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Defense Aquisitions

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MN 3301 Midterm 1. Briefly describe the purpose of the Pre-System Acquisition and Systems Acquisition phases of the Defense Acquisition Management System. Explain the entrance and exit criteria for each of the phases of the Defense Acquisition Management System. Additionally, discuss the relevant Technology Readiness Levels associated with each phase.
The Defense Acquisition System is a management process which the Department of Defense (DoD) can provide effective, affordable, and timely systems to users. DoD 50000.01 The three core elements, pre-system acquisition, system acquisition, and sustainment, consist of five phases, milestones and reviews acquisition programs must advance through. The five phases of the Defense Acquisition Management System are Material Solution Analysis (MSA), Technology Development (TD), Engineering & Manufacturing Development (EMD), Production & Deployment (P&D), and Operations & Support (O&S). Prior to advancing into the next phase a program must pass a Milestone review, by the Milestone Decision Authority (MDA), to ensure it meets both Department of Defense (DoD) and federal relguations.
The pre-system acquisition element consists of the MSA and TD phases. Prior to entering into the MSA phase a Material Development Decision (MDD) will be made for a program and an Initial Capabilities Document (ICD) must be issued. This helps to determine which acquisition phase it will enter based on user needs, technology resources, and Technology Readiness Levels (TRL). The MSA phase is where potential material solutions are reviewed in order to meet the requirements for Milestone A and entrance into the TD phase. In the MSA phase technology will be at TRL 1-3 and TRL 4. To reduce technology risk during the TD phase technology readiness assessments are conducted and prototypes are built to demonstrate critical technologies. Once technologies are reviewed and matured (TRL 6), an approved Capability Development Document (CDD) will be issued for entrance into the Milestone B and the EMD phase.
Now that a Program Manager (PM) has been assigned and full funding allocated the program enters the system acquisition element. This element consists of the EMD phase, Milestone C, and the P&D phase. In the EMD phase, system of system functionality & interfaces are developed along with affordable manufacturing. With the completion of the Post-CDR, developmental testing will assess progress against technical parameter and operational assessment against the CDD. Once manufacturing processes are demonstrated and the system is demonstrated in the intended environment through production-representative articles the program will enter Milestone C. Prior to entering the P&D phase technology will be at TRL 7 and an approved Capability Production Document (CPD) will be issued. In the P&D phase the system will need to be fully operationally effective per mission needs and ready for full-rate production & deployment. The system will be at TRL 8 and TRL 9.
During the final element, sustainment, the system will enter into the O&S phase. In this phase the emphasis on design and development engineering shits to supporting the fielded system. In order to keep the systems working and operationally effective for users an updated Life Cycle Sustainment Plan is approved while continued testing and evaluations are conducted.

2. What is the importance of key performance parameters and how are KPPs conveyed to the program manager once a program is approved as a program of record?
KPPs are metrics that have attributes of a system which are considered critical to the development of an effective military capability. Depending on the program, there are mandatory KPPs which must me measurable, testable, and quantifiable in a practical timely manner. Some of the required KPPs are Force Protection, Survivability, Net-Ready, Training, and Energy Efficient. KPPs are important because if a PMs Program fails to meet them it can bring the military utility of the system into question. Failing to meet a KPP threshold or objective value may result in a reevaluation of the program or modification of the production increments which directly impacts the cost of program in question. KPPs are conveyed to the PM in the CDD and CPD and are transferred verbatim to the performance section of the Acquisition Program Baseline (APD).

3. Describe the key regulatory and statutory documents which govern the Defense Acquisition process.
Two major regulatory documents which govern the Defense Acquisition process are DoD Directive 5000.01 The Defense Acquisition System and DoD Instruction 5000.02 Operation of the Defense Acquisition System. DoD Directive 5000.01 provides a basic set of definitions and three overarching policies that govern the defense acquisition system. DoD Instruction 5000.02 establishes a general approach for managing all defense acquisition programs while authorizing the PM and the MDA to exercise discretion and prudent business judgment to structure a tailored, responsive, and innovative program.
Two major statutory documents which govern the Defense Acquisition process are the National Defense Authorization Act and Federal Acquisition Reform Act of 1995. The National Defense Authorization Act specifies the budget and expenditures of the United States DoD. The Federal Acquisition Reform Act of 1995

4. Discuss the fundamental process of how requirements are developed within the National Security and Defense Department framework.
The oversight of the acquisition process is grouped into three major decision-support systems: the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS), the Defense Acquisition System, and the Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution (PPBE) process. Requirements are developed within the National Security and Defense Department through the use of the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS), which is governed by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction 3170.01. JCIDS is a top down born joint system that identifies and documents warfighting needs. The system supports the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC) and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) in identifying, assessing, validating, and prioritizing joint military capability requirements.
The Functional Capabilities Board (FCB) is responsible for ensuring the new capability requirements are conceived and developed in joint warfighting context. The FCB, which is directed by the JROC, organizes stakeholders together in order to better assess capability gaps and yield a resolution to prioritized issues. System issues are uncovered through the JCIDS analysis process. This process consists of a Functional Area Analysis (FAA), Functional Needs Analysis (FNA), Functional Solutions Analysis (FSA), and Post Independent Analysis. The FAA helps to identify tasks needed to accomplish military objectives. The FNA access the ability of a program to accomplish the tasks generated from the FAA and identifies capability gaps. The FSA is an operational based assessment of DOTMLPF approaches at solving the capability gaps found by the FAA. Finally, the Post Independent Analysis is an independent analysis of the approaches from the FSA in order to determine which the best fit for the program is.

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