...Neocolonialism Essay Sociology of Developing Countries Professor: Nanette Baily By: Brandi Powell Due: 11/27/2011 Introduction Neocolonialism is the practice of using capitalism, globalization, and cultural forces to control a country (usually former European colonies in Africa or Asia) in lieu of direct military or political control. Such control can be economic, cultural, or linguistic; by promoting one's own culture, language or media in the colony, corporations embedded in that culture can then make greater headway in opening the markets in those countries. Thus, neocolonialism would be the end result of relatively benign business interests leading to deleterious cultural effects. Neocolonialism describes certain economic operations at the international level which have alleged similarities to the traditional colonialism of the 16th to the 20th centuries. The contention is that governments have aimed to control other nations through indirect means; that in lieu of direct military-political control, neocolonialist powers employ economic, financial, and trade policies to dominate less powerful countries. Those who subscribe to the concept maintain these amounts to a de facto control over targeted nations. What are the social phenomena neocolonialism? It is a set of political, economic, social and colonial arrangements or systems which continue to exist in a society, managed and controlled by little local property-ruling class on behalf of their...
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...Oxfam has three main focus points: Development work, which tries to lift communities out of poverty, humanitarian work, assisting those affected by conflict and natural disasters, and lobbyism, which will contribute to try to affect policy decisions on national, and international levels. The United Kingdom is the sixth richest country in world, yet 1 in 5 of the UK population struggle to afford even the most essential of goods: food. Oxfam believes that everyone should have enough money to feed themselves and their family without relying on charity. Together with Trussel Trust foodbank network, which is a non-governmental organization and a partner of Oxfam who work with charity, they have helped approximately 2 million families in crisis across the United Kingdom. But Oxfam believes that food banks aren’t the solution by themselves, therefore Oxfam works in some of the poorest communities in the UK. In these communities voluntaries helps the parents of primary school children, build confidence, educate them, and most important help children get the best possible start in life. Oxfam has over 1200 second-hand shops worldwide, which sell any thing donated items. around 750 of the the stores are located in the UK, around 100 of them are specialist shops which specialize in books, furniture, bridal wear and music. Oxfam was confirmed as the largest retailer of second-hand books in Europe selling approximately 12 million per year. In the year of 2008 they did raise £17,1...
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...Decolonization of Africa 1. Pre-WWI Africa was being colonized at this time. 2. WWI and Interwar * Africa came under Euro control in decades before WWI * Missionary efforts small groups of Western-educated Africans * Educated Africans loyal to Britain and France during WWI * British and French able to draw on their African colonies for soldiers and materials throughout the war * Local rebellions in Africa * Shipping shortages and sudden decline in demands for crops like cocoa * Africans not happy to go hungry so that armies could be fed * War taught Africans to kill white people * Broken promises- Better jobs and public honors not given to young Africans who fought in the war * Protests intensified, especially during G. Depression * Nationalist merchants began to organize under leaders like Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. DuBois * Led conferences that stirred anticolonial feelings among educated Africans * Well-educated Africans represented in French parliament * French-speaking Africans concentrated their organizational and ideological efforts in Paris with the negrtitude movement * African societies celebrated * Western-educated Africans in British territories were given greater opportunities in Africa itself * African leaders formed relationships with nationalists of other British colonies * Granted some representation in colonial advisory councils by British * Emphasis on colony specific mobilization ...
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...Screening and Decolonization of MRSA in the Preoperative Patient Suzanne Miller Aspen University HUM410 Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism responsible for surgical site infections. The colonization of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been identified as a significant risk factor for patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, putting this patient at a higher risk of developing a surgical site infection. Screening preoperatively and treating colonization is a tool to aid in the prevention of surgical site infections in patients undergoing elective joint surgery. Results of various studies of patients undergoing elective joint replacement surgery have been reviewed. A nasal swab was obtained and cultured during preadmission testing. If the culture showed that the patient was positive for MRSA colonization they were treated with nasal mupirocin. They also were instructed to bathe with surgical wipes containing chlorhexidine prior to the procedure. The results of the research suggest that the use of a screening protocol prior to surgery can decrease the risk of MRSA in the postoperative patient. Table of Contents 1. Literature Review........................................................................................................................4 2. Discussion....................................................................................................................................7 3. Conclusion................
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...Does Nationalism within the Colonies provide a sufficient explanation for the downfall of the European Empires after the Second World War? Discuss in relation to the Theories of Decolonization that you have learnt about using examples. Beginning with Britain’s American colonies in 1783 and ending with the handover of Hong Kong, more than 160 colonial dependencies have become new independent states or have been fully incorporated into existing sovereign states. This notion of ‘decolonization’ was first coined in the 1930’s by Moritz Julius Bonn a leading economic expert of Weimar Germany. He believed decolonization to be the ‘transition from colonial dependency to sovereignty.’ John Springhall, supports this notion and suggests himself that “Decolonization signifies here the surrender of external political sovereignty, largely western European, over colonized non-European peoples, plus the emergence of independent territories where once West had ruled, or the transfer of power from empire to nation-state.” However, historians are yet to acquire an agreed definition of decolonization and so is often interpreted differently. For example, John Darwin suggests that “decolonization is often equated with the end of colonial rule, but this is much too narrow.” He continues to critically analysis it as the “demolition of a Europe-centred imperial order in which territorial empire was interlocked with extra-territorial rights.” This essay will aim to provide evidence that nationalism...
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...2012-2013 Decolonization and Independence Lesson Plan Dates: Essential and Guiding Questions: 1. Why is it important to develop an appreciation of other cultures? 2. How does religion impact the development of cultures? 3. How has the process of “modernization” affected Africa? 4. How has conflict affected Africa? 5. How do the cultures of sub-Saharan Africa impact the global community? 6. What are the core beliefs of Animism? 7. How have Animist beliefs affected sub-Saharan Africa? 8. What events, figures, and processes impacted Africa from imperialism through independence? 9. What issues currently affect Africa? 10. What internal conflicts have shaped the development of Africa? 11. What factors influence Africa’s position in the global community? Textbook Pages: * Nationalism in Africa: pgs 828-830 * Independence in Africa: pgs 986-995 Lesson: Day One: 1. Quiet Question: Type Two Prompt---You are to choose ONE political cartoon from the following six to examine and respond to. Reflection Questions: a) What is the cartoonist’s point about imperialism? How do you know this? b) Provide a minimum of THREE different examples or reasons from your imperialism notes that support the cartoonist’s point. Caption: “Thus colonize the English” 2. Pair-Share: Turn to your partner and share your political cartoon analysis. Make notes next to the different cartoons. Then with your partner, answer this...
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...Wash in gt on St ate Mo del Unit ed Nati ons 2 007 Dear Delegates, Welcome to the fourth GA committee, Special Political and Decolonization. My name is Kristina Mader and I will be your chair. I am junior majoring in Political Science at Western Washington University. My concentration is on the barriers to participation by women in politics, especially in societies that are rebuilding or developing. This is my 7th year participating in MUN conferences, and my third as staff at WASMUN. I’m looking forward to meeting you all and chairing a committee that has so much depth and scope in its topics! The following background guide is meant to serve as a general guide to the issues on our agenda. Your research should not only involve reading the background guide, but should also focus on an in-depth analysis of the history and debates which concern the regions in question. If delegates have any questions concerning the committee, topics or background guides, feel free to contact me at maderk@cc.wwu.edu. I look forward to seeing you in March! Sincerely, Kristina Mader Chair, Special Political & Decolonization WASMUN 2007 Copyright © Washington State Model United Nations 2006-2007 Page 1 of 14 Wash in gt on St ate Mo del Unit ed Nati ons 2 007 History of the Committee At the advent of the United Nations, a system of committees was set up to deal with the many diverse issues before the General Assembly. The First Committee, Disarmament and International Security, was formed to deal...
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...While all struggles for political independence may involve both violent and non-violent techniques there is no genuine decolonization that has occurred without any form of violence. Decolonization refers to the indigenous people rising up against their colonial power and acquiring political independence. Frantz Fanon and Mahatma Gandhi were each thinkers who have influenced national freedom movements (decolonization) with their views on the ethics of violence and non-violence. As a psychiatrist, philosopher and ambassador in the Caribbean, Fanon became concerned with the cultural consequences of decolonization. In many ways Fanon’s thoughts followed a Marxist mentality in contrast, however; Fanon argued that struggle does not occur between...
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...Decolonization Native American decolinization according to Taiaiake Alfred is, “the mechanics of removing ourselves from direct state control and the legal and political struggle to gain recognition of an indigenous governing authority(Alfred pg3).” The goal of this is to find a suitable version of Native self government. Alfred writes that the hope for this system is that is will represent the cultural values of the Indian Nations. While, the great fear is that the system adopted will only mirror non-indigenous systems.(Alfred pg3) Across of the process of decolonization, native political leaders have strayed from keeping with traditions and instead catered more towards western values. Taiaiake Alfred writes,“ They ignore the basic traditional teaching that just as we must respect and honour our songs, ceremonies, and dances, so too we must honour the institutions that in the past governed social and political relations among our people, because they are equally part of the sacred core of our nation's(Alfred pg4).” In order for a true process of decolonization to occur all aspects of indigenous tradition, culture and government, must be respected.(Alfred pg4) A major obstacle that stands in the way of decolonization is among Indigenous people themselves. Different people have different opinions on what is good and what's bad about tradition. A inability to come to an agreed form of decolonization is an internal struggle that nations face. (Alfred pg4) ...
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...Things Fall Apart “As a young man of eighteen he had brought honour to his village by throwing Amalinze the Cat.” (Page 3) From the very beginning of the novel the author sets the violent tone. In this brief paper I will bring an article and parts of the novel together to explain a common ground in colonization, which involves violets’. Using, Achebe’s “Things Fall Apart” and Fanon’s ideas, The Wretched of the Earth I will bring two powerful pieces together to explain colonization. Many of the characters suffer from fear of some sort. Okonkwo who is the novel’s protagonist fears becoming like his lazy, shameful father. “He (Okonkwo) was not afraid of war. He was a man of action, a man of war. Unlike his father he could stand the look of blood. In Umuofia’s latest war he was the first to bring home a human head.”(Page 8) Also, Reputation is extremely important to the men in the novel as well. The ankle bracelets men wear that signify the number of titles they have earned publicly denote personal reputation. Reputation is based on merit; men gain reputation through bravery in battle, skill at wrestling, and hard work as seen through the size of their yam harvest. Reputation earns men positions of power and influence in the community as well as numerous wives. Okonkwo is extremely concerned with reputation because he grew up with a father who was shameful and lazy which I stated before. “For showing matchless courage and prowess on the battlefield, Ezeudu is revered...
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...Governments assimilation policies. Throughout this paper I will discuss how the Indian Act, the Canadian Residential School System, and the Sixties Scoop assimilated Aboriginal peoples into a European way of life, by attempting to integrate them into society by abolishing their Aboriginal identities. This assimilation process impacted Aboriginal peoples in negative ways throughout the generations socially, culturally, and economically. The negative impacts within child welfare system, educational institutions, and the socio-economic status of Aboriginal peoples today, prove assimilation and the total integration of Aboriginal peoples within mainstream society is unacceptable. Decolonization techniques should be applied within those areas in order combat the long lasting effects of assimilation by colonization. Decolonization will also help enable Aboriginal peoples to regain a cultural identity. The 1876 Indian Act was created as a way to control and assimilate Aboriginal peoples. “The Indian Act, by itself, was simply a tool used by the Government of Canada to exercise near-total control over First Nations people.” (Coates, 2008, p. 4)The Indian Act decided who was...
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...fractured both short term and long term, leading up to the civil war of 1992. I say with great emphasis that it is more difficult to govern a government that is faces post-revolutionary crisis than it is to overthrow an entire establishment. Such is proven in the wake of Algeria's revolution in the 1950s which has left an estimated 700,000 dead, and thousands more scarred physically and psychologically. Both sides of the battle, the Algiers and the French paratroopers, used merciless guerrilla tactics and torture against its own people.[1] Algeria continued however to struggle with civilian casualties. Among those the “Berber people at the hands various factions of insurgents, and was successful for a while”[2]. It is my assertion that decolonization France did not grant formal eminent rule, nor did it administer political order and help cultivate Algeria peacefully as a nation. The question remains however, would Algeria have succeeded long term as a nation under French rule? One can argue that Algerian ties to advanced French culture, language, medicine, technological advancement and western culture would have left Algerians in a much better conditions than the alternatives of the ensuing regimes that have depleted French roots in the country. In light of...
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...Muslim culture was Timbuktu. Some notable pre-colonial states and societies in Africa include the Nok culture, Mali Empire, Ashanti Empire, Kingdom of Mapungubwe, Kingdom of Sine, Kingdom of Saloum, Kingdom of Baol, Kingdom of Zimbabwe, Kingdom of Kongo, Ancient Carthage, Numidia, Mauretania, theAksumite Empire, the Ajuuraan State and the Adal Sultanate. From the late 15th century, Europeans and Arabs took slaves from West, Central and Southeast Africa overseas in the African slave trade.[2] European colonization of Africa developed rapidly in the Scramble for Africaof the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Following struggles for independence in many parts of the continent, as well as a weakened Europe after the Second World War, decolonization took place. Africa's history has been challenging for researchers in the field of African studies because of the scarcity of written sources in large parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Scholarly techniques such as the recording of oral history, historical linguistics, archaeology and genetics have been crucial. The history of Africa begins with the prehistory of Africa and the emergence of Homo sapiens in East Africa, continuing into the present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing nation states. Some early evidence of agriculture in Africa dates from 16,000 BCE,[1] and...
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...In the last part the author gives his/her opinion on how the Canadian courts can efficiently devote to decolonization by using “central principles”, these principles would include the colonial interests as far as by the states legal system and their judges, also how the court will experience an epiphany creating a lot of emotion and discomfort through the Indigenous storytelling within the Canadian court system. The author shows many ways of supporting why indigenous storytelling in courts should be used in the Canadian legal court system through colonial legal violence, the competing conception of law, restoring history through narrative, and the role of Canadian law in decolonization. First the author supports the reason of making the Canadian courts involve indigenous storytelling through colonial violence. Manley-Casimir speaks of how many theorists have distinguished the violence fundamental in the state legal systems. Similarly she states that indigenous theorists conjointly...
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...privilege play. Thus, to be an ally I must be aware of my power and privilege. Therefore, although I am susceptible to oppression based on my gender my physical appearance places me socially within a role of privilege and power. To be an effective ally, this is an important aspect. Although, if I am not participating in critical and self-reflection as outlined above, then I am not engaging in an anti-oppressive practice. In fact, I may do the polar opposite and engage in oppressive practice placing labels, focusing on problems and consequently creating groups with different levels of power and privilege. However, it was not until module 5, colonization and decolonization that I really understood my social location. It was during the completion of our final assignment for this module that I realized to support and conquer decolonization, I must use this social location within Canadian society as a tool. Without, personal location and reflection I cannot cross the bridge to gain access to the other side for myself, let alone with others. If I do not engage in critical and self-reflection daily I cannot identify the various intersections which create different experiences for us all. Through reflection comes awareness for ourselves and those around us. For me, these have been some of the most influential and important learnings which combined, begin the creation of my personal practice. I have attached a youtube video shared with us in Module 1. This video portrays such a powerful...
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