1). The Middle East that stretches in a crescent-shaped curve from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea. Technology used to supply water to crops that wouldn't naturally have water. Another advance was the discovery of copper, and a third advance was the wheel. Irrigation impacted Sumer by making it possible for plants to get water during the hot dry months of summer. Sumerians produce more food, which caused their population to grow. Sumerian advances in technology like farming and writing helped later empires form and expand as well.

2). Hammurabi’s rule can be described as innovative because the principle of "an eye for an eye". It states what one man can demand of another and what the authorities can do. It was also stated quite