IST 792 paper 2
Database security is a growing concern evidenced by an increase in the number of reported incidencets of loss of unauthorized exposure to sensitive data. As the amount of data collected, retained, and shared electronically expands, so does the need to understand database security. (Murray, 2010)

Database security concerns the use of a broad range of information security controls to protect databases (potentially including the data, the database applications or stored functions, the database systems, the database servers and the associated network links) against compromises of their confidentiality, integrity and availability. It involves various types or categories of controls, such as technical, procedural/administrative and physical. Database security is a specialist topic within the broader realms of computer security,information security and risk management.
Security risks to database systems include, for example: * Unauthorized or unintended activity or misuse by authorized database users, database administrators, or network/systems managers, or by unauthorized users or hackers (e.g. inappropriate access to sensitive data, metadata or functions within databases, or inappropriate changes to the database programs, structures or security configurations); * Malware infections causing incidents such as unauthorized access, leakage or disclosure of personal or proprietary data, deletion of or damage to the data or programs, interruption or denial of authorized access to the database, attacks on other systems and the unanticipated failure of database services; * Overloads, performance constraints and capacity issues resulting in the inability of authorized users to use databases as intended; * Physical damage to database servers caused by computer room fires or floods, overheating, lightning, accidental liquid spills, static