...‘A critical analysis of theoretical perspectives related to dyslexia’ In this essay I will be demonstrating the critical understanding of key theoretical perspectives on the cause of dyslexia (phonological processing, magno, cellular and cerebellar aspects. I will also be researching and reviewing relevant literature exploring key issues such as identification, co-morbidity, international views on dyslexia. This essay will allow me to study dyslexia in depth and broaden my knowledge on its identifying characteristics and the underlying causes. About dyslexia Dyslexia is a learning difficulty that affects the brain; this means that the brain is slower on picking up certain things. This can be learning how to...
Words: 361 - Pages: 2
...teaching students with disabilities. The article I read was entitled “Teaching a Student with Dyslexia” by Kenneth J. Bryson. Dyslexia is a learning disability that I heard before but was uncertain what it fully meant. My definition was that it was a condition that affected a persons reading and writing abilities. It wasn’t until 2002 The International Dyslexia Association (IDA) adopted the following definition for dyslexia: Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impede the growth of vocabulary and background knowledge. Recent statistics from the IDA shows that about 15-20% of the population has dyslexia related symptoms, with cases ranging from mild to severe. This means in a classroom of twenty students, three are likely to have some form of dyslexia. The author Kenneth J. Bryson does a good job by clearly identifying the problem. The article starts out by asking the reader questions such what is Dyslexia? What difficulties do dyslexics experience in everyday life? What difficulties do dyslexics face...
Words: 1175 - Pages: 5
...learning disability (LD). A common but ignored learning impairment in the U.S that affects both children and adults is bilingual dyslexia. Compositions in this field go unrecognized, because of misdiagnosis in children and adults. Therefore little information is known about this (LD). The more commonly (LD) known is dyslexia. Dyslexia presents itself in the subcategories of the brain that process information via visual, auditory, and kinesthetic comprehension. This general form of (LD) typically identifies with difficulty in reading comprehension with problems in recognition of words, decoding, and spelling (Editorial Team, NCLD). This affects both visual and auditory sectors of the brain. So, what is bilingual dyslexia? Bilingual dyslexia is the difficulty of recognizing phonemic sounds within two or more language systems. This specific learning disability (SpLD) affects both adults and children who are multilingual. (Dulude, 2012) states, this difficulty is crippling to children based on a low phonemic awareness because of no prior experience with reading. What is the demographic of children and adults that bilingual dyslexia effects in the U.S? What are the differences in dyslexia across languages? 1. Within the demographic of language, English speakers have the highest presence of dyslexia than any other. (Dulude 1)...
Words: 445 - Pages: 2
...and also with taste. The temporal lobe is founded laterally and is related with the learning, memory, hearing, smell, visual recognition, and emotional behavior. Lastly, the occipital lobe is the most posterior lobe and directly serves as the visual center. The KIAA0319 gene is associated with the development of dyslexia. Dyslexia “is a learning disorder characterized by difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and leading how they relate to letters and words”. Their are various amount of symptoms such as late talking, leading new words slowly, reading well below the expected level for your child’s age, difficulty spelling and memorizing, trouble learning a foreign language, and problems with remembering the sequence of things etc. What causes dyslexia? Dyslexia has been linked to certain genes that control how the brain develops. It is inherited and may tend to run in families. The inherited traits appear to affect parts of the brain concerned with language, and the ability to write letters and speech. The complications of having dyslexia includes troubling learning, social problems, and problems as an adult. Normally children who have dyslexia are at risk of having ADHD. The FOXP2 which is...
Words: 767 - Pages: 4
...Helping people with dyslexia: a national action agenda Report to the Hon Bill Shorten, Parliamentary Secretary for Disabilities and Children’s Services, from the Dyslexia Working Party: Jim Bond Max Coltheart [Chair] Tim Connell Nola Firth Margaret Hardy Mandy Nayton Jenny Shaw Angela Weeks Submitted January 10 2010 2 Introduction During 2008 the Hon Bill Shorten, Parliamentary Secretary for Disabilities and Children’s Services, met with representatives from dyslexia interest groups who expressed concern that dyslexia is not recognized as a specific disability under the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 and that the education and employment systems do not recognize or support people with dyslexia. Following these meetings the Parliamentary Secretary requested the FaHCSIA convene a roundtable Forum to discuss these issues. This Dyslexia Stakeholder Forum was held at Parliament House Canberra on 16 June 2009. The Forum consisted of 24 people who were scientists in the areas of reading or learning disabilities, technologists, people with dyslexia, clinicians and practitioners, or representatives from DEEWR and FaHCSIA. It was decided that a representative Working Party of 8 Forum members should be formed, charged with the task of writing a report proposing a national agenda for action to assist people with dyslexia. The Working Party consulted widely and in particular benefited from comments on a draft report that were received from the following authorities (all...
Words: 4499 - Pages: 18
...Learning Disability | Dyslexia | | Rekeil Peterson | 11/9/2014 | Mrs. P Ponder | Learning Disability (Dyslexia) All too often children are labeled as slow or stupid; they are put aside into special classes for the slower kids and looked down upon by the smarter kids. Teachers and parents look at them in disappointment for the great potential they once saw in their child’s eyes has gone to waste. Many teens that now believe that their stupidity is a truth were once as young children, praised for their quick learning and brightness. There must be an explanation for this. The explanation for me along with many other kids is the learning disorder called dyslexia. “As a complex neurological condition, the symptoms may effect many areas of learning and function and may be described as a difficulty in reading, spelling and written language” (Reid 2), as defined by The British Dyslexia Association in 1997. This is a common definition of dyslexia. The other definition of dyslexia is “ an inherited neurological difference, resulting in language, perception, processing, and attention concentration deference’s” (Dyslexia Research Institute 1). Dyslexia is a serious disorder that effects an “estimated 5 percent to 15 percent of children” (UniSci 1). This number is extremely high; yet many do not know the effects that dyslexia has on the learning process and the emotional development of children, or understands what dyslexia even is. It has been found through...
Words: 1737 - Pages: 7
...Meaning of Learning Disability The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined learning disabilities as a state of arrested or incomplete development of mind. Somebody with a general learning disability is said to have a significant impairment of intellectual, adaptive and social functioning. The way Learning Disability has been defined has been changing over different phases. The term has experienced a shift in dominance from Physicians to Psychologists and most recently to Educationist. The shift has been from an evaluation phase to instruction, education and training. Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV 1800-1930 1930-1960 1960-1980 1980-Present / / / Foundation Phase Transition Phase Integration Phase Contemporary Phase Phase Details Foundation Phase During the Foundation Phase, medical theories of brain function and dysfunction were formulated. Transition Phase Transition Phase emphasised more on the Clinical Study of the Child by Psychologists Integration Phase Integration Phase was characterized by the rapid growth of school programme for learning disabled children Contemporary Phase The current phase is an eclectic approach with a shift to the Educators. It is a coming together of the doctors , psychologists, parents and teacher with ultimate responsibility lying on the teachers The term Learning Disability actually was coined in 1963 here in Chicago...
Words: 2253 - Pages: 10
...Learning difficulties – Dyslexia On 7th November 1896, the first description of dyslexia was published in the British Medical Journal, described as ‘a case of congenital world blindness’ by a Sussex GP, Dr Pringle Morgan (Ott, 1997:6). Morgan’s study was surrounded around a child called Percy. ‘... In spite of [...] laborious and persistent training, he can only with difficulty spell out words of one syllable’. His head teacher claimed he could have been one of the smartest children within the school if the instruction was entirely oral not written (Squires & McKeown, 2006:1). The National institute of Child Health and Human development (NICHD), 2002, define dyslexia as ‘a specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically result from a cognitive deficit or imperfection in the phonological component of language ‘that [are] often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction’ (Nicolson & Fawcett, 2008:11). Secondary consequences may include problems in reading, comprehension and a reduced writing level which can impede the growth of vocabulary and background knowledge (Flora, 2009:4). There is no universal definition surrounding dyslexia, but it is now an officially recognised learning disability under the disability legislation: SENDA 2001(for schools)...
Words: 1905 - Pages: 8
...GOD, SORRY, MY DYSLEXIA KICKED IN There are numerous different religions in our world, but there are only five world-recognized religions – Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism and Hinduism. What is the different between a cult and a religion and is it really an easy thing, to start a religion or a cult and what does it take to become a god? ‘’BECOME A DOG (I MEAN GOD, SORYY MY DYSLEXIA KIKED IN’’ is the name of the article written by Forrest Griffin, which William Morrow published in 2010. In his article, he explains the difference between a cult and a religion. He also explains how to become a god. The language is simple with some unusual words and with a lot of slang into it, even though when you normally talk about religion the language is more normally charged. The first person narrator uses a very ironic tone. He uses a lot of irony and humour in the text. We already see the use of humour in the title ‘’BECOME A DOG (I MEAN GOD, SORRY MY DYLEXIA KICKED IN’’ where he blames his dyslexia, for typing dog instead of god, but when we see him typing with no other mistakes in the rest of the article we know that he is not dyslexia. The narrator also uses some kind of provocation in the title, so those who read the article, feels some kind of provocation. He carries on with using the irony and humour in the rest of the article, for example when the narrator tries to explain the definition of religion, and a cult he explains it with a normal definition at first, but...
Words: 804 - Pages: 4
...This then allows them to support me with my dyslexia, as sometimes it can be portrayed as being slow and lazy (Child and Langford, 2011). Also a study carried out by Morris and Turnbull (2006) showed that students did not want to disclose their dyslexia due to them feeling singled out. If I did not disclose this then I believe it would negatively impact me in practice. Disclosure will play a big part in me overcoming these concerns of mine, as me and my mentor can set up strategies personalised to me to help with my dyslexia. From previous experience in working in an acute environment, I have some strategies I believe that will help with my documentation in practice. One of these is to remove myself from any interruptions. This technique was mentioned in the “Dyslexia, dyspraxia and dyscalculia: a toolkit for nursing staff” in the RCN handbook authored by (Cowen, 2010). With many other strategies that may be able to help with my documentation, I feel like this tool kit will be a great basis for me to find my own personalised strategies to overcome my concern. This allows me to concentrate solely on the documentation I am...
Words: 1261 - Pages: 6
...Awareness About Dyslexia I chose this topic – Awareness About Dyslexia as my term paper because dyslexia caught my attention since I had watched the movie entitled “Every Child Is Special” in one of my major subjects with Mrs. Winona E. Sanque just last year. As the main character, Ishan, never had a chance to be understood by his family, teachers, classmates, and friends. Being sent to a very exclusive school for boys far away from his home, there he also experienced maltreatment and embarrassments. Until one day, an Art substitute teacher came along to his life and change it as well as to all people around him so to me. But this desire of mine in knowing more about dyslexia had been finalized when I read an article in Developmental Reading book entitled “On Being Seventeen, Bright, and Unable to Read” by David Raymond. I start to accept and understand them heartfully. So as I make this term paper I would like to impart my awareness to others as well as they read my researched information I gathered. I. Definition of Dyslexia Dyslexia is a term that refers to many reading disabilities thought to be the result of a disorder in the central nervous system. But most of people began to use the term to describe a broad range of reading problems, and even spelling and writing problems. II. Kinds of Dyslexia There are several types of dyslexia that can affect the child's ability to spell as well as read. "Trauma dyslexia" usually occurs after some form of brain trauma...
Words: 2551 - Pages: 11
...affect a person’s attention, memory, coordination, social skills and emotional maturity. Common learning disabilities include: * Dyslexia – a language-based disability in which a person has trouble with specific language skills, particularly reading. * Dyscalculia – a mathematical disability in which a person has a difficult time solving arithmetic problems and grasping math concepts. * Dysgraphia – a writing disability in which a person finds it hard to form letters, write within a defined space and express ideas. Learning disabilities often run in families. Learning disabilities should not be confused with other disabilities such as mental retardation, autism, deafness, blindness, and behavioral disorders. None of these conditions are learning disabilities. DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEARNING DISABILITY GENERAL LD INFO A learning disability is more than a difference or difficulty with learning—it’s a neurological disorder.More > DYSCALCULIA Dyscalculia refers to a wide range of lifelong learning disabilities involving math.More > DYSPRAXIA Dyspraxia, a disorder that affects motor skill development, often coexists with learning disabilities.More > ADHD & OTHER ISSUES Although not learning disabilities, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and other disorders are not uncommon among people with LD.More > DYSLEXIA This language processing disorder can hinder reading, writing, spelling and sometimes even speaking.More > DYSGRAPHIA This LD...
Words: 665 - Pages: 3
... Definition Chart | Learning Disabilities: Learning disabilities affect the ability to understand language that is spoken or written, it can relate to mathematics, and or direct attention. | Types | Dyslexia | Definition: Dyslexia is a learning disability where one has difficulty reading | | Characteristics & Causes: There are several different types of dyslexia and they can be caused by a brain trauma, hormonal development, and has been linked to the chromosome gene number 6 (Medicine Net.com, 1996-2012). | | Teaching Strategies: The best strategy is the use of multi-sensory to help students learn how to use their other senses such as hearing and sight (auditory sensation) to aide in their comprehension. | Examples: trouble pronouncing or writing words backwards | | | | | Dyscalculia | Definition: Dyscalculia is a learning disability where one has difficulty with mathematics | | Characteristics & Causes: To date there has been no information on what really causes this disability but think it could be caused due to alcohol exposure or the Fragile X Syndrome. | | Teaching Strategies: Best strategy is to provide one on one support to aide the student in the least restricted learning environment to encourage the student development in math. | Examples: Difficulty with math facts, telling time, counting money, etc. | | Dysgraphia | Definition: Dysgraphia is a learning...
Words: 2472 - Pages: 10
... Learning Disability 2 Abstract Learning disability is a term used to describe specific kinds of learning problems. A person can have problems with skills like reading, listening, speaking, math, writing, and reasoning. Learning disabilities constitutes over half of the special education services. The cause of learning disabilities deals with the dysfunction of the brain and how it processes information it may be related to medical or genetic. Having problems receiving and sending messages deals with communication disorder. Students with high achievement, intellectually has the capacity to retain, learn, and use an extreme amount of information is called gifted .In this paper I will discuss the characteristics, causes and definition of learning disabilities, communication disorders, and giftedness. Learning Disability 3 Learning Disability Learning disabilities or learning disorder affect how a person receives information, how they process it, and how they communicate. People with learning disabilities have problems processing sensory information. The art of learning is affected because a student cannot learn as quickly as his/her counterparts. Due to low achievement some student are misdiagnosed with having a learning disability. Students with learning disability show characteristics of deficits in written language, underachievement...
Words: 1421 - Pages: 6
...Technology and the Dyslexic Student Scott Stockinger Western Governors University When a child is dyslexic and is trying to learn it can be very difficult to impossible. The dyslexic student may not be able to read at his/her age appropriate level and writing can even be harder. In order to read a book for a book report the student may have to read the book at a very slow pace and then have to read it again to comprehend or someone has to read for them. The problem is not necessarily comprehension of the story just the reading level of the book, the reader may be grades below his/her true abilities. It can be very hard to learn on their own because someone needs to read to them or dictate their thoughts to paper if they are to write an age appropriate report. Since the student can comprehend at a higher level but work only at lower grade levels, this poses a problem for educators. How is a teacher supposed to teach the dyslexic student? Research indicates technology provides away for dyslexics to overcome their learning disabilities by giving them the tools they need to accomplish the job of learning, the independence to learn on their own, and give educators a better understanding that enables them to empower the dyslexic student. Technology has given a whole generation of dyslexic students the tools needed to accomplish the difficult task of learning while working with a whole grade level or more below their ability level in reading and writing. Voice recognition...
Words: 2347 - Pages: 10
