...What is deception? Deceptions are acts to circulate beliefs that are not true, or not the whole truth. Deception can involve dissimulation, propaganda, and skills of hand, as well as disruption, disguise, or concealment. Sources of Deception: Deception includes several types of connections or blunders that serve to twist or exclude the complete truth. Deception itself is purposely managing spoken and/or nonverbal communication so that the message receiver will believe in a way that the message sender knows is false. Objective is significant with regard to deception. Objective differentiates between deception and an honest mistake. I am going to write on the deceptive measure caused by skills i.e. Magic, taking an example of Mr. John Mulholland, the well-known magician, was displaying his fascinating mastery of sleight of hand before an audience of college professors and students. He picked up a coin with his left hand, placed it in his right, and then opened his hand slowly. The coin had vanished. Suddenly a book flew through the air, narrowly missing the performer's head. An embarrassed professor arose from his seat and quickly apologized. This natural and aggressive reaction to being deceived took place because the audience did not comprehend, and therefore could not enjoy, a basic problem of audience watching Magic or Magician. Since all tricks occupy the same basic methods, People should know who they actually are. Not only will your enjoyment in observing magical performances...
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...system and keeps our brains constantly at work to weed out the information that is correct from the information that is false. Advertisements, our parents, our children, friends, and siblings, those who we have more intimate relationships with, and even ourselves, deceive us, just as we are deceitful to them. There are many degrees to lying, varying from little white lies, to blatant deception and perjury. The motives and desired outcomes of those who lie vary greatly from person to person, as well as the degree to which they lie. Most people would agree that there are times when it is acceptable to tell white lies or even a bigger lie for the greater good, if the truth is not something of importance. I will discuss several facets of deception. To start, I will describe several types of lies and give definitions and examples of them. Then, I will talk about some facts about the frequency at which we are deceptive on an average day, and situations in which we generally increase or decrease how deceptive we are. Next, I will discuss why lies are prevalent in relationships, and how deception creates friction in the workplace. After that, I will talk about how we deceive ourselves, and why, what motivates us to lie and then I will give some arguments about the possibility of detecting when someone is lying and if you can distinguish their lies from the truth. Lastly, I will discuss several disorders that may cause one to lie, whether it is purposefully or not, and how that...
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...However, it is possible to find the deception behind each personality within a book if one analyzes the character's beyond their superficial facade. Since the beginning of time, humans have always stumbled on a boarder between appearance and reality, using deception to mask weaknesses and obscure the harsh eye of society. By examining A Street Car Named Desire by Tennessee Williams, Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing, and The Unabridged Journals Of Sylvia Plath by Sylvia Plath the deception humans use in order to appear stronger in society are revealed. In the play, A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams, there is a dominant theme of deception portrayed by the three main characters in the play. Stella Kowalski, Stanley Kowalski, and Blanche DuBois all have simple personalities that are extremely skewed by the end of the book. Stella states "I'm not in anything I want to get out of," (Williams, 74). This gives Blanche a huge reality check, because someone she adores has accepted such an average life, and has given up in her pursue for perfection, even if most of it is imaginary. This deception also plays a huge role in Much Ado About Nothing by Shakespeare, through a continuos series of twists throughout the book and hidden motifs, that cannot be seen by the reader until the characters themselves accept the truth or the meaning behind it. The character traits that seem to define the characters in this play, are also their largest deceptions. "CLAUDIO -Can...
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...Leadership and Self Deception Introduction From personal experience, nobody ever wants to hear that they have a problem in any aspect of their life. The truth is painful to hear. I know that I’m very critical of myself and I am able to accept it from myself. By nature, we as individuals aren’t as accepting to listen to someone else tell us that we have a problem or that we are the problem. Sometimes listening to someone tell you that you have a problem can really throw you off your game. In your mind, you are thinking…yeah right, I don’t have a problem, tssk tssk, what are you talking about? Your natural instinct is to disagree and get defensive, maybe your eyes twitch, your heart beats really fast and you break out in a sweat, whatever it is…you likely deny that you have a problem. Philosophers call this self deception, being in the box where you resist any suggestion that there is a problem. Self deception is most common in organizations and is the most damaging. Others looking at you give you a different perspective of yourself. You yourself may never see that there are any issues. When we aren’t recognizing there is a problem, we tend to be blind to the truth. If we are close minded in acknowledging there is a problem, any approach to find a solution will make matters worse. Self deception is so fundamental to leadership because leadership is about making matters better. We undermine our leadership at every aspect if we perceive that we are never the problem...
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...Delivering Deception (A Discussion of the Deception Existing in Macbeth Act 1 & Act 2) Shakespeare wrote many plays in his lifetime and his style varied in many of them. There are at least thirty seven plays that have proved to be written by Shakespeare. In Macbeth, there are many different interesting aspects that secretly hid between the lines. To be able to detect these lines, one has to analyze what Shakespeare was wanting to occur on stage and read the tension between characters as well as assume other moods and thoughts. The play of Macbeth has many occurrences of deception within the flowing lines of many characters. To begin, Shakespeare’s Macbeth demonstrates its first taste of deception when the King speaks of Macbeth after naming him Thane of Cowdor. The King was very proud of Macbeth for the victory he had in the battle for his country and he was excited to name him the new Thane of Cowdor. However, he was unware of the information that Macbeth just received notifying him that he will end up killing Duncan to take over the thrown. Of course...
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...The art of tricking or deceiving, is defined by the word deception. In the short story "The Open Window" by H. H. Munro, the theme of deception is demonstrated perfectly through the character of Mrs. Sappleton's niece. She has an impressive talent of getting people to believe what she tells them and then using it to scare people off, just as she did with Framton Nuttel. The author does an incredible job of developing the characters point of view and even deceiving the reader until the very end of the story. He does this by staying vague, creating a conversational scene before Mr. Nuttel meets Mrs. Sappleton, and finally by building the character of the niece. To start, the short story starts in the middle of an activity, making the reader infer the situation. By keeping it vague, the author now has the reader in a vulnerable position to present the developing plot of the story. There is a man who has recently moved in to the area and being a new comer, is trying to meet people to make...
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...One would assume that each person will have a unique method as to how they are engaging in self-deception, thereby creating multiple methods, however, there are only two different routes to this deception; intention and motivation (Nelkin, 2002). Those who follow the intentionalist view argue that an intention to deceive oneself is necessary, whereas those who follow the motivationalist view argue that a desire is all that is needed to be deceived (Nelkin, 2002). For example, a student attempting to convince himself that he does not need to study for a final, because he attended all the classes and read all the chapters, is falling under the intentionalist view. This student knows deep down that in order to do well he will need to study, however, he has the intention to convince himself not to study therefore categorizing him as an intentionalist. An example of the motivationalist view is as follows; a woman is in a bad relationship and wants to believe that her partner will change. This woman knows that her partner will not change, however, she continues to work on their relationship, in hopes of change, which shows a desire to deceive herself into viewing only the positive aspects of this relationship....
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...Independent Reading Project Analysis Paper: Manipulation and Deception in Ender’s Game 2 major and reoccurring themes throughout Ender’s Game is manipulation and deception. Much of this novel is about how adults manipulate Ender into fulfilling their needs. They trick him, lie to him, and tell him just enough so that he can defeat the buggers. Ender pretty much sums this up when he says, “I've spent my life as someone's pawn" (Pg. 97). On one hand, it seems wrong to lie to and cheat a kid. On the other hand, the adults manipulate him to ensure the survival of the human race. Besides the manipulative relationship between the adults and Ender, there are a number of other relationships full of manipulation: Peter manipulates Valentine, Peter and Valentine manipulate the world, and Ender manipulates many other kids throughout the book. Manipulation may sounds negative, but it gets the job done. Deception can involve being tricked by others, or tricking one's self. In Ender’s Game, trickery and false promises are parts of both games and deadly conflicts. Deception can be used to hurt or protect, depending on the intention of the deceptor. In Ender's Game, deception plays many roles. The main use of deception is the adults versus the children. Early on in the novel, it is clear that Ender already realizes adults lie when the subject of the monitor being removed is discussed. The adults are also deceptive when they remove the monitor and allow Ender to think he was not accepted into...
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...Lying. Deception. Deceit. These words sum up what everyone experiences on a daily basis, as people lie in order to protect their relationships and get through the day. While this sin is commonly committed by everyone, it can be detrimental when committed by those who are idolized in society and have influence over others. In A Streetcar Named Desire, Tennessee Williams, the author, incorporates symbols and imagery to demonstrate Blanche's and Stanley's inability to always tell the unadulterated truth. However, he exemplifies that deception is dangerous when committed by those who influence and have control of other people's lives, such as Stanley. In Scene 4, Stella flashes back to her "wedding night" when Stanley "snatched off one of [her] slippers and rushed about the place smashing the light-bulbs with it." (Williams, 97) Here, Williams utilized the "light-bulbs" as a symbol for truth, challenging the reader to assume that Stanley's desire for darkness was, in fact, a hint at his complacency for deception. Williams furthers this insinuation when Stanley reminded Stella of the "colored...
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...In the comedic play, Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare, deception, love, quarrel, and death can be seen throughout the whole play. In this play, a company of warriors who are revered as valiant heroes come to Messina to celebrate their victory with the Noble, Leonato, and his family, Hero, Beatrice, and many others. This company is made up of the Prince, Don Pedro, his illegitimate brother, Don John, two Counts, Claudio and Benedick, and various other men. Once they arrive in Messina, they are happily welcomed, and as soon as Claudio set his eyes on Hero, he had fallen in love, but, devastatingly, his love was thwarted by Don John's ruse to deceive both him and the Prince. This is but one instance of how deception is used in this comedic play to contribute to the overall plot, thus through the use of deception in this play such as the scenes where Beatrice and Benedick were fooled, Claudio and Don Pedro were deceived, and everyone was tricked, the theme that deception is not inherently evil, but can be used as a means to an end is illuminated. To begin with, the theme is illustrated at various...
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...Understanding Self-Deception The Arbinger Institute presents a creative narrative to illustrate the potential we all have for self-betrayal; acting toward others in ways incongruent with what we know to be ethical and proper. Once embarking on the path of self-betrayal, the authors suggest the resulting actions and responses of both parties tend to be self-fulfilling resulting in ever increasing frustration, guilt and justification. Much like a live microphone placed in front of its own speaker, an emotional loop or limbic resonance (Goleman, Boyatzis, and McKee, 2002, p. 48) develops, amplifying previously unnoticed static into ear-piercing and unavoidable problems. Over time, one’s perspective becomes distorted; viewing people and circumstances through a tinted lens. Paul describes this human disorder as a man attempting to view the world through the reflection of a dirty mirror (1 Corinthians 13:12). Therefore, his actions, products of this blurred reality, are confused; providing others with the justification for responding out of their own distorted reality. Each party offers the other every reason to continue mistrusting and misinterpreting one another. A Biblical Example of Self-Deception Although the book advocates...
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...Placebos and Nocebos With and Without Deception and their Effect on Cognitive Performance NAME University of Sydney Abstract Past research has produced conflicting conclusions about the effectiveness placebos with and without deception. It has been argued that, although placebos sometimes appear to be more effective with deceptive administration, it is not an ethical way to carry out research or provide treatment. This study aimed to determine whether a significant placebo effect could be achieved through deceptive as well as open administration. Cognitive performance was measured and results were collected for both positive and negative outcomes. The 512 participants were given different instructions and suggestions about the placebo (or nocebo) and then asked to sniff an odour while completing a visual search task. Results indicated that both placebos and nocebos require deception to have a significant effect. Groups with open administration did not show significant effects. It was also shown that odour did not have an effect on performance. Further research is needed to investigate different ways to introduce a placebo to patients, for example, alternative wording in instructions and suggestions. Placebos and Nocebos With and Without Deception and their Effect on Cognitive Performance Many researchers have been interested in determining the most effective and ethical way to administer a placebo. The placebo...
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...leads to their death after everything has been lost. Othello is a prime example of this Shakespearian story line, where we see everything Othello has at the start of the story fall to pieces and end in tragedy with the character’s suicide. Jealousy and deception are central themes in many of Shakespeare’s plays, and are often what leads to the hero’s downfall. There are a number of key scenes in Othello that represent these themes of jealousy, deception and tragedy throughout the play. In Act 2 Scene 3 Iago uses different techniques in order to deceive Othello and change his opinions of Cassio. Iago says: ‘I would rather have this tongue cut from my mouth, then it should do offense to Michael Cassio.’ Iago is setting up his later deception, as he is tricking Othello into thinking that he likes Cassio and would never speak ill of him, which enables him to seem more believable when he later deceives Othello about Desdemona’s affair. This deception is confirmed when Othello says ‘I know Iago, thy honesty, and love doth mince this matter, making it light to Cassio.’ Othello is suggesting that Iago may not tell the whole truth as he wants to protect Cassio. This is ironic as Iago is actually wanting to do the opposite, and his deception has worked better than he expected. This highlights a weakness in Othello which is that he feels like an outcast because of his race, and he is easily deceived as he is too trustworthy and this is what leads to his eventual downfall. Act 3 Scene...
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...How does Goldsmith use disguise and deception to create comic situations in ‘She Stoops to Conquer’? To what extent can we sympathise with the victims of deceit? In ‘She Stoops to Conquer’; Goldsmith uses disguise and deception in order to create comic situations which arise via the use of dramatic irony. Amusement is often gained as a result of the misfortune at others, as they are deceived. There are therefore, victims of deceit within the play, but as they are often victims of their own arrogance, it is difficult to sympathise with the victims in most cases. In order for the disguise and deception to be believable from the audience’s point of view, Goldsmith uses dialogues between the characters to insert small hints to make credible the acts of disguise and deception. The first use of this seen in the first scene of the first act, where Mrs Hardcastle suggests that their house ‘looks for all the world like an inn.’ This helps to justify the Marlow and Hastings believing that the Hardcastles house is an inn. Comedy arises from this, as due to the fact that Marlow and Hastings Believe Hardcastle’s house to be an inn, when conversing with Him they treat him like an innkeeper of a lower class than them. This is amusing, as the audience knows that he is the man whose daughter Marlow wishes to court, and Marlow is positively rude to him. The first time this is seen to happen is when Marlow and Hasting arrive at Hardcastle’s house, or to their knowledge, an Inn (Dramatic irony...
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...“The interrogation is critical to any criminal investigation. A suspect might lie or tell the truth, they may be innocent or guilty. Interrogation is a high stakes game. Too much pressure and an innocent person might confess to a crime they didn’t commit.” National Geographic’s “Nothing but the Truth” This is a concept held by many to be the ultimate goal of interrogation. But, from research, deception is a common technique used by interrogators against the accused. In the Oxford Dictionary deceive is defined as deliberately causing someone to believe something that is not true, especially for personal gain. It is said to bring out the truth by using a lie, but is it really ethical? There are three types of false confessions: Voluntary false confessions are made without external pressure. Compliant false confessions happen when a suspect confesses to the crime just to get out of the interrogative situation. Internalised false confessions occur when the accused starts believing that they have committed the crime. In a criminal case documented by National Geographic’s, in 1988 a 12 year old girl was killed and police believed her 14 year old brother had killed her. The detective told him if he did not confess he would be tried as an adult and if he confessed he would get help. This was a lie. The detectives in a 10 hour interrogation finally led to him confessing to the crime. Luckily, DNA later revealed that he was innocent. There is a misconception amongst arrogant...
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