...The term 'abonormal' means deviating from the average. Therefore, if we were to adopt literal approach to defining abnormality, we would conclude that any rare behaviour or ability is abnormal. This, however, is not a useful way of defining abnormality as it doesn't take into account wether or not the behaviour is desirable. Deviation from ideal metal health focuses on what is mormal as opposed to what is abnormal by deciding what abnormality is, anything that doesn't satisfy this criteria of 'normal' must be therefore be abnormality. Jahoda (1958) spoke about 'normality'. As being a positive state of mental heaath. According to Jahoda, several conditions in order to satisfy what she called optimal living. The conditioms for optimal living are as follows; a positive view of self ( meaning the person must have a feeling of self- worth and a reasonable extent of self esteem) , autonomy ( the person must show a level of independence), actualisation ( the person must become the best they can), accurate view of reality, environmental adaptability and finally resistance to stress. There are a few limitations of this approach to defining abnormality. First, self actualisation is theoretically ideal concept that very few people are actually able to achieve. In order to self actualise a person must reach the peak of their abilities, ambitions and desires in life, but the majority of people comfortably settle for a situation somewhat below self actualisation. Second, being resistant...
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...Barney A firm’s competitive advantage lies in its resources. It exams the link between a firms resource ans sustained competitive advantage. To sustain a competitive advantage it requires that these resources heterogeneous and immobile. The key point of the theory is to identify the firm’s resources and see if it is VRIN (Value, Rarity, In-imitable and Non substitutable) and then protect them. Formal planning is highly imitable and thus cannot be a source of sustained competitive advantage. An argument for heterogeneity is the first mover advantage where the firm may gain access to good distribution channels; develop good reputations before competitors come. Likewise theyre are barriers to entry. How to apply the resource based view: Definitons: It resources include all assets, capabilities, organizational processes, firm attributes, information, knowledge etc. controlled by a firm that will help its efficiency. This will be broken down into human, physical and organization resources. A sustained competitive advantage when it is implementing a value creating strategy not simulteously being implemented by any current or potential competitor and when these other firms are unable to duplicate the benefit of this strategy. Not on calendar time. Critique * Priem and Butlers critique to 1991 paper states it is tautological (it is true in all possible interpretations). That’s its primary assertions are true by definition, and, thus not subject to empirical tests. Can also...
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...‘market research is like looking in the rear view mirror of a speeding car’. Market research is one of the most important business strategy’s to any fashion brand or retailor. It is the initial task that a fashion brand would take out ensuring it is a successful process which will allow their brand to be marketed effectively. Market research is collective information that has been gathered concerning customers and the current market. Market research is a crucial element to gain an advantage over competitors allowing the brand to become the most successful, positive and fast changing within the fashion industry. Market Research is put in place to recognize, identify and analyze the market size, the market need and the current completion. DEFINITON OF MARKET RESEARCH. Aims This essay you will read a brief introduction of the fashion brand Topshop. The Author will then describe Topshops attitudes and principals towards Market Research. The Author will discuss how Topshop take out and handle their research and how this then makes the market of the brand successful. You will learn what Topshop look for while researching and their aims. The Author will also express what type of customer or market they look for while researching. Moreover the value of the researcher and how important to the brand will also be discussed allowing you to learn how this can make a fashion brand successful. Main Body Topshop specializes in designing, producing and selling women’s clothing, accessories...
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...For many people “interviewing” means job-hunting. Indeed for many of us the job or selection interview is probably the most important interview we ever take part in. However, employment is only one of many reasons for participating in an interview. The definiton of “interview’’ is: Any planned and controlled conversation between two (or more) people which has a purpose for at least one of the participants, and during which both speak and listen from time to time. The effective interview: A job interview is a systematic, purposeful conversation. Your goal is to show the employer that you have the skills, background, and ability to do the job and that you can successfully fit into the company and its culture. It is also your opportunity to gather information about the job, the company, and future career opportunities to determine whether the job and the company are right for you. After your cover letter and résumé, the interview is your best opportunity to impress the employer. You can accomplish this by using effective interviewing skills. The best way to do this is to: Be Prepared It is very important to prepare for the interview by researching the job opening and the company. The more you know, the better. Try to find out when the interview is scheduled, what to expect, how long you will be there, and whether you will be speaking to one person or more. Interview Professionalism Arrive early, approximately 5-10 minutes. Leave some extra time to re-read your résumé, settle...
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...person’s everyday life. We need some kind of escape and here is the music. It helps me to relax, to enjoy the life and make every moment better. I think that music has some biological connection with our body when we listening it. It has a great power. “Whithout music life would be a mistake.”- sad Friedrich Nietzsche. I tottaly agree. I can’t even imagine how the world would look like if there was no music. You can see many genres and artists in my playlist. Some of them gives me the strength, some gives me hope, some of them makes me to accept life as it is. Music is important part of life. It is a form of expression. It has no boundaries and it follows no guidelines. Essentially, to me, music is like air. It has no true shape or definiton, yet we need it to live. Imagine a world without music. All you’re left with is dust. Music is life istelf. As I mentioned, Music is one of the few things, that can help you escape your reality. No mater how bad things are, music has the potential to make you forget all about it. Music can spark any emotion. It can hold memories. It can tell stories. It will always be there. It will never vanish. You can’t touch music, but music can touch you. There are various type of music in the world. For instance, classic, pop, rock, jazz and others. Music is one of the part of our life. We listen to music everyday. Music is like true friend, in happy, merry and woe times it will be with you. Music influences straight to human mind and helps to relax...
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...The word fire is defined by webster as the phenomenon of combustion manifested in light, flame, and heat. What this definiton does not tell you is how dangerous a fire can be if you are not aware of its capability to spread and grow rapidly. Fires can be very dangerous and harmful. It is important to education each other as much as possibe to help prevent injries or deadly accidents. There are four stages that happen in every fire. Those stages are Incipient, Growth, Fully Developed, and Decay. Each stage plays a role in every fire. Understanding each stage, and how to handle or prevent it is critical in becoming in control of a fire. Flameovers and backdrafts are not consider stages, but also are definitely factors of a fire. These factors sometimes can be prevented. Some methods of prevention are taugh at fire academies, or fire schools, to new firefighters, and are constistly being developed. Incipient, also know as the "ignition" stage, is the first stage of a fire. In this stage smoke may began before the fire actually flames up. This is the stage where heat, oxygen, and a fuel source combine to ignite the fire. At this stage it can be controlled by a household fire extinguinsher. Growth is the second stage of a fire. With the initial flame used as a heat sourse, more flames flare up. Flaring up makes the size of the fire increase and the plume reaches the ceiling. In a room hot gases meet at the celing of the roomwhich cause all fuels in that room...
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...EGERTON UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS COURSE OUTLINE COURSE CODE: ECON 100 COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTORY ECONOMICS CREDIT FACTOR: 3.0 LECTURE HOURS: INSTRUCTOR: Mr. O. J. Nyanjong’ (Ground Floor, Room.23, Wing B, FASS Complex) E-mail: jnyanjong@egerton.ac.ke Twitter:@ohyouguy COURSE OBJECTIVES May I, on behalf on Economics Department, take this opportunity to most cordially welcome you to ECON 100. ECON 100 is a course that is specifically tailored for students not taking Economics as a subject. The course will run for 15 weeks, with Continuous Assessment Tests (CATs) being sat for on the sixth and tenth weeks of the course duration. The CATs shall comprise 30% of the final marks-20 through Class quizzes and 10 through reading assignments. The method of delivery shall mainly be through the Lecture method. Reading assignments questions shall be given on a fortnightly basis. At the end of the course, the student is expected to: i. Define and appreciate the rationale of opportunity cost as used in economics. ii. Appreciate the rationale of economics in his/her chosen field of study. iii. Understand the importance of price as a tool of resource allocation in a free market system. COURSE OUTLINE Week 1 Lesson 1-3 Topic Introduction Sub-topics Remarks Definition, branches of economics, economic methodology, Central Economic Problem, Production Possibility Frontiers, Elements of Economic Activities Definitions of a market Definition of price The...
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...By definiton, eugenics is "the science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics." Miriam Webster dictionary. Eugenics came to exist back in Nazi Germany and was majorly developed by one Francis Galton. The idea was to create a "superior race" known as the Aryan race. The Aryan race had very set specifications, blonde hair, blue eyes and fair skin. During that time, eugenics was mainly achived by selective breeding, meaning that individuals would reproduce with other individuals who fufilled the Aryan requirements. Today, in the 21st century, eugenics is more scientific. In 2003, scientists finished mapping out the human genome- a blueprint for the human race. The practice was first introduced to the USA in 2009 at a fertility clinic in Los Angeles, California. The clinic tried to offer hair and eye colour choices to prospective parents. This attempt caused a lot of public back lash. The process takes place by collecting eggs from the mother which are then fertilized in vitro with the father's sperm. After a successful fertilization, many genetic tests, called pre-implantion genetic diagnosis or PGD, are run to determine if the embryo has any defects such as down syndrome, heart issues, spina bifada, deafness and blindness. If the embryos pass this stage, they go into more indepth and specific tests. The parents set out a list of desirable and undesirable characteristics such as hair colour, eye colour...
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...influenced by the environment in which they live, be it work, friends, school , family, etc. Marketers should take in consideration this groups that can change or condition a desicion, for example. In countries like the U.S. family influence is not as strong and well marked as it is on Latin American, this is due to different life styles, culture , education and traditions that define each region and give them a unique essence and personality. This essence and personality based on the facts already mentioned such as culture, education, etc changes drastically a consumer’s behavior and preferences, and that is why it is so important to consider it when analysing our market. Let us now refer to the Household Life Cycle. for a start, the definitons given for household marketing on each place or for each marketer may vary for the place in which the marketer focuses, but if we were to focus on a specific place, the U.S.’s definition might be something more of a core social group that determines and defines our consumers. For example, on the U.S the Household Life Cycle (HLC) is not as long lasting as it is on Latin America because, as we said, in Latin American culture the family core is clearly stated and plays an important role on the consumer’s entire consumer’s life, since it was born until its adult desicions once they have reached independence. Once this has been analysed, if the HLC is correctly focused and applyed it can achieve great things, and a deeper impact on the consumer...
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...Health promotion is defined as the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health (World Health Organization). Health promotion focuses on helping individuals, families, and communities develop the competence and capabilities they required to gain control over day to day life event and circumstances. The Historical view of health promotion is focus on the prevention of disease through the public health movement. The success of historical health promotion then was measured by the eradication of, or inoculation for, contagious and debilitating disease. Thus polio and small pox are now read about in our history books. The health care promotion was focused on improving the ecological condition of people. History view of health promotion also shows that for the American health system curative system of diseases was mostly in the tertiary level of treatment. The contemporary health promotion encompasses strategies that allow populations to be healthy and enable them to make healthy choices. It is carried out by and with people, not on or to people. The contemporary view is mainly for the prevention of chronic illnesses across the life span. Presently the disease that were formerly associated with adulthood such as diabetes are being diagnosed in adolescents and young adults, The contemporary or modern view of health is prevention of occurrence of disease and promotion of health education with the collaboration of related organization, political, and economic...
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...Dictionary says Symbiosis means "any interdependent or mutually beneficial relationship between two persons, groups, etc.".But do I really belong to that category? I have many faces - red , green , blue,white and so on.Am I myself aware of those faces?Sometimes yes and most of the times no!They keep on changing like masks.They make me puzzled. I remember once I dreamt of being a carbon atom where my face goes for substitution reaction.Perhaps that was an overdose of organic chemistry in the early years of your life when you just begin to "make" masks.But now I find how true that was.Now I can make,wear and sell masks.My faces are not individuals, some of them like parasites.Creeping creatures who constantly struggle with each other, in an unending endevour to defame each other.And not only this, I sometimes even forget which one is my real face?May be that lies below all these masks!!And why is it so shy to make its presence felt ?May be because the new faces are so much overpowering.But sometimes when in the lonly hours I look at myself I feel desperate, desparate to tear off all those .None of the faces are in symbiosis, none of the faces want each other.How true that is when we see things around us.I may sound skeptic.I may sound pessimistic.But isnt that true?We all have faces, we all are constantly struggling to project the best face.Illusion, they say sometimes makes you happy.True.We human beings are living life in a kind of illusion.We are utmost sensitive to our own...
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...[pic] CASE PAPER ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR GROUP AND TEAM BEHAVIOR Case Paper Organizational Behavior CONTENTS Contents 1 Introduction 2 Problem definiton 2 Case description: ajax 3 Theory: groups and teams in corporate life 4 Analysis: AJAX and group behavior 6 Conclusion 7 Bibliography 8 Appendix 9 Introduction In this case, the issue that will be discussed is about Ajax and the problems between Johan Cruijff and the Supervisory Board. Which functions are engaged within the decision making for Ajax and what exactly happened recently between the directors? Furthermore, there will be a focus on the difference between groups and teams. Founded on March 18, 1900 AFC Ajax is one of the largest and most storied clubs in European football. For example, they won 30 times the National Championship, 18 times the Dutch cup, 7 times the Johan Cruijff shield, 4 times the Champions league and many more. While led by the world famous Johan Cruijff, AFC Ajax had one of the best seasons ever in 1972 by a professional football team winning the National Championship, the Dutch Cup, the European Champions Cup and the World Cup. Everybody will agree on the fact that being so successful is not only about having a good soccer team. Recently, the Ajax supporters, and of course the rest of the soccer world, were surprised by Johan Cruijff. The supervisory board was in conflict with Johan Cruijff, and this situation was even...
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...1. The problem of the interaction between philosophy and science is well known. Some philosophers say that philosophy is a science while others say that it is not a science. So, philosophy differs from science as well as from religion by its methodology of cognition and also by world outlook, while science and religion consider that knowledge has only one beginning therefore there is only one true knowledge and only one true methodology of cognition. I think that scientific methodology is in many ways close to the religious one. Science supposes that there is only one proper basis of knowledge, it is experiment and rational analysis of nature, just as religion considers that there is only one source of knowledge, God (or other Absolute). Therefore there is only one methodology of searching for science (scientific theories and experiments) and only one way of cognition for religion (revelation and spiritual dialogue with God). By contrast, philosophy agrees that there are many ways of cognition, just as there are many forms of knowledge and many beginnings of that knowledge. Wisdom in my mind is the form of personal knowledge. That is why there is neither a scientific philosophy, nor a religious philosophy, but there is philosophy of science and philosophy of religion, which describe the phenomena of scientific and religious thinking. Philosophy is always personal experience and cogitation and there is no universal wisdom, which would be the same for all the people, just as there...
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...What Really is Reality? Reality can be defined as many different things, “The state of things as they are or appear to be rather than as one might wish them to be, the quality or state of being actual or true, totality of all things possessing actuality, existence or essence”(thefreedictionary),“ A real event/entity or state of affairs, something that is neither derivative nor dependent but exists necessarily” (Merriam-Webster), “The world or the state of things as they actually exist as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them”(Google) These definitons all have a common factor of the idea of something being true or real, but how can you tell if it is or is not? Everyone has a different perspective or view on life, some persepctives are clear and some are not. There are many theories on perspectives and reality, but ultimately the choice of what to believe is yours. There are many modern movies that challenge the idea of reality, one in specific is titled Inception. The basic plot of science fiction film Inception tells the story of Dom Cobb and his business partner Arthur who perform illegal corporate espionage by entering the subconscious mind of their targets by using a “dream within a dream” strategy including many “dream levels” to obtain valuable information on their subjects. This strategy of entering minds can also change a person’s reality and perspecitve by enabeling Cobb to plant an idea into the person’s mind changing the outcome of what may or may...
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...AUDITING AND THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTING PROFESSION AUDITING AND ASSURANCE SERVICES DEFINED Auditing plays a vital role in business, goverment, and our economy. As a vocation, auditing offers the opportunity for challenging and rewarding careers in public accounting, industry and goverment. Many auditors develop a client based with a concentration in one or more key industries. As a result of serving many client in similar industries, few individuals understand the key competitiveness factors for a business better than auditor. Individuals choosing an auditing in a public accounting firm have the opportunity to progress from a starting position of staff assisstant to senior auditor, to manager and then to partner. Regardless of their career path, most auditors are recognized for their expertise in evaluating organizational performance. AUDITING DEFINED The term auditing is used to describe a broad range of activities in our society. The Report of the Committee on Basic Auditing Concepts of the American Accounting Association defines auditing as : “a systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding assertion about economic actions and events to ascertain the degree of correspondence between those assertions and established criteria and communicating the results to interested users.” Several attributes of auditing contained in this definition merit special comment: 1. A systematic process connotes a logical, structured, and organized...
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