...Lecture 1 Yellow stone hot spot Great Valley Questions to consider throughout the course: Boundary layer of clay Will California fall into the sea? What regulates climate? etc. (see lecture notes) THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD Observe Generalize and/ make a hypothesis Test the hypothesis Revise hypothesis if necessary - hypothesis has to be falsify able, com Lecture 2 Electromagnetic between positive charges of the nucleus and negative charges of the electrons FUNDAMENTAL FORCES REVIEW Gravity - depends on mass and distance Electromagnetic - depends on charge, distance Strong Force - between hadrons Weak Force - between hadrons and some leptons Protons and neutrons (hardrons) are made out of smaller particles called quarks Leptons: includes electrons (mass & charge), neutrinos (mass, no charge) and their antiparticles Field particles: transmit fundamental forces Conservation Laws - Quantities conserved Energy-Mass Momentum (oriented) *Angular momentum (oriented) Charge Spin (oriented) # of Hadrons (number conserved) # of Leptons (number conserved) FORMS OF ENERGY Kinetic Potential Heat Chemical Mass Electromagnetic radiation Changes in volume When a thing is dropped and stopped by an object, electromagnetic force is overcoming the gravity force overlap of electron clouds of two objects First law of Thermodynamics Energy may be converted from one form to another, but the total must be conceived in any interactions. (Energy...
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...scientific discoveries. As scientific advances over the past 500 years have explained more mysteries, more and more different sects of creationism have come to be. Each sect has a certain set of scientific facts that they accept as being true, and use their own type of science to prove modern scientific findings to be incorrect. The most extreme sect of creationism that I will be focusing on is Young- Earth Creationism (YEC). The Earth to them in term of age is somewhere between 5,700 to 10,000 years old and either rejects or has an alternative version of every science. Many ancient calendars throughout time have recorded the world dating back to as early as 5500BC, and this history merged with the creation story leads to claims of times before humans being able to write is nonexistent. In the 1800’s when Charles Darwin theorized evolution, there was a great decline in people who thought the Genesis Creation story was real, while at the same time, devout believers in the creation story broke off creating what are now forms of creationism. Also, James Hutton is known, as the father of modern geology is one who has been a troublemaker for modern creationists to find sufficient proof...
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...Urban Climates The city is an extraordinary processor of mass and energy and has its own metabolism. A daily input of water, food, and energy of various kinds is matched by an output of sewage, solid waste, air pollutants, energy, and materials that have been transformed in some way. The quantities involved are enormous. Many aspects of this energy use affect the atmosphere of a city, particularly in the production of heat. In winter the heat produced by a city can equal or surpass the amount of heat available from the Sun. All the heat that warms a building eventually transfers to the surrounding air, a process that is quickest where houses are poorly insulated. But an automobile produces enough heat to warm an average house in winter, and if a house were perfectly insulated, one adult could also produce more than enough heat to warm it. Therefore, even without any industrial production of heat, an urban area tends to be warmer than the countryside that surrounds it. The burning of fuel, such as by cars, is not the only source of this increased heat. Two other factors contribute to the higher overall temperature in cities. The first is the heat capacity of the materials that constitute the city, which is typically dominated by concrete and asphalt. During the day, heat from the Sun can be conducted into these materials and stored—to be released at night. But in the countryside materials have a significantly lower heat capacity because a vegetative blanket...
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...SCIN 136 Midterm Exam All Possible Questions http://www.homework-bank.com/downloads/scin-136-midterm-exam-all-possible-questions/ Question 1 Early voyagers used a variety of observations to help guide them including: A. their sense of smell B. cloud formations C. the appearance of more birds D. the direction of waves E. all of the above Question 2 The scientific theory about the formation of the oceans is that they first formed from (the original source of the water): A. Magma displacements. B. comet impacts C. degassing of the early Earth D. all of the above E. both b and c Question 3 Besides the Navy the primary organizations who carry out “classified” A. The U.N. B. Green Peace C. Sierra Club D. Oil companies. E. Boeing F. the banking industry Question 4 One use today of the Navy’s SOSUS System is to monitor________ to prevent loss of life. A. dumping of waste in the oceans B. tsunamis C. fish populations D. oil drilling E. tidal cycles F. surfing championships Question 5 The two types of technology that are mostly used to monitor deep-water oil drilling and to locate and recover deep shipwrecks are: A. AUV’s and compasses B. ROV’s and Side-scan sonar C. GPS and radar D. Chronometers and sextants E. B.P. stock price forecasts and FEMA bureaucrats. Question 6 The reason that ancient sailors had trouble calculating their LONGITUDE is that they did not have reliable A. sextants ...
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...(Geology of Ice Age National Scientific Reserve of Wisconsin)Create a 12- to 15 slide MicrosoftPowerPoint® presentation for your chosen geologic feature. Address the following: Describe the various geologic events that have occurred in the region around your feature. Describe the geological features and various types of rocks that formed in the area, such as mountains, craters, canyons, volcanoes, fault lines, or folds. What is the most prevalent rock type of your feature? Describe the rock type’s mineral composition. How old is your geologic feature? Estimate the absolute age of the feature, and discuss methods used to determine the age. What geologic event created your feature? Discuss the process of plate tectonics related to the formation. Explain the significance of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks in your region. Describe the types of weathering and erosion processes that have likely affected the physical appearance of your feature. Describe any significant water, ocean, desert, or glacial features associated with your region, and the process involved with creating one of them. Explain what resources are abundant in the region and the importance and economic value of these resources to the region. In conclusion, explain why you selected this geologic feature for your presentation. Include graphics. Include details in speaker notes . http://wisconsingeologicalsurvey.org Climate change—the long view Updated December...
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...Elements of Earth Science Comparative Essay Original Creation of the Earth Rhonda L. Carter 9 March 2014 PHSC 210-B13 LOU | | Introduction It should be easy to say that the Earth was created by a higher power. For a Christian this higher power is God. The Bible gives us the six day creation of the heavens and the Earth and all that dwell upon it. For anyone else, the higher power is some unknown power that science is still trying to figure out. There are a lot of theories in science about how the Earth was created. One of these theories is the big bang theory. The essay will compare the two theories and show how different they are. Old Earth View In the old Earth view of the original creation of Earth we are told about the big bang theory. In order to explain this theory one must understand what science says that it is. “According to the big bang theory, the universe began by expanding from an infinitesimal volume with extremely high density and temperature. The universe was initially significantly smaller than even a pore on your skin. With the big bang, the fabric of space itself began expanding like the surface of an inflating balloon – matter simply rode along the stretching space like dust on a balloon’s surface.” (Takahashi, 2000) When dealing with science, one can see that scientists do not believe in a divine power such as God. They deal with their theories and will tell you that they believe something was created, but not that it was created by God. Only...
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...The Study Aims to Know Whether Flooding Affects Student’s Interest in Attending Classes of the University of Cebu-Maritime Education and Training Center. Carlyle Allen M. Pono Margallo University of Cebu Maritime Education and Training Center Submitted to: Ms. Belinda N. Escandallo March 2011 9:00- 10:30 Rationale of the Study The use of this study is to know the effects of flooding to student’s mindset during heavy rain fall that results to flooding. Flooding is common to the land area of UC-Maritime Education and Training Center, water sometimes rises from below knee level which is a hustle for the students. This concerns not much of the course but everyone in the campus who works and studies. This is an eternal issue that couldn’t be prevented because it is a natural calamity, though won’t be prevented, there’s still a good remedy for it. A better way of going to school would be proposed when the problem is totally learned and understood. Students maybe listened more to have an additional credits in school rules during floods. This problem should be given much attention for it happens often and should have a solution earlier to hand down any new school laws to generations to come in the next following years. Theoretical Background Flood geology (also creation geology or diluvial geology)...
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...degree before 1644, Zhang himself would normally have sat for the higher examinations leading to an official career, but the fall of the Ming led him to abandon that ambition and he subsequently supported himself through painting. In the summer of 1644, the city of Nanjing and its inhabitants were living in fear and anxiety. The capital of the Ming dynasty which was once vibrant was now home to the remnants...
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...about the amazing artistic talents of Michelangelo. Michelangelo indeed possessed many talents, he was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the High Renaissance. When asked at first about painting the Sistine Chapel he was reluctant to do so, because his passion was sculpting. He decided to take on this project and paint. He used watercolors to paint the ceiling. Since he was painting on plaster this process is called fresco. Frescoes are made by adding pigment to lime water and then applied to a wet plaster wall("Life Art And Travel In Italy", 2014). It is the way Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel. Michelangelo was by far the most famous, and greatest artist during the Italian renaissance. Michelangelo's great love was for sculpting, so he did very few paintings, but the paintings that he did do, are breathtakingly beautiful. What God brought to life with a fingertip, is part of Michelangelo's creation story. The Sistine Chapel is amazing, All I can think about is the length of time it had to take to fresco the ceiling. Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel from July of 1508 to October of 1512,("Vatican Museums", 2014), during a time of transformation not only for the Catholic Church but also for the Art. In every painting on the ceiling his subjects are religious figures presented to us. Despite its religious subject matter and location in the Renaissance tradition of papal patronage of art, Michelangelo’s sprawling frescoes...
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...materials cited in this course are reproduced here for educational purposes only under fair use provisions of U.S. Copyright law. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the author is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting or other professional advice. If legal advice or other professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Claire Casey and Digital Romance, Inc.. individually or corporately, do not accept any responsibility for any liabilities resulting for the actions of any parties involved. Don't Wreck it Before it Even Begins! Incredible, exciting, and fulfilling dating relationships don’t “just happen.” You aren’t going to “luck into” one. You know it takes hard work and effort on the part of both people. And you already know so many of the good things you need to invest to make a relationship work well. You know about establishing trust, communicating effectively, and learning to deal with conflict... All of those powerful things that we regularly talk about at Digital Romance, and I especially go over in Capture His Heart... which you can grab at http:// www.capturehim.com But those “big” things (like trust, or dealing with conflict) all come into play when you're starting to really dig in to a relationship... What are the things...
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...Study Guide: Midterm Exam Concentrate your studies in the following areas. Questions for the Midterm Exam will come principally from this material. Lutgens and Tarbuck Textbook: Minerals (Chapter 1) * Know the definition of a mineral. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance that is solid and inorganic representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and has an ordered atomic structure. It is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regard to it having an ordered atomic structure. * Know the basic definition of a rock. * In geology, rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. For example, the common rock granite is a combination of the quartz, feldspar and biotite minerals. The Earth's outer solid layer, the lithosphere, is made of rock. * Know how atoms of the same element are related. What do they have in common? All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons in the nucleus and consequently have the same atomic number. All atoms of the same neutral element have the same number of electrons as well. Atoms of an element usually have the same number of neutrons as protons. Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons are called isotopes...
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...Ablation: the process of wastage of snow or ice, especially by melting. * Steady State: when the amounts of accumulation and ablation are equal over the course of a year. As a result, the snout of the glacier will remain stationary. * Surge: a short-lived phase of accelerated glacier flow. * Pressure Melting Point (PMP): the temperature at which ice under pressure will melt. * Extensional Flow: also known as extending flow, this is the extension and related thinning of glacier ice in those zones where velocity increases. * Compressional Flow: also known as compressing flow, this is the type of glacier flow whereby a reduction in velocity leads to an increase in thickness of a glacier. * Weathering: the breakdown of rocks in situ (in their original location, without them being moved away). This produces finer particles that can then be moved by agents of erosion such as wind and running water. The Global Distribution of Cold Environments: Ice Ages: * Begin as a result of global climatic changes. *...
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...Edition Table of Contents Preface / 2 Introduction to Washington DC for Singles / 3 Single and Successful in the City / 6 First Thing’s First: Decide What You Want / 7 Speed Dating / 10 How to Maximize Your Speed-Dating Success / 11 Typical Dating Instructions / 12 Types of Events Offered by Professionals in the City / 13 More Opportunities to Meet People / 14 Online Dating / 15 The Bar Scene in DC / 17 The Next Step: Assess Yourself / 18 The Outer Game / 19 The Inner Game / 20 Develop Strategy -- Get Most Out of a Conversation / 23 Advice for Men When Dating / 23 Advice for Women When Dating / 24 How to Keep Them Interested / 25 Washington Post Excerpt / 26 Author's Bio / 30 Guests gather for a Professionals in the City New Year’s Eve event Professionals in the City Washington, DC for Singles www.prosinthecity.com Page 1 Preface My name is Michael Karlan. I'm the founder and president of Professionals in the City, a social networking organization based in Washington, DC with branches nationwide. My knowledge of the singles scene comes from hosting more than 5,000 singles’ events over a period of more than 10 years. In that time, I have met tens of thousands of singles, and introduced hundreds of couples that are now married. Michael Karlan and Guest at a Professionals in the City Speed Dating Event in Washington, DC Meeting people and hosting events is my passion. But that wasn't always so. You might think it takes an extremely extroverted person to create this...
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...Unit 1 : Many Planets, One Earth Overview Astronomers have discovered dozens of planets orbiting other stars, and space probes have explored many parts of our solar system, but so far scientists have only discovered one place in the universe where conditions are suitable for complex life forms: Earth. In this unit, examine the unique characteristics that make our planet habitable and learn how these conditions were created. Surfaces of Mars, Moon, Venus, Earth. Source: NASA Sections: 1. Introduction 2. Many Planets, One Earth 3. Reading Geologic Records 4. Carbon Cycling and Earth's Climate 5. Testing the Thermostat: Snowball Earth 6. Atmospheric Oxygen 7. Early Life: Single-Celled Organisms 8. The Cambrian Explosion and the Diversification of Animals 9. The Age of Mammals 10. Further Reading Unit 1 : Many Planets, One Earth -1- www.learner.org 1. Introduction Earth's long history tells a story of constant environmental change and of close connections between physical and biological environments. It also demonstrates the robustness of life. Simple organisms first appeared on Earth some 3.8 billion years ago, and complex life forms emerged approximately 2 billion years ago. Life on Earth has endured through many intense stresses, including ice ages, warm episodes, high and low oxygen levels, mass extinctions, huge volcanic eruptions, and meteorite impacts. Untold numbers of species have come and gone, but life has survived even the most extreme fluxes. To...
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...HISTORY OF AFRICAN ART The earliest known form of African Art is rock paintings, drawn by the nomadic people of southern Africa and the Sahara. Of those paintings, some of the earliest have been excavated in Namibia in strata between 19,000 and 26,000 years old. The paintings are on portable pebbles and stones and are depictions of rhinoceros, half-human and half-animal forms. Surviving paintings and engravings on rock shelters are younger but more difficult to date accurately. Some probably date to Stone Age up to about 10,000 BC .The paintings show people dancing, skinning animals, medicine men performing rituals, animals being hunted, hands, bows and arrows and geometric patterns. The earliest 3D art come from Nigeria dating from 700-500 BC onwards. This is the famous ‘Nok’ sculpture, terracotta human and animal figures excavated from the tin mines near the village of Nok where pottery figures were first found. One extraordinary group of terracotta is the exception in a mainly West African story, in that they come from South Africa where they are the earliest known sculptures. They has seven heads, found at Lydenburg in the Transvaal.Modelled in brutally chunky style, they date from about the 6th C AD. Powerful terracotta figures in traditional style continue to be made in Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries, contemporary with the superb carved wooden figures which survive from the two centuries. There is archeological evidence that metallurgy existed as early as 3000...
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