...Deinstitutionalization Patricia Wilson Liberty University Abstract The purpose of this research is to look at the history of deinstitutionalization; the driving forces behind it; and the impact it made on the individual, their family and society. Deinstitutionalization has been a topic of controversy from its onset. Did it create a further mental health crisis? Or was it successful with providing individuals who were suffering from a mental illness or intellectual developmental disability an opportunity of achieving their hopes and dreams and doing so by receiving supports in the least restrictive environment possible. The goal of deinstitutionalization was to develop a full range of community services that would take the place of institutions. Several driving forces were behind this: the development of psychiatric drugs, the belief that people should receive treatment as opposed to institutionalization, and federal policy and funding. Many hoped that these factors would greatly reduce and perhaps even eliminate mental illness. The individual transitioning from institutions, their family, and society were all impacted by this new direction. Most were not prepared for this move. The lack of planning and adequate treatment led to many unforeseen consequences such as homelessness and incarceration. A shift to community based care was encouraged through the Mental Health Centers Act of 1963. Various services were offered but unfortunately they focused more on helping...
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...Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill Ed Long HSM/210 Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill How did deinstitutionalization affect New York State? After the closing of mental institutions in 1954 mental patients were discharged in the community to live normal and productive lives. At the time the number of patients released overwhelmed community services. From the time deinstitutionalization started to present day, patients being released into the community, it was and still is being opposed. Some of the affects that deinstitutionalization has on the community is it evokes local fear, diminishes personal security and higher local and state budgets. When patients were released into the community they were not prepared to serve the number of patients released therefore making a lot of them homeless, in prison and were warehoused in a different way in single- room occupancy hotels or shelters. On average these people die 20 to 25 years earlier than the general population. There have been several studies done since the start of deinstitutionalization to show the serious public health problem. Some of the natural causes of death, but preventable were cardiovascular disease, complications from diabetes and metabolic syndrome, respiratory disease due to heavy smoking, and infections including HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. Last but not least, deinstitutionalization was often linked with community's reaction and negative attitudes, prejudice, stereotypes...
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...31, 1963, President Kennedy signed the Community Mental Health Centers Act into law. Starting in the mid 1970’s, deinstitutionalization began to take affect, shutting down metal hospitals (Sheth). However, the policy of deinstitutionalization has since failed miserably. According to US Congressman Ted Strickland, thousands of mentally ill patients are being dumped out of state hospitals into communities that do not have the adequate services to receive them (Sheth). These efforts are known as "the deinstitutionalization movement", and have resulted in trans-institutionalization, in which huge numbers of mentally ill individuals lands in jails, prisons, homeless shelters, and flop houses (Sheth). Because of this, approximately one-third of homeless persons suffer from severe and disabling mental illnesses...
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...hsm210tutorials.com HSM 210 week 1 Check Point Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill HSM 210 week 1 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 week 2 Checkpoint Researching Human Services Agencies HSM 210 week 2 Assignment Contemporary Problems HSM 210 week 3 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 week 4 Checkpoint Differentiating Between Public and Private Organizations HSM 210 week 4 Assignment Examining Government Regulations HSM 210 week 5 Exercise Critical Thinking Exercises HSM 210 week 5 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 week 6 Assignment Prevention HSM 210 week 6 Checkpoint Determining levels of prevention HSM 210 week 7 Checkpoint Comparing Values HSM 210 week 7 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 week 8 Assignment Characteristics and Skills HSM 210 week 8 Checkpoint Evaluating Communication Strategies HSM 210 week 9 Capstone DQ HSM 210 week 9 Final Substance Abuse and the Native American Population ******************************************************** HSM 210 week 1 CheckPoint Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsm210tutorials.com Check Point: Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill One of the most significant historical events to impact the evolution of human service work was the deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill in the 1960s. Your text examines some positive and negative outcomes of deinstitutionalization. Resources: Ch. 3 (p. 144) of Human Services in...
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...Kimberly Galloway HSM/210 Dr. Sandra M. Mancuso Deinstitutionalization is the process of state run mental health facilities being shut down in the attempt to allow people with serious mental illness to receive help from the community. "State mental hospital populations are reduced by discharging long-term residents, shortening hospital stays, and attempting to reduce the number of admissions" (Steadman, Monahan, Duffee, Hartstone, & Robbins 1984). While the intentions were good, the act itself has become "one of the most well-meaning but poorly planned social changes ever carried out in the United States" (Torrey, Kennard, Eslinger, Lamb, and Pavle 2010). This event has had a huge impact on the criminal justice system, causing jails and prisons to become the main healthcare provider for people with Serious Mental Illness in the United States. Deinstitutionalization has not worked as planned. The current figures indicate that at least 16% of inmates in prison have a serious mental illness (Torrey et al 2010). With the decrease in state run mental hospitals jails and prisons are now primary health care providers for the mentally ill. All the act of deinstitutionalization has done is shifted costs from hospitals into prisons where many people cannot get adequate treatment for their symptoms. The burden is now on the justice system, and the public, to care for these people. Healthcare in prison was constitutionally mandated by the Supreme Court in 1976 in the case of Estelle...
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...Adrienne McIntosh Instructor: Stephanie J. Hawkins, Ph.D. HS5315: Professional & Scientific Ethics September 7, 2008 For this assignment, submit your Part 2: Analysis of Ethical Dilemma paper to your instructor, who will provide feedback. Papers should be submitted to the assignments section of the course and follow the required guidelines. In this second part of the project, provide an analysis of a hypothetical ethical dilemma that you have developed. Keep in mind that the hypothetical ethical dilemma you are analyzing should also be within the same work environment that you analyzed and submitted in Unit 5 for Part 1: Analysis of Work Environment. There are several substantial areas that you must consider in your analysis. The following questions will help you to begin your analysis of the ethical dilemma you have chosen. • What is the ethical dilemma and who are the individuals involved? Be sure to fully describe the dilemma and its context. • What are the main ethical concerns presented in the dilemma? What sources and references can you use to support your analysis? • How could you apply the theories and techniques of human service professions to a wide variety of ethical dilemmas? • What documentation would you provide for the Ethics committee if it were a real-life situation? What decision making process would you present to them upon review of this case? How would you define and relate...
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...com/product/hsm-210-complete-class/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM HSM 210 COMPLETE CLASS HSM 210 Week 1 CheckPoint Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill HSM 210 Week 1 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 Week 2 Checkpoint Researching Human Services Agencies HSM 210 Week 2 Assignment Contemporary Problems HSM 210 Week 3 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 Week 4 Checkpoint Differentiating Between Public and Private Organizations HSM 210 Week 4 Assignment Examining Government Regulations HSM 210 Week 5 Exercise Critical Thinking Exercises HSM 210 Week 5 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 Week 6 Assignment Prevention HSM 210 Week 6 Checkpoint Determining levels of prevention HSM 210 Week 7 Checkpoint Comparing Values HSM 210 Week 7 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 Week 8 Assignment Characteristics and Skills HSM 210 Week 8 Checkpoint Evaluating Communication Strategies HSM 210 Week 9 Capstone DQ HSM 210 Week 9 Final Substance Abuse and the Native American Population Activity mode aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of HSM 210 COMPLETE CLASS in order to ace their studies. HSM 210 COMPLETE CLASS To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/hsm-210-complete-class/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM HSM 210 COMPLETE CLASS HSM 210 Week 1 CheckPoint Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill HSM 210 Week 1 Discussion Question 1 & 2 HSM 210 Week 2 Checkpoint Researching Human Services Agencies ...
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...more to jail people than treating them with medicine, meaning that the money saved by the government is put to waste. The deinstitutionalization of mental healthcare is what started these community health centers in the first place. What led to the deinstitutionalization of mental health care was how bad mental institutions were run. Before, mentally ill people were taken into asylums, where they were alienated and imprisoned from everyone. As the years progressed, many people proposed and made reforms that abolished the use of mental hospitals from 558,000 to fewer than 60,000 hospitals/asylums from 1955 to 1998(Ford 31). Ford described these mental hospitals as confined, compressed, and overcrowded. John F. Kennedy, one of the key contributors to the deinstitutionalization movement, proposed a reform that implemented a new system for the mentally ill. He wanted to replace these asylums with community-based health centers that would not alienate or confine the mentally ill. Kennedy explained that,” We must move from the outmoded use of distant custodial institutions to the concept of community-centered agencies”(Ford 30) and later on explained how health centers helped the mentally ill people through various alternatives other than confinement through the use of health, education, rehabilitation, etc. Kennedy’s reform helped lead the deinstitutionalization movement in mental health care and treatment through the abolishment of mental hospitals and asylums and the implementation...
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...A large number of homeless people entered the street in the 1970s. A large contributing factor is because of deinstitutionalization of medically ill, as well as the changes in housing stock, which led to a dramatic decline of single-room housing that began in the 1950s (Coalition). These single-room housing units provided low-cost housing for low-income families due to several factors such as the shared kitchen and bathroom systems (Coalition). “In 1960, by one measure, there were approximately 129,000 single-room housing units citywide. By the 1970s, single-room housing had become the “housing of last resort” for poor single adults, many of whom were disabled, elderly, addicts, or ex-inmates,” (Coalition). Besides the simple cut of single-room housing, this deinstitutionalization led a discharge of tens of thousands of mentally ill individuals to the New York City communities. According to the Coalition for the Homeless, “between 1965 and 1979 alone, the number of resident patients in State psychiatric centers fell from 85,000 to 27,000, which was a 68 percent decline.” This policy of deinstitutionalization was due to new and different medications and new approaches in providing treatment in a community setting. Because of the deinstitutionalization, single-room housing units became a key place for those...
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...Tonette Robertson February 1, 2013 Radford University Master of Social Work As a child when asked what I wanted to be when I grow up I would respond, “I want to be a doctor”, when asked why I would answer, “Because I want to help people.” As I got older and helped my maternal grandmother who was sick with several of health issues I then changed my career goal to being a nurse. And needless to say from there I wanted to be a million other things; psychologist, child care provider, massage therapist, all with one thing in common; to help others and to be effective in their life. I became interested in social work after being placed in foster care at the age of fourteen. Confused, frustrated and angry, I was in desperate need, and it was caring social workers who, with my best interest at heart, provided me with the care that I needed. I have had many different social workers with different styles of working, those who are overly passionate, those who are not so ethnical, and then the social workers who within months quit. However, the passionate social workers supersede any other style of social work and have had great influence on my career decisions. As a social worker, I will be able to sympathize with the individuals that I work with, being that I was once in a similar position. As a social worker, I want to touch as many lives as possible and be effective when working with each individual on my case. I want to work in areas of social work that are close to my heart....
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...Traverse City State Hospital Known for its architecture is The Traverse City State Hospital. Built in 1885, in Northern Michigan, this breathtaking property now stands today “as mute witness to a therapeutic movement that once flourished in the United States”. The hospital’s original theme was "beauty is therapy." This mental institution was part of Michigan's mental health department, which had other institutions at places including Kalamazoo, Pontiac, Newberry, Northville, Caro, and other cities. The hospitals first superintendent, Dr. James Decker Munson, felt that if people were surrounded by beauty and tranquility, a lot of their mental problems would cease to exist. The use of straightjackets wasn’t even allowed. Also, as part of the “work is therapy” philosophy, the asylum provided opportunities for patients to gain a sense of purpose through farming, furniture construction, fruit canning, and other trades that kept the institution fully self-sufficient. The asylum also produced its own electricity and heat. Dr. James Decker Munson believed that mental asylums should be for the treatment of the patients, not just for storing the mentally ill. It was this belief that led the way for the natural environment of care he created for his patients, and originated the idea of therapeutic work for the mentally ill, who worked on the hospital farm. In 1881, the state chose Traverse City as the site for the Northern Michigan Asylum, where Dr. Munson was selected as...
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...individuals who have a mental illness must face. The vilifying demeanors toward emotional instability held by both the general population and the individuals who have a mental illness lead to sentiments of disgrace and remorse, loss of self-regard, social reliance, and a feeling of seclusion and misery. One of the most exceedingly bad results of shame is that individuals who are battling with an emotional sickness may be hesitant to look for treatment that would fundamentally dismiss their symptoms. By the 1970s, community mental health projects contracted their objectives to treatment of persons with long-term and crippling sicknesses and encouraged deinstitutionalization of this population. Some long-term patients were really exchanged to group and nursing homes, and different foundations in the community; however the deinstitutionalization viewpoint did result in noteworthy downsizing of expansive state healing facilities and of the aggregate hospitalized population. The population in expansive public mental doctor's facilities dropped from more than 500,000 to under 150,000. Amid the 1980’s and 1990’s, two developments emphatically influence community mental health care in the United States. The evidence-based practice development emerged from viability research and confirmation based prescription, and the recovery movement emerged from the encounters of clients of the mental health system. In the 2000’s, community mental health care in the United States was conquered by endeavors...
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...The Evolution of Mental Health Care University of Phoenix HCS/531 Mental Health care in the United States has evolved from a period where people with mental illnesses were considered to be possessed and shunned from society, to lobotomies, and community-based care. The stigma associated with mental illness and the limited public awareness that mental illnesses are treatable deters individuals from seeking care for mental illnesses. In the early 19th Century, many states built asylums which were housing units for individuals with mental illness. They were subjected to poor living and treatment conditions such as bloodletting and purging (Novella, 2010).With increased knowledge and education about mental illnesses, effective treatments are available. Various changes have occurred in the mental health field like societal attitudes, support, and service delivery which has made it more likely for those with mental illnesses to seek treatment. There has been significant progress in improving access to mental health services. In the early 1990s, there was a move toward deinstitutionalizing mental health patients. Patients institutionalized in state-run psychiatric facilities were moved and cared for in community settings versus the asylums (Knapp et al. 2011). The belief here was that if...
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...Homelessness: America’s Invisible Numbers As each decade passes there comes to light a new or growing national problem that faces our country. Our nation’s history is blanketed with social problems the American people have encountered, such as civil rights, recessions, political struggles, warfare, and increasing unemployment. Each of these issues has received media attention for the problems, complications, and obstacles they provide for the population. Each of these issues in their own right is important and needs to be addressed because it affects every person in the country. However, there is another problem that poses a challenge to the American people that does not receive the attention it so desperately needs. The issue is American homelessness, a segment of the population that continues to grow with each passing year. Homelessness is caused by a number of factors that differ for each person. The most significant causes of homelessness are the lack of affordable housing coupled with a national increase in poverty, mental illness and addiction disorders. According to the McKinney-Vento Act of 1987, a homeless person is defined as any person who lacks housing. This includes individuals whose primary residence during the night is a supervised public or private facility that provides temporary accommodations or an individual who is a resident in transitional housing. This means an individual who lacks fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence, and an individual...
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...Vulnerable Populations Vulnerable Populations All communities contain a mentally ill population. Their behavior is considered to be inappropriate and abnormal. Every society has cultivated solutions in which to treat the mentally ill in order to prevent disruption of the strong civil function. Normal behavior varies through generations and societies. When deciding if a person is mentally ill, the generation and culture must be taken into consideration. Approximately 26 percent of the U.S. population suffers from mental illness, with six percent of that percentage suffering from such debilitating mental afflictions that their ability to function is limited. The History of Mental Illness In ancient times, mental illness was thought to be madness caused by demonic possession. Skulls of the “mad” were drilled to allow the demon to escape. During the middle ages, mental illness was believed to be the result of witchcraft and demonic control. The tormented were treated as criminals and subject to torturous acts. They were often tied up and thrown into bitterly cold waters. If the person floated, they were considered to be a witch and were murdered in an inhumane and heinous manner. If the suspected sunk, they were found not guilty of witchcraft. The freezing water was accepted as a cure for “madness.” By the mid 1700’s, mental illness was considered an issue for the afflicted’s family. As the American colonies grew, the mentally ill began to negatively impact the society...
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