http://smallbusiness.chron.com/design-own-daycare-center-floorplans-40707.html
Components
List the components of your daycare center before you begin laying out your floor plan. This might include a reception desk or area, a coatroom, a storage room, an activity room, a changing area, a classroom, closets, an office, a staff room and one or more bathrooms.
Flow
Measure your space before you begin designing your floorplan so you can properly place the components you want, where you want them. Consider how you want your floorplan to flow, or how people will move from one space to the next. For example, you might want your reception area up front and a staff room or office in the back. You might want to keep activity rooms next to closets that will contain toys and learning aids, and near bathrooms. Leave extra space in each room to account for drywall, floorboards and other items that might decrease the amount of space you have to work with in a room. This will help you avoid ordering 10 feet of shelving for a room that ends up 9 feet long after it’s finished. Decide if doors will open into a room or outward, which rooms will not have doors, of if you prefer pocket doors that recess into walls, using any daycare code requirements to guide you. Note where lighting, fans, vents, sprinklers, windows and other components of each room will go.
Construction
Consider in what order you want to begin building your space. If you will need to use heavy equipment in the back of the building, you might wish to start construction there first. Decide what rooms or areas you’ll need to start your business. For example, if you will not be using all of your space until you grow and get more customers, you might want to finish a second activity room or classroom later. If your budget requires you to finish the build out as you grow, add options such as your kitchen later.

http://www.state.il.us/dcfs/docs/CFS_1050-52_Summary_for_DCC.pdf
Group Size and Staff Requirements:
AGE OF CHILDREN STAFF/CHILD MAXIMUM
RATIO GROUP SIZE
Infants (6 weeks through 14 months) 1 to 4 12
Toddlers (15 through 23 months) 1 to 5 15
Two years 1 to 8 16
Three years 1 to 10 20
Four years 1 to 10 20
Five years (preschool) 1 to 20 20
School-age: Kindergartners present 1 to 20 30

There must be a balance of active and quiet activity. Daily indoor and outdoor activities are to be provided for children to make use of both large and small muscles
• Infants and toddlers must be in separate space away from older children.
• A refrigerator and sink must be easily accessible.
• Toys and indoor equipment must be cleaned and disinfected daily. Safe, durable equipment and play materials must be provided.
• Either the day care center or the parent may provide food for infants not consuming table food. Feeding times and amounts consumed must be documented in writing.
Infants and toddlers must be housed and cared for at ground level unless special approval has been granted from the Department.
• Indoor space must provide a safe, comfortable environment for the children. Floors and fl oor coverings must be washable and free from drafts and dampness.
• Toilets and lavatories must be readily accessible to the children.
Exits must be unlocked and clear of equipment and debris.
• Drills for fi re and tornado must be conducted. A fl oor plan must be posted in every room indicating the areas providing the most safety in the case of a tornado and the primary and secondary exit routes in case of fire.
All areas of the outdoor play space must be visible to staff at all times.