..."water pills"/diuretics. How to use Slow-K oral Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor. To prevent stomach upset, take each dose with a meal and a full glass of water (8 ounces/240 milliliters) unless your doctor directs you otherwise. Do not lie down for 10 minutes after taking this medication. Do not crush, chew, or suck extended-release capsules or tablets. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects. Also, do not split extended-release tablets unless they have a score line and your doctor or pharmacist tells you to do so. Swallow the whole or split tablet without crushing or chewing. Swallow the capsules whole. If you have trouble swallowing the capsules, tell your doctor or pharmacist. Some brands may be opened and the contents sprinkled onto a spoonful of cool, soft food such as applesauce or pudding. Immediately swallow the food/medication mixture without chewing. Do not prepare the mixture ahead of time. Drink a glass of cool water after each dose to make sure you swallow all the medication. Ask your pharmacist if you have questions about your brand. Take this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time(s) each day. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose or take it more often than prescribed. Do not take more than 20...
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...Research Critique of a Quantitative Study The purpose of this research critique is to inform the reader of a randomized clinical study regarding the treatment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS). This writer is interested in the treatment of drug exposed infants and the goals of reducing babies’ hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The study researches the adjunct therapy for treatment of NAS. The study will be broken down into the following units: protection of human participants, type of data collection utilized in the study, data management and analysis, findings and interpretation of these findings and finally the conclusion of the study and its findings. Protection of Human Participants This study’s goal is to differentiate the efficacy of clonidine versus phenobarbital in adjunct therapy with morphine sulfate in the treatment of NAS. One of the benefits of this study is the importance of standardization of a weaning protocol. The weaning protocol did not change from day to day and provider to provider as can be the case outside of the study. Another benefit is the predefined measures for each study group that were considered adverse events. These measures worked as a safety net to ensure the study was done safely and not causing harm to the babies. One noted concern/risk noted by the author was the potential for prolonged exposure to phenobarbital on a baby’s developing brain. The concern is the phenobarbital may cause behavioral compromises...
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...population. On the flip side, a statistic is an attribute used to describe a sample, like the average score of a group that was taken from the previous mentioned population would be a statistic. 4. All of the people who suffer from schizophrenia would be considered a population. 5. A group of people who are in a study of schizophrenia would be a sample. 6. The population I’m interested in would be all the first graders in a state. The sample would use to study would be all the first graders in a given city. 7. The population being drawn from would be anyone who had depression. The sample would be the people with depression chosen from the population and are broken up into four smaller groups. The independent variable is the different doses of medication given to the subject groups and the placebo given to the fourth group. The dependent variable would be the different reactions to the given treatment each person got for their group and the results. This would be measured by how the subjects felt compared to how much medication they were given. This experiment would be considered a true experiment because...
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...Introduction to Personal and Professional Development The aim of this assignment is to select one development need and how this need will influence my Nursing practice. From my placement the one development need I need to improve on is my Numeracy skills, the specific area that I needed help was with converting measurements. It was identified more when during my shifts in placement I had been asked how to covert the dosages in mls. Which I found quite challenging. This developing need will enhance nursing practice practicing individually.This skill will enable me to let other professionals know what I am doing. Also learning and building up on my knowledge about drugs will enable me to know what they are used for. If this development need does not expand then this skill would be lacking. I would not know how much the patient would require and can lead to incorrect dosages. The first resource I looked at was Dosage Calculations example a patient is prescribed 75mcg of levethyroxin and is available in 25mcg. The answer to do this would be how many how many 25s are in 75 which is 3 tablets. (LAPHAM. R. AGAR.H (2007 p47) A patient is prescribed 2g of flucloxacillin and the drug is available in 500mg capsules. The first step is to convert everything to the same units. To convert grams to milligrams by 1000=2g= 2x1000mg=2000mg. The second step involves how many 500s are in 2000 so 2000 divided by 500= 4 capsules (LAPHAM . R. AGAR. H (2007 p47) Also looked...
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... The right dose 4. The right time 5. The right route Experience indicates that five additional rights are essential to professional nursing practice; 1. The right assessment 2. The right documentation 3. The client’s right to education 4. The right evaluation 5. The client’s right to refuse The right client needs to be ensured by checking the wrist band, and by checking a second piece of identification. This could be a picture on the chart, or a case number that is both on his chart and wristband. This must be done before any medication is administrated. The right drug means that the client receives the drug that was prescribed by a physician (MD), dentist (DDS), podiatrist (DPM), or an advanced practice nurse with the license to write prescriptions (APRN). The use of computerized systems to record medications has helped to decrease medication errors, because nurses are not trying to read written forms of the prescriptions. Dr.’s can electronically add a new medication order to a pt. chart from any location. If there is a phone order or verbal order it must be cosigned by the prescribing physician within 24 hours. The components of a drug order are as follows: · Date and time the order is written · Drug name (generic is preferred) · Drug dosage · Route of administration · Frequency and duration of administration (e.g, x 7 days, x 3 doses) · Any...
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...Assessment skills * Medicine management * Leadership * Midwifery and neonatal nursing * More ... * Search the Archive * Browse by clinical topic * Browse by issue date * Awards * Nursing Times Awards * Student Nursing Times Awards * Patient Safety Awards * Care Integration Awards * Write for Us * Nursing events * Courses * Subscribe from overseas * Francis report * Nursing Practice * Nursing Times Learning * Opinion * Student Nursing Times * Jobs * Subscribe * You are here: Home * Clinical Zones * Medicine management How to ensure patient safety in drug dose calculation 12 October, 2012 Medicines management is a core nursing skill. This review gives an introduction to and taster of our newly launched online Nursing Times Learning unit on drug calculations. Keywords: Patient safety/Drug calculation/Medicines management * This article has been double-blind peer reviewed * Figures and tables can be seen in the attached print-friendly PDF file of the complete article in the ‘Files’ section of this page Medication incidents accoun-ted for 11% of all patient incidents reported to the National Reporting and Learning System (2012) in England and...
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...The Medicines Company Case Write-Up: Terence Cho, Felipe Duarte, Aleks Loiko, Robert Shaw, and James Wang Section 4, Group 10 Medicines Company’s drug, Angiomax, outperforms Heparin, but incurs significantly higher costs to produce, making the drug difficult to attractively price. This difficulty in pricing stems from a poor positioning strategy for Angiomax which does not maximize the perceived value (PV) that the drug provides to its key customer segments. Therefore, Medicines Co., must develop a positioning strategy that maximizes the perceived value of Angiomax. Medicines Co. must first determine the critical characteristics its key customer segments (doctors, hospital administrators, and pharmacists) value in an anticoagulant (Appendix A). Medicines Co. should then develop a positioning statement that highlights Angiomax’s strengths for its most compatible customer segment – doctors. The positioning statement for doctors would be “Angiomax outperforms Heparin in high-risk patients resulting in significantly fewer complications while performing angioplasty procedures”. The focus should be on doctors because of the high overlap between Angiomax’s benefits and doctors’ values in an anticoagulant. Additionally, by providing doctors with information (Appendix B) that quantifies the cost savings from reduced complications in high-risk patients, Medicines Co. bridges the gap between the true economic value (TEV) and the PV that doctors have for Angiomax. This solution...
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...Pediatric calculations Accurate doses are especially important in giving medications to infants and children because even small errors can be dangerous due to their small body size. Two methods are used to calculate pediatric dosages: According to the weight in kilograms (kg) According to the child's body surface area (BSA) Calculations based on body weight 1. The first step is to convert the child's body weight into kg. The formula is 2.2 lb. = 1 kg. 2. The second step is to calculate the medication dose. a. Calculate the daily dose b. Divide the daily dose by the number of doses to be administered. c. Use either the ratio-proportion or formula method to calculate the number of tablets/ capsules or volume to be administered with each dose. Example: A child weighing 76 lbs. is ordered to receive 150 mg of Clindamycin q6h. The pediatric drug handbook states the recommended dose is 8-20 mg/kg/day in four divided doses. The Clindamycin is supplied in 100 mg scored tablets. 1. What is the weight in kg? 76 lbs÷2.2kg/lb. = 34.5 kg 2. What is the safe total daily dose? Minimum: 8 mg/kg/day X 34.5 kg = 276 mg/day Maximum: 20 mg/kg/day X 34.5 kg = 690 mg/day 3. Is this a safe dose? 150 mg/dose X 4 doses/day = 600 mg/day Yes this is within the recommended safe range. 4. Calculate the number of tablets to give. 100 mg: 1 tablet = 150 mg: x (multiply means 100...
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...14 blue/white capsules totaling 56 capsules. Recommended dose Always take Stanozol 10 exactly as prescribed by your doctor. If you are unsure,ask your pharmacist. Unless otherwise prescribed by a doctor, the normal dose is: Men First time users Take a 10mg dose twice a day as follows:10mg in the morning and 10mg in the evening for 2 weeks. Then increase daily dosage by 10 mg as follows: one 10mg dose three time per day spread evenly throughout the day. Advanced users Take one 20mg dose three time per day spread evenly throughout the day. For lowering SHBG The use of 0,2mg/kg body weight per day dramatically lowers SHBG which in turn increases the amount of free testosterone circulating in the body. Do not exceed 20mg per dose or 60mg per 24 hour period. Women First time users Take 5mg once per day in the morning. Then increase daily dosage by 5mg as follows: one 5mg dose twice a day, 5mg in the morning and 5mg in the evening. As Stanozol 10 only comes in 10mg capsules, it’s advised that the capsule is opened and the powder that is poured out be divided into 2 equal doses. Advanced users Take 5mg doses 3 times per day at 8 hourly intervals. Do not exceed 5mg per dose or 15mg per 24 hour period. Stanozol 10 may be taken with or without food to avoid stomach irritability. This may however diminish bio-availablity so fatty foods, specifically, should be avoided 1 hour prior to dose administration.. Increase water intake so as to avoid kidney...
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...Recommended Dosages Important Note: Infant concentrated drops are being phased out but are safe to use if the dose is correct. They're three times as concentrated as the new infant liquid, so use caution: Know your baby's weight and follow the dosage chart. Find out how to tell the difference between the old and new med icine at www.babycenter.com/acetaminophen. Your child's weight: 6 to 11 lbs Dose: 40 mg Old Infant drops: ½ dropper (0.4 ml) New Infant liquid: 1.25 ml in syringe Your child's weight: 24 to 35 lbs Dose: 160 mg Old infant drops: 2 droppers (1.6 ml) New infant liquid: 5 ml in syringe Children's liquid: 1 tsp (5 ml in cup) Children's chews or meltaways: 2 Junior-strength chews or meltaways: 1 Your child's weight: 60 to 71 lbs Dose: 400 mg Children's liquid: 2 ½ tsp (12.5 ml in cup) Children's chews or meltaways: 5 Junior-strength chews or meltaways: 2 1/2 Adult regular-strength tabs (325 mg): 1 Active Ingredients Old infant drops: 80 mg/0.8 ml per dropper (shake well before using) New infant liquid: 160 mg/5 ml per included syringe (shake well before using) Children's liquid: 160 mg/5 ml per teaspoon (shake well before using) Children's chews or meltaways: 80 mg each Junior-strength chews or meltaways: 160 mg each Adult regular-strength tablets: 325 mg each Six Safety Tips for Acetaminophen 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Don't give to a baby under 3 months without a doctor's approval. Don't confuse infant drops with the new infant liquid. Infant drops are three times more concentrated...
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...2. An incision measured 55 mm. How many centimeters is this? 3. A syringe contains 0.5 mL of sterile water. How many cubic centimeters does the syringe contain? 4. The directions on a cough syrup are “take two tablespoons.” How many teaspoons are equivalent to two tablespoons? PART 3: DOSAGE CALCULATIONS Please solve the dosage calculation, showing your work. Each question is worth 2 points for a total of 12 points for this section. “Ordered” refers to what strength/dosage the physician requested. “On hand” refers to what is available. 1. Ordered: 5 mg po tid On hand: 2 mg scored tablets * How many tablets do you need for each dose? * How many tablets do you need for a sixty day supply? 2. Ordered: 200 mg po q8h On hand: 110mg/5 mL * How many mL’s do you need for each dose? * How many mL’s do you need for a one-day supply? 3. Ordered: 2.5 g On hand: 50 mg/mL * How many mL’s do you need to give the ordered amount? 4. Ordered: 240cc (a cc is the same as a mL) On hand: oz * How many ounces do you need to give the ordered amount? PART 3: DOSAGE...
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...this section. “Ordered” refers to what strength/dosage the physician requested. “On hand” refers to what is available. 1. Ordered: 5 mg po tid On hand: 2 mg scored tablets • How many tablets do you need for each dose? • How many tablets do you need for a sixty day supply? 2. Ordered: 200 mg po q8h On hand: 110mg/5 mL • How many mL’s do you need for each dose? • How many mL’s do you need for a one-day supply? 3. Ordered: 2.5 g On hand: 50 mg/mL • How many mL’s do you need to give the ordered amount? 4. Ordered: 240cc (a cc is the same as a mL) On hand: oz • How many ounces do you need to give the ordered amount? PART 3: DOSAGE CALCULATIONS (CONTINUED) Please solve the dosage calculation, showing your work. Each questions is worth 2 points for a total of 8 points for this section. Amoxil 125 mg/ 2 mL comes in a 50 mL bottle (when reconstituted) 1. If the patient is to receive 250 mg, what will the dose be in mL? 2. How many teaspoon(s) is (are) equivalent to 250 mg? 3. If a patient is taking 250 mg of Amoxil every 6 hours, how many days should the bottle of medicine last? 4. If a patient is taking 500 mg of Amoxil every 6 hours, how many doses are provided by the...
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...PRMCE Chemotherapy Volume Administration Guidelines |Drug |Administration Volume |Infusion Time |Stability |IV Administration/ | |Usual Adult Dose | | | |Comments | |Alemtuzumab (Campath) |NS 100ml (if given IV) |2 hours |8 hours |Do not shake. Premed with diphenhydramine 50mg + | |3mg/day to 30mg 3x/week | | | |acetaminophen 650mg | |May be given subcut or IV | | | | | |Arsenic Trioxide |250ml NS |1-2 hours |24 hours room temp |Infuse over 4 hours if vasomotor reactions | |0.15mg/kg | | ...
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...5 Gauss line = 5 mT = 0.005 T Average background radiation dose to US citizen = 300 mrem Consider therapeutic abortion if dose to fetus > 10 rad (0.1 Gy) To categorize area as restricted from general public, average dose rate > 2 mrem/hr If Tc99m is given to lactating female, cease breast-feeding for 4 days Terminate breast-feeding altogether after administration of I131 or Ga67 Test for Mo99 contamination in Tc99m samples by using a dose calibrator Use thin layer chromatography to test for free Tc in Tc99m Use colorimeter to test for Al in Tc99m MDP White label I < 0.5 mrem Yellow < 50 mrem/hr – AND – not > 1 mrem/hr @ 1 meter Yellow III > 50 mrem/hr – OR – > 1 mrem/hr @ 1 meter Maximum allowable exposure to family members of patients with I131 = 5 mSv Risk for congenital defects from radiation to general population significantly increases > 15 rad (150 mGy) Radiotherapy dose must be > 20% to report to NRC A well counter does not use a gas-filled chamber to detect radiation levels Mo99/Tc99m generator operates on principle of transient equilibrium and is state where daughter radionuclide is short than that of parent radionuclide In secular equilibrium, radioactive daughter’s decay rate is balanced by own decay rate Risk of congenital defects to fetus significantly increases > 100 mGy Annual occupational dose equivalent limit to single organ in radiation worker = 50000 mrem (500 mSv). NaI123 has t1/2 = 13.2 hr Theraspheres used...
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...in medical imaging. The equipment is becoming faster and faster. In the 1990s, a patient had to remain in a CT gantry for a period of approximately 10 minutes for a chest CT, whereas now it takes a few seconds to scan the entire chest. This may give the impression that radiation dose in CT is small, which is not the case. To give an example, a typical chest CT can impart a radiation dose equivalent to hundreds of chest radiographs. The offshoot of higher speed is that shoulder to pelvic scans or even head to pelvic scans are becoming more common, and this is raising questions of justification. Repeat scans on the same patients are also not uncommon. It is becoming clear that many CT examinations (typically one third) are unjustified and can be avoided through appropriate clinical judgment. There is no doubt that newer technology has increased the usefulness of CT examinations in areas where earlier there was little justification of CT. It has been documented that radiation dose to the patient can be reduced significantly through optimization actions. However, repeated examination on the same patient, or examination on a child or pregnant woman, requires a higher level of attention to radiation doses and consideration of risks. Appropriate training of personal performing CT procedures and reporting the scans needs to be emphasized. Computed tomography (CT) is the method that extends the clinical capabilities of X-ray imaging because of its high contrast sensitivity for visualizing...
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