...Health care for all is a major topic that affects the nonworking and working groups in this country. As I was doing my research on the topic I came across many interesting arguments and counterarguments that has a lot of relevance. One of the topic talks about is that nobody should get free health care benefits and it should only be provided to people who can afford it. And the counter argument states that health care should be considered as a basic need like food and water. Everybody should have equal opportunity to have access to health care it doesn’t matter the rich or the poor. “The principle or value of utilitarianism and its rule is: “Act in such a way that you maximize the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.” (Parks & Wike, 2010, p. 7) So bringing health care to all concept is revolved around the theory of utilitarianism because it brings greater good to a lot of people. There is also arguments that people can abuse the free health care system. And I found that the counter argument is stronger because they lists ways in which that can be avoided. For instance to prevent the over abuse there can be a small deductable or copay that people have to pay to receive treatment. There is also the fear of being not being able to use the same provider but the counter argument says that under the health care for all there won’t be any provider restrictions because it is equal care. Reference: Parks, J. A. & Wike, V. S. (2010). Bioethics in...
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...Counter Argument & Refutation * What’s a Counter Argument? It is when you recognize the other side of the debate in order to strengthen your own argument. In other words, it’s the thesis making the OPPOSITE (aka: counter) point. * What’s a Refutation? Refute means to prove wrong. Refutations saying why the counter argument is wrong (or not as right as your thesis). Sample Counter Argument and Refutation ------------------------------------------------- Argument: Human Trafficking is a major problem in the world today. We can all help to end this problem by avoiding the purchase of products made by slaves. For example, I will challenge my audience to exclusively purchase fair-trade chocolate and boycott all chocolate producers that cannot guarantee their products are slave-free. ------------------------------------------------- Counter-argument: One person is not enough to make a difference. Changing my personal purchasing habits will not be enough to affect the profits of major companies. Thus, there is no reason for me to pay more for my chocolate since it won’t make a difference. ------------------------------------------------- Refutation: While it is true that one individual alone will only have a minor impact on the profits of major chocolate companies, we should never underestimate the power of an individual. Your purchases make only a small difference, but they still make a difference. Furthermore, we cannot forget the impact our actions...
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...Famine, Affluence, and Morality PHI208 Daniel Beteta March 25, 2013 Famine, Affluence, and Morality Giving to charity usually is viewed as a generous act, most people who give to charitable causes are held in high regard and thought of as good people, the question peter singer is asking us to consider in the article “Famine, Affluence, and Morality” is where is the moral grey area between charity and obligation when it comes to giving up what we have for others. Who in society decides what is good but not wrong to not do as charity is considered. I can achieve this by looking at Singers arguments, counterarguments and concept of marginal utility while comparing how duty and charity change in the article. The article opens by detailing the famine East Bengal is experiencing in 1971 in details and lists the causes of the Famine, and the number of refugees that amounts to roughly 9 million. Then he lists the affluent nations who are doing basically nothing to help these people, the citizens are not donating or protesting and the governments even if giving to the relief are not doing enough. “Generally speaking, people have not given large sums to relief funds; they have not written to their parliamentary representatives demanding increased government assistance; they have not demonstrated in the streets, held symbolic fasts, or done anything else directed toward providing there refugees with the means to satisfy their essential needs.”(Singer, 1972) From the start his...
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...Commonplaces Folder One objective of the AP Language class is to help students become informed, critical citizens. You are therefore expected to take up mature, well-reasoned and supported positions in your writing. In order to do this it is crucial that one become aware of opposing viewpoints on any given topic, acknowledging their respective merits and noting their respective drawbacks, always keeping an open mind and allowing your position to shift and gain nuance . Classically, an argument is not considered complete until the opposing positions are discussed, conceded to, and possibly refuted. In your Commonplaces Folder, you will gather articles that participate in arguments relevant to informed, democratic citizens. This ongoing collection will provide material, background knowledge, and perspective on current events, an essential for the AP exam, and to a functioning democracy. Each entry will consist of: 1) A hard copy of the article/column, no more than two months old, and at least two pages (Times New Roman, 12 pt, single spaced). It cannot be a straight news story. It must be taking on a current topic that is of some importance locally, nationally, or globally and address opposing viewpoints. Feature and op-ed articles are a good place to look. 2) An objective summary paragraph that clearly articulates the articles main points. The topic sentence should include the title, author, and source. Is the article taking up one position or discussing multiple...
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...Argumentative Essay The Aim : * To convince or persuade the reader * To change the reader’s mind and convince the reader to agree with the point of view or claim o the writer. So an argumentative essay needs to be highly persuasive and logical. The Generic Structure : * Argumentation The act or process of forming reasons, drawing conclusions, and applying them to a case in discussion. * Refutation The process of discrediting the arguments that oppose your thesis statement * Proponent Someone who argues in favor of something; advocate * Opponent A person who disagrees with something and speaks agains it * Counter Argument Point or statement in opposition to the argument being made in a written documentor speech * Pro Argument Point or statement that supports one’s ideas and/or thesis Goal of Argumentative Essay * Present an opinion on a controversial topic to the reader; * Explain, clarify and illustrate that opinion; * Persuade the reader that the opinion supported in the essay is valid by : a. Moving the reader to action; b. Convincing the reader that the opinions is correct, or c. Persuading the reader that the o[onion is at least worth considering; * Support the opinion by means of giving evidence: facts, examples, physical description, support of authority, and statistics; * Present counter arguments to the thesis and refute them respectfully and critically. The procedure to make an Argumentative...
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...Storytelling This week’s reading on presentations was very insightful and provided tips and suggestions for all aspects of the process; from planning and practicing, to actually presenting. The text offered several strategies for effectively preparing and delivering a presentation in a way that is not only informative, but also engaging for the audience. It is interesting to note that modern methods of presenting have evolved from the ancient Greeks and many of the same tools are used today including rhetorical devices as well as structure of the presentation. The Greeks way of presenting focuses on telling a story and keeping the audience engaged. They rejected the conventional format of an introduction – tell your audience, what you’re going to say, then say it – and incorporated a more personal approach which suggests; talking about the audience, talking about a previous speaker, talking about an event, talking about a moment in history, talking about a place, or talking about a point in the speech. The second part of the speech is the narrative, which the Greeks viewed as opportunity to present information in the form of a story. Next the argument and refutation allows the speaker to present key points as well as refute counterpoints. The Greeks used the conclusion to appeal to the audience for approval as well as present a plan of action as opposed to summarizing what had just been said. Chapter 8, Show Time, is particularly effective and explores various factors...
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...I. INTRODUCTION A. A U.S. Department of Health and Human Services study found that students who did not participate in athletics were 57% more likely to have dropped out of high school by their senior year, 49% more likely to have used drugs, 37% more likely to have become teen parents, 35% more likely to have smoked cigarettes, and 27% more likely to have been arrested. B. I am convinced that playing sports is one the most effective ways of keeping teens out of trouble and help guide them to a better future. C. I started playing sports when I was 5 years old. It has taught me valuable lessons and helped me grow as a person. I know for certain that sports helps to keep teens occupied and less likely to get in trouble. D. First I will focus on the fact that teens who participate in sports tend to be healthier than teens that do not. Next, I will examine how sports help to build self-confidence and leadership skills. Finally, I will refute the main argument that sports does not help keep teens out of trouble. II. Body Playing sports can help to improve the general health of teens. 1. First piece of evidence that supports Argument #1 i. In a study conducted by the President’s Council on Fitness, Sports & Nutrition published in 2013, statistics found that ii. Over 12.5 million of American children and adolescents suffer from obesity. iii. This statistics proves that most teens do not get enough daily exercise. 2. Second...
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...Oh Rapunzel, let down your hair! (you coming blondie?) Now it’s time to leave your tower to explore the world of body paragraphs! This is the most important part as it makes up the bulk of your essays. Call it a journey to the floating lights! Tip: For all body paragraphs of the three types of essays, you have to cite your sources/evidence. You can do that by putting quotation marks or citing the author or source’s name somewhere in the body paragraph. Body paragraphs for Rhetorical Analysis: Body paragraph 1 and 2 should include a topic sentence followed by a piece of evidence, in this case, a cited quote. After inserting the piece of evidence, you should explain what rhetorical strategy or technique the author uses in that specific example. Once you’re done with that, you should evaluate the example and explain how it affects the writer’s appeal to the audience. Though not mandatory, it’s encouraged for you to find a good way to end the paragraph. For instance, you can add a sentence that leads to the next paragraph. Example: To continue on, in his farewell speech, President Obama states that if he had mentioned some of his accomplishments like “marriage equality, universal healthcare, employment rises, and the assassination of Osama Bin Laden” (2) as goals to the American public 8 years ago, at the time he ran for president, some might think that the goals would be “set a little too high.” By doing this, Obama makes himself and his presidency seem more credible and better...
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...Are we right or Are we wrong? Erie Griffin PHI 200 Mind and Machine Instructor: Eszter Barra-Johnson January 5, 2013 Abstract This paper observes how self-indulgence, moral norms and unconscious choices affect third world countries inability to provide an adequate amount of food, medical care and sheltering. Peter Singer suggests different arguments that he believes should reduce the lack thereof in certain areas of the world. He counter argues the issues that were address in the article providing detail information of why there are considered invalid. However, Singer demands change from individuals who are not willingly to adapt to the new principle of producing wealthy and profitable countries. Explain Singer’s goal in this article, and then present his argument in relation to this issue. Zarri stated, (as cited in Singer, 207, p.505) that Singer’s goal in “Famine, Affluence and Morality” is to present the argument that individuals who live in affluent counties should drastically change their views of life and their notion of principles so that they will develop a form of loyalty to helping assisting those who reside in third world countries” (Zarri 2012),. He began his argument by focusing on the deprivation issue Bengal had in 1971, where people were dying from starvation, proper sheltering and limited medical care. According to Singer (1972), he constitutes his argument with two principles: “Suffering and death from lack of food, shelter, and medical care are...
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...drive home the basic need for power and morality. When Sanger refers to the opposition to birth control she refers to them as "this group is diseased, feeble-minded, and is of the pauper element dependent entirely upon the normal and fit members of society for their support." Her vivid imagery evokes not only emotion, but the need for aggressive action. One way that the speaker addressers arguments and counterarguments is when she brings about the point of the two sexes "mixing together”. Sanger brings about the point that opponent to birth control are the same people that were opposed to women working outside the home and mixing with the opposite sex. Margaret Sanger does an excellent job of pointing out that these same people have no objection to women meeting with members of the opposite sex to attend church. What Sanger accomplishes with this counterargument is show that there is a double standard involved in allowing women freedom and that if women are able to successfully handle other important decisions, they most certainly are able to handle the...
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...Argument Essay #1 Overview For this assignment, you will be preparing your argument by: * Reviewing your graded Exercise 2.8 submission * Highlighting and annotating Gerald Jones’s essay * Reading John Leo’s essay and other essays in Chapter 2 of Practical Argument on violence in the media * Reading the essays in They Say/I Say in the section, “Is pop culture actually good for you” * Researching this topic using Opposing Viewpoints and Issues and Controversies After these invention strategies, you will begin writing your essay demonstrating: * A thesis * Other voices * Evidence * Refutation * Conclusion The Assignment Review your graded Exercise 2.8 that you submitted last week. Transform that one paragraph into a more fully developed critical response to Gerald Jones’s essay on pages 58-61. Critically review the highlighting and annotations for “When Life Imitates Video” on pages 65-67 and create your own highlighting and annotating for Gerald Jones’s essay using this strategy to support you in engaging more fully with the content. This type of review provides a close read of the essay. Furthermore, bring in the voices of others to refute and to support your position. Consider using John Leo’s essay, “When Life Imitates Video” as well as the other articles in Chapter 2 pertaining to violence in videos. Also bring in the voices from They Say/I Say “Is pop culture actually good for you?” on pages 275-388. You may also use other...
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...Famine, Affluence, and Morality Giving to charity usually is viewed as a generous act, most people who give to charitable causes are held in high regard and thought of as good people, the question peter singer is asking us to consider in the article “Famine, Affluence, and Morality” is where is the moral grey area between charity and obligation when it comes to giving up what we have for others. Who in society decides what is good but not wrong to not do as charity is considered. I can achieve this by looking at Singers arguments, counterarguments and concept of marginal utility while comparing how duty and charity change in the article. The article opens by detailing the famine East Bengal is experiencing in 1971 in details and lists the causes of the Famine, and the number of refugees that amounts to roughly 9 million. Then he lists the affluent nations who are doing basically nothing to help these people, the citizens are not donating or protesting and the governments even if giving to the relief are not doing enough. “Generally speaking, people have not given large sums to relief funds; they have not written to their parliamentary representatives demanding increased government assistance; they have not demonstrated in the streets, held symbolic fasts, or done anything else directed toward providing there refugees with the means to satisfy their essential needs.”(Singer, 1972) From the start his first argument is that of the drowning child, he states that if he sees a...
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...Dinosaurs and the Bible There is widespread controversy about dinosaurs: When did they roam the earth? Did they coexist with humans? Why did they go extinct? These are common questions that evolutionists and creationists alike try to explain. In the article “Dinosaurs and the Bible” Ken Ham tries to explain biblically these common questions about dinosaurs. He explains that in the school systems today, we are taught that dinosaurs lived millions of year ago and went extinct before humans were even on the earth. Ham then refutes this by explaining that dinosaurs did in fact exist with humans, and using the bible as his reference proves his point. According to the language of this article, it seems that this article is aimed at a reader who isn’t knowledgeable on the subject. He uses simple language, and gives additional explanations for certain concepts of evolution, and ideas that he uses. This aids in the comprehension of the beliefs that Ham proposes. Ham certainly proves his credibility throughout by giving multiple scripture passages, and using the evolutionist theories to strengthen his statements. He clearly explains his beliefs in a convincing way. He also raises many common questions, and then gives a logical answer that fits perfectly with his ideas. However, there could have been more counter arguments to further back up the statements made by Ham. In the conclusion of the article, Ham gives the gospel message, which could possibly be viewed...
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...h essay Argumentative Research Essay Introduction Description When you write an argumentative essay, you investigate a controversial issue (considering both sides), determine which side you favour, and argue using evidence and examples both to support your claims and to refute counter-arguments. A controversial (or contentious) issue is one that is debatable and has a logical counter-argument. An argumentative research essay formalizes the way you gather your supporting evidence. Purpose When you write an argumentative essay, you want to make your readers agree with your stance on an issue (i.e., to persuade them). You may also wish to make your readers act on the issue, in which case you will have to specify what they should do. Audience To reinforce for your readers your credibility (ethos), you will * employ a formal tone * include much evidence from outside sources to support your arguments * analyse these arguments in depth You should consider whether or not your audience is familiar with the issue. If not, you will have to provide more background information than you would for a knowing audience. You should gauge your readers’ stance on the issue. Are they * supportive? (i.e., do they agree with your stance?) * hostile? (i.e., do they disagree with your stance?) * wavering? (i.e., have they yet to take a stance on the issue?) Your readers’ stance will influence the amount and kinds of evidence you will need to support your arguments. Topic ...
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...Kacey McClenny Civ II PLATO: GORGIAS Most people probably think that Socrates was innocent in refuting Gorgias and asking to clarify things, but I believe that Socrates had wicked motive all along. Was Socrates really being genuine? Also why would Socrates try and make a mockery of Gorgias in front of two other people? When Gorgias and Socrates talk about rhetoric at the beginning of Plato's Gorgias, Gorgias says that rhetoric is about speeches. Most importantly, speeches that are about other speeches. Gorgias did not mean every speech, because the speeches that only pertain to another form of art belong to that other art and not to the art of rhetoric (449E-451D). Gorgias tells Socrates that the speeches used for rhetoric are about “The greatest of human affairs” (451D). In the text, Plato’s Gorgias, page 41, section 457D, it may seem like Socrates takes the time to make sure that Gorgias does not get upset once he refutes what he once said during another speech. Socrates states, “I think that Socrates was trying to be snarky when he refuted Gorgias. Even though he goes into a long speech about how he would not be a good student if he did not refute him and he would want someone or Gorgias to refute him as well. Socrates states, “Because I consider a greater good, insofar as it’s a greater good to be set free oneself from the greater evil than to set someone else free, since I can imagine no evil as being so great for a human being as a false opinion about precisely those...
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