...the most talented individuals while having high employee retention rates. Under my watch, Skinny Genes has recently acquired a license for a novel technology through an agreement with John Hopkins University. The license is for the technology and techniques involved in the process of regulating the TDP-43 protein. The TDP-43 protein has been known to regulate the Tbc1d1 gene, which is a gene that has been associated with human obesity. Skinny Genes is seeking potential investors to fund additional research and studies to develop a drug that can regulate the TDP-43 protein in a human system as a drug that can provide treatment for overweight and obese people, with a potential market that reaches all over the world. Company Background Skinny Genes, Inc., founded in 2005, is a medical research company based in Bethesda, Maryland, specializing in developing therapeutic medicines to help improve the quality of life in people. Skinny Genes Inc.’s goal is to be able to develop a novel technology into a drug that is able combat obesity by targeting the genes that regulate the formation of fat cells. We offered the Products and Services: Skinny Genes currently offers Humatrex, an injectable drug used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Skinny Genes does not offer any other products or services outside of this. Technologies Skinny Genes has a patent for recombinant DNA technique in using Escherichia coli to produce human insulin. Markets According to the...
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...Be it resolved that the labeling of GMOs in food and drinks should be mandatory. Just as the US House of Assembly did in July of this year, this side says resoundingly; No No, No way. While our opponents did a credibly job of defining the key terms in this debate, let me take a moment to highlight a few things which are critical to our objection of this moot. This series of second round debates all fall under the theme of health and safety. Thus, it is important when defining GMOs, that the issue of health and safety is aptly captured by the definition. Thus, this side adopts the following definition offered by The World Health Organisation 2015. A GMO is an organism in which the genetic material has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally through fertilisation and/or natural recombination and food and drinks which contain them undergo rigorous safety requirements before they are authorized. As first speaker, I will present uncontestable proof that food and drinks containing GMOs do not require mandatory labelling because they do not pose any health concerns and furthermore, I will expose the minority of persons who are calling for their mandatory labelling as nothing but a bunch of hypocrites. Our second speaker will look at some economic concerns as well as issues relating to consumer choices. Now, let us get one thing straight. Calling for mandatory labels on GM food and drinks imply that consumers have a right to know what they are consuming and that this...
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...This essay will demonstrate that it is not “always morally worse to kill than it is to let die”. It will be argued that passive euthanasia (i.e. letting someone die) is not morally wrong and that active euthanasia (i.e. accelerating their death) is no less moral. However, the many complications associated with the legalisation of active euthanasia (and euthanasia in general) must be identified and addressed. These identified complications may be eliminated with an appropriate regulatory regime. Assuming that identified complications can be overcome, and having established that it is not always morally worse to kill than to let die, it will be demonstrated that active euthanasia should not be banned. Morality, as defined by the Oxford Dictionary, is “principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour”1. Hinde states that the principles are influenced and changed by one’s society and culture but also “based in human nature”2. As morality is influenced by society, public opinion is important when it comes to controversial issues. Morality differs from place to place and evolves over time. To compound this diversity, changes in medical treatment, and discoveries which enhance medical knowledge evolves rapidly and what was not even conceivable in some cultures or at certain points in history are now commonly accepted. Developments in end of life care fall within this category. With our increased ability to prolong life, arguments can now be made...
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...aberidoost et al. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2013, 21:69 http://www.darujps.com/content/21/1/69 REVIEW ARTICLE Open Access Pharmaceutical supply chain risks: a systematic review Mona Jaberidoost1, Shekoufeh Nikfar1, Akbar Abdollahiasl1,2 and Rassoul Dinarvand1,3* Abstract Introduction: Supply of medicine as a strategic product in any health system is a top priority. Pharmaceutical companies, a major player of the drug supply chain, are subject to many risks. These risks disrupt the supply of medicine in many ways such as their quantity and quality and their delivery to the right place and customers and at the right time. Therefore risk identification in the supply process of pharmaceutical companies and mitigate them is highly recommended. Objective: In this study it is attempted to investigate pharmaceutical supply chain risks with perspective of manufacturing companies. Methods: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science bibliographic databases and Google scholar scientific search engines were searched for pharmaceutical supply chain risk management studies with 6 different groups of keywords. All results found by keywords were reviewed and none-relevant articles were excluded by outcome of interests and researcher boundaries of study within 4 steps and through a systematic method. Results: Nine articles were included in the systematic review and totally 50 main risks based on study outcome of interest extracted which classified in 7 categories. Most of reported...
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...Islam and science The road to renewal THE sleep has been long and deep. In 2005 Harvard University produced more scientific papers than 17 Arabic-speaking countries combined. The world’s 1.6 billion Muslims have produced only two Nobel laureates in chemistry and physics. Both moved to the West: the only living one, the chemist Ahmed Hassan Zewail, is at the California Institute of Technology. By contrast Jews, outnumbered 100 to one by Muslims, have won 79. The 57 countries in the Organisation of the Islamic Conference spend a puny 0.81% of GDP on research and development, about a third of the world average. America, which has the world’s biggest science budget, spends 2.9%; Israel lavishes 4.4%. Many blame Islam’s supposed innate hostility to science. Some universities seem keener on prayer than study. Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad, for example, has three mosques on campus, with a fourth planned, but no bookshop. Rote learning rather than critical thinking is the hallmark of higher education in many countries. The Saudi government supports books for Islamic schools such as “The Unchallengeable Miracles of the Qur’an: The Facts That Can’t Be Denied By Science” suggesting an inherent conflict between belief and reason. Many universities are timid about courses that touch even tangentially on politics or look at religion from a non-devotional standpoint. Pervez Hoodbhoy, a renowned Pakistani nuclear scientist, introduced a course on science and world affairs, including...
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...Title: Medical Ethics: History and Guiding Principles Author: Alan J. McGoldrick Course: Medicine, Disease and History Instructor: Professor Foss Date: June 15, 2012 Medical ethics are the moral guidelines and ethical laws that help to prioritize a medical professional's work responsibilities. The code of medical ethics outlines the proper conduct between medical professionals and their patients, communities, and colleagues. Each country has a different code of medical ethics, though most contain the same basic principles, and all share the same history of evolution, according to the World Medical Association. Medical ethics refers to the discussion and application of moral values and responsibilities in the areas of medical practice and research. While questions of medical ethics have been debated since the beginnings of Western medicine in the fifth century B.C., medical ethics as a distinctive field came into prominence only since World War II. (Porter, 1998) This change has come about largely as a result of advances in medical technology, scientific research, and telecommunications. These developments have affected nearly every aspect of clinical practice, from the confidentiality of patient records to end-of-life issues. Moreover, the increased involvement of government in medical research as well as the allocation of health care resources brings with it an additional set of ethical questions. Emerging Medical Ethics Through the Ages Ancient Medical...
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...boundaries of modern psychology the term test has many different meanings to all the different disciplines. Across the many subspecialties, testing methods vary due to the circumstances or said patient’s mental health records. To truly explore the depth and meaning of psychological testing there is a veritable plethora of items in need of exploring. The following study will focus on the definition of testing with context pertaining specifically to the science of studying the inner workings of the human mind. Defining Test: Psychological Focus At its root the definition of the word test has a simple explanation. As defined by Merriam-Webster, within the context required, a test is a series of questions or exercises for measuring the skill, knowledge, intelligence, capacities, or aptitudes of an individual or group (Merriam-Webster, 2014). Within the bounds of psychology though, the definition becomes exponentially more complex. Psychology uses a plethora of different tests designed to elicit a variety of results. Defining testing in the aforementioned field is a bit more difficult than the traditional meaning of the word. Psychological tests are used to diagnose some of the most elusive disorders in the medical field. To make understanding these psychological tests easier, they have been broken down into separate categories for the sake of simplification. The following is a bulleted list of said categories in no particular order (Black, 2006). * Mental Ability Tests ...
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...system of the United States has change in many different ways during the last century. It has evolved from a system which lacked technology and knowledge of medical science, to a nation full of the vast wealth of medical technology and how it applies to its community. Due to the rapid growth, health care has become a significant force “The nation’s health care system has increasingly moved to center stage, drawing the attention of many Americans and our nation’s politicians.” (Torrens & Williams, 2009) With all of this attention and government interaction, it is no wonder why our nation strives to improve and rationalize the health care system. While there are many aspects to discuss in terms of improvement, this paper will attempt to explain how health care is affected by behaviors, economics, and social structure. Also, it will discuss the three stages of medical technology, major trends in population demographics, as well as the most important trends in mortality over the past century. Behavior, Economics, and Social Structure The behavior or involvement of the public, economics and social structure are three aspects that greatly affect the health care system in the U.S. Behaviors or individual involvement of the nation has significantly impacted the health care system of the past as well as present day. Health care and medical science during the early stages of the health care development can be best described as hands on; people were basically responsible for...
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...* Psychology as a science was developed out of philosophy, biology, and other well-established disciplines. * Until 1920, psychology was a science of mental processes explored by Wundt, Titchener, James, and Freud. * From the 1920's until the 1960's, Americans John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner led the school of psychology known as behaviorism, focusing on the observation of people's behaviors. * Humanistic psychology, led by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, countered behaviorism during this period by focusing on the personal growth and well-being of people. * In the 1960's, psychology shifted back towards a focus on how the brain approaches information. Recently, cognitive neuroscience studies how brain activity causes mental activity. * To combine the study of both the internal mental activities and observable human behaviors, psychology became the science of behavior and mental processes. TERMS * ------------------------------------------------- cognitive neuroscience An academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in...
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...system of the United States has change in many different ways during the last century. It has evolved from a system which lacked technology and knowledge of medical science, to a nation full of the vast wealth of medical technology and how it applies to its community. Due to the rapid growth, health care has become a significant force “The nation’s health care system has increasingly moved to center stage, drawing the attention of many Americans and our nation’s politicians.” (Torrens & Williams, 2009) With all of this attention and government interaction, it is no wonder why our nation strives to improve and rationalize the health care system. While there are many aspects to discuss in terms of improvement, this paper will attempt to explain how health care is affected by behaviors, economics, and social structure. Also, it will discuss the three stages of medical technology, major trends in population demographics, as well as the most important trends in mortality over the past century. Behavior, Economics, and Social Structure The behavior or involvement of the public, economics and social structure are three aspects that greatly affect the health care system in the U.S. Behaviors or individual involvement of the nation has significantly impacted the health care system of the past as well as present day. Health care and medical science during the early stages of the health care development can be best described as hands on; people were basically responsible for their...
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...reimbursement an aging population, and technology the nursing professions responsibilities morphed from the bedside to the board room. In the last two decades a substantial increase in nurses in senior level positions in hospitals or other facilities reflects the need for nurses to obtain advanced degrees to meet the demands of heath care as a business. In a report published 2010, by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) the summary report clearly identifies the need for nurses to participate fully as partners to improve the nation’s health care system(“The future of nursing: leading change, advancing,” 2010). To that end, in order for nurses to participate actively in shaping the health care system nurses need education in what many consider as non-traditional nursing subjects, such as finance. In response to the need for education in finance nursing curricula include at least one course as an under graduate, and one on the post- graduate level. Together these courses provide both academic and practical knowledge the nurse manager can translate readily to manage an organization or an individual nursing unit (Finkler, Kovner & Jones, 2007). For nurses to begin to understand generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) recognizing that accounting shares two similar domains with nursing, science, and art. Though this concept may seem counter intuitive at first as accountings defining principles, and subsequent rules...
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...Media, Medicine and American Expectations What constitutes the media? Changed over time? What constitutes medicine? Health or health culture as alternate name to describe what course encompasses? Bert Hanson – medical breakthrough = social phenomenon * How has promise of medical breakthroughs influenced: media culture and patients expectations relationship between medicine and media place of medicine in American political culture How and why does the medical community use media to communicate with public? Increasingly interdependent spheres w/ differing perspectives on vision of media’s role is in “media-ted” world What makes health “news”? Producing Medical Heroes How and why has American society selected its medical heroes? How has this changed over time? What functions do depictions of heroic doctors (Walter Reed, and House, M.D.) and patients serve? How have fictional medical characters – in novels, Hollywood films, on TV – shaped expectations of medical culture? VD, HIV, and the Media How did the media contribute to the publics perception of venereal diseases and HIV? What images (both visual, and stories told to make a point) came most powerfully to cultural prominence? What were the aims of medical and public health authorities, the state, and media professionals in working to make those images publically visible? What role did the media play in changing public’s image of HIV? Stigmatization, Destigmatization, and Medical...
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...www.pwc.com/pharma2020 Pharma 2020: Supplying the future Which path will you take? Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences Previous publications in this series include: Pharmaceuticals Pharma 2020: The vision Which path will you take?* Published in June 2007, this paper highlights a number of issues that will have a major bearing on the industry by 2020. The publication outlines the changes we believe will best help pharmaceutical companies realise the potential the future holds to enhance the value they provide to shareholders and society alike. Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences Pharma 2020: Challenging business models Which path will you take? Fourth in the Pharma 2020 series and published in April 2009, this report highlights how Pharma’s fully integrated business models may not be the best option for the pharma industry in 2020; more creative collaboration models may be more attractive. This paper also evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of the alternative business models and how each stands up against the challenges facing the industry. *connectedthinking Pharma 2020: The vision # Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences Pharma 2020: Virtual R&D Which path will you take? This report, published in June 2008, explores opportunities to improve the R&D process. It proposes that new technologies will enable the adoption of virtual R&D; and by operating in a more connected world the industry, in collaboration with researchers, governments, healthcare payers and providers...
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...Custom nursing writing service, sample nursing research paper, college nursing assignement , sample nursing essay How is Nursing Different from Medicine? Medicine is an area of human knowledge and expertise aimed at restoring health. Broadly speaking, it is the science which relates to the prevention, detection, cure or alleviation of diseases. It is a highly important profession in any country as its performance directly affects the health of the general public who acts as a backbone for any economy. Medicine has two aspects: both as an area of knowledge (a science), and as an application of that knowledge (medical professions). This article tends to focus on the latter aspect of medicine along with one of the most crucial individual practice in medicine named as nursing. By definition, nursing implies a profession that renders services necessary for the maintenance and improvement of health by giving attention to the requirements of sick people. It specifically includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, provision of physical and mental care, promoting comfort and serving patients in every possible way to make their life better. What nursing actually is has been a question that has received many different answers with the passage of time. There have been significant changes in the field of nursing, in how nursing is practiced and new developments and innovations that have been witnessed over the past century. The early 1990’s was a very...
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...underlying the instructional programme. Introduction Science education has always been a part of the Ghanaian (and Sub-Saharan) culture. Modern education in Ghana came with the advent of European missionary and mercantile enterprises, and has largely become the vehicle for social upward mobility. Education in general, and science education, for that matter, is serious issues for all Ghanaians. Curriculum orientations are beliefs about what a school curriculum should achieve and how teaching, learning and assessment should occur (Eisner, 1970). The most fundamental concern of schooling is curriculum (Ornstein, 1982). These prepositions have led me to have an in depth study by evaluating the Ghanaian Basic School Science Curriculum from both the primary to the Junior High School levels trying to find out the various and dominant curriculum orientation(s) underlying the teaching and learning process of Integrated Science in schools. The Ghanaian Basic School Science Curriculum and Delivery The Ghanaian integrated science curriculum follows the “spiral approach,” treating the same themes at different times and in greater depths within each educational level. The curriculum is the modern replacement of what used to be called “nature study.” This is a generalist, survey course, which exposes the child to the universe. At this level, the students would get the basic exposure to scientific ideas, and learn about the history of science. They also learn the basic scientific vocabulary...
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