...such as chronic liver disease and dengue hemorrhagic fever. In most rural areas a health care institution is often inaccessible and most patients cannot afford high cost medication. Henceforth, herbal medicines are often used as an alternative treatment. Inadequacy of providing supportive treatment to correct the decrease of platelet is fatal to patients. Thus, several decoctions of herbal plants are purportedly used to improve platelet count. Recently, the mortality rate in heparin – induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) has been reported as high as 20% (Greinacher & Lubanow, 2003). Retrospective data shows that up to 8% of heparinized patients will develop the antibody associated with HIT and that approximately 1–5% of patients on heparin will progress to develop HIT with thrombocytopenia suffering from venous and/or arterial thrombosis in at least one-third of cases (Warkentin et al., 1998). Heparin – induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially devastating immune mediated adverse drug reaction caused by the emergence of antibodies that activate platelets in the presence of heparin. Despite thrombocytopenia, bleeding is rare; rather, HIT is strongly associated with thromboembolic complications such as death and amputation which involves in both arterial and venous systems (Franchini, 2005). One of the popular diseases in the tropical country that is responsible for the drastic decrease in platelet count (thrombocytopenia) could be Dengue as reported by the Department of Health...
Words: 1123 - Pages: 5
...entitled "Dengue Fever Cure using Tawa tawa" (released The month of January 2010, utilized July 2010), creates, "many individuals understand and also have attested in order to the truth that these people and many more happen to be healed associated with dengue using a simple grass. This particular grass is known as Gatas Gatas within the land associated with Leyte. However in Butuan and Cagayan de Oro these people call this “Tawa Tawa” · At the same time, a wesite upon Filipino therapeutic grass offers the organic category associated with Tawa Tawa grass as well as explains which, "its blossoms tend to be several, each about 5 to 8 cm across. Sepals as well as petals tend to be obovate-oblong, yellowish-green, as well as protected along with big, reddish-brown smears” The effectiveness of Tawa Tawa Plant · One of the studies proving Tawa Tawa's efficacy is an investigatory project entitled "The Effectivity of Euphorbia hirta L. (Tawa-tawa), Prepared in Teabag Form, on Increasing Platelet Levels in Mus musculus (White Mice)." The said science project won the Student Research Presentation sponsored by the College of Agriculture atXavier University - Ateneo de Cagayan in thePhilippines. · The said project, as the title suggests, probes on increasing blood platelet levels using Tawa Tawa plant. For the sake of conducting the actual research, students used white mice as their subject of experiment. Tawa Tawa Tea for Dengue Treatment ...
Words: 8092 - Pages: 33
...USE OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA (TAWA-TAWA) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DENGUE PATIENTS USE OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA (TAWA-TAWA) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DENGUE PATIENTS SUMMARY OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY/TOLERABILITY DATA Review of related literature revealed that there is no sufficient evidence to support the efficacy and safety of Euphorbia hirta (tawa-tawa) in the management of patients with dengue fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever INTRODUCTION Euphorbia hirta, more commonly known as tawa-tawa, gatas-gatas, or botobotonis in the Philippines, is a small, erect or ascending, slender-stemmed, annual herb, spreading up to 45 cm tall, though sometimes can be seen lying down. The plant has a hairy stem with many branches from the base to the top. The stem and leaves of E. hirta produce a white or milky juice when cut. This plant commonly grows in tropical countries, especially in roadsides and on wasteland. It is widely abundant in the Philippines.1,2,3 E. hirta is also known as E. pulifera, E. capitata, Chamaesyce hirta, snakeweed, pill-bearing spurge, hairy spurge, asthma weed, and asthma plant.4,5 Whole plant or leaf extracts of Euphorbia hirta is known to have a multitude of actions in the biological system.6 In Asia and Australia, the herb is widely used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of medical conditions including asthma, coughs, diarrhea, and dysentery. In east, central, and west Africa, a decoction of the herb is used to treat asthma, oral thrush, boils, sores, and...
Words: 1584 - Pages: 7
...Possibility of Papaya (Carica papaya) Leaf Extract to Increase Platelet Count Background of the Study Nowadays, many people especially children under the age of 15 are suffering from dengue hemorrhagic fever with about 2.5 billion (2/5 of the world population) are at risk and 50 million are infected worldwide annually, and a mortality rate ranging from 1 percent to 2.5 percent, for those who receive treatment. For those without treatment, the death rate could be 20 percent or higher. This viral illness is cause by a bite from a female Aedes Aegypti which lives in places that store water such as in the tires, bottles and cans. Dengue lowers the number of platelets in the blood and it may lead to bleeding or death since it cannot supply clotting due to thrombocytopenia (lower than normal number of platelets in the blood). In the Philippines, dengue is now one of the leading causes of the increase of mortality rate. It is the seventh leading cause of death in the country with more than 60,000 cases hospitalized and nearly 500 others died as of the year 2010 and it is said that it was the highest percentage ever recorded in the history of this problem in the country. It is thought to increase until the present time especially that today, weather is changing and El Niño phenomenon is occurring very often. Hence, the researchers came up of an idea on how to increase the number of platelets...
Words: 1449 - Pages: 6
...Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Background Euphorbia hirta, belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae which is a large family of dicotyledons, with about 300 genera and over 5,000 species. Here in the Philippines, the Euphorbia hirta, is commonly referred to as Tawa-tawa or Gatas-gatas in some provinces. It is also known as Asthma weed or Snake weed in the United States. The plants of 3 different species share Phoretic variations, these plants are: (1) Mutha (Cyperus rotundus), (2) Gatas-gatas (Euphorbia hirta) and (3) Botoncillo (Gomphena globosa). Tawa-tawa is usually very abundant in tropical regions such as the Philippines. A simple weed scattered in sunny lawns, waste places and open grasslands. It is pantropic in distribution. The plant is an annual, hairy herb, usually branched from the base, spreading up to 40 cm long. The stem is slender and often reddish and purplish in color, covered with yellowish bristly hairs especially in younger parts. The leaves are oppositely arranged, elliptical-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1 to 2.5 cm long, toothed at the edge, and blotched with purple in the middle. In the axils appear numerous involucres, purplish or greenish, dense, axillary, short stalk clusters or crowded cymes, about 1 mm long. The capsules are broadly ovoid, hairy, three-angled, about 1.5 cm. The small green flowers constitute the inflourescence characteristics of the euphorbias. The stem and the leaves produce white or milky juice when cut (Lind and Tallantire...
Words: 8195 - Pages: 33
...Chapter I: The Introduction A. Introduction Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that has become a major international public health concern. Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), a potentially lethal complication, was first recognized in the 1950’s during dengue epidemics in the Philippines and Thailand. DHF affects most Asian countries and has become a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. There are four distinct, but closely related, viruses that cause dengue. Recovery from infection by one provides lifelong immunity against that virus but confers only partial and transient protection against subsequent infection by the other three viruses. Sequential infection increases the risk of developing DHF.1 1 “Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever,” World Health Organization, March 2009, 15 Oct. 2011 <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en>. 2 There is no specific medicine or antibiotic to treat DHF. For typical dengue, the immediate concern is the relief of symptoms. Adequate fluid intake for proper body hydration and rest is important. All else will depend on the person’s immune system. However, since the Philippines is abundant with herbal medicines, the Tawa Tawa is being touted as an alternative cure to DHF. The Tawa Tawa is described as having numerous flowers which measures about 5 to 8 centimeters each with...
Words: 1554 - Pages: 7
...com/2011/10/makahiya-mimosa-pudica-root-extract-as.html"OvicideHYPERLINK "http://sip-mnhs.blogspot.com/2011/10/makahiya-mimosa-pudica-root-extract-as.html" against Dengue Mosquito (HYPERLINK "http://sip-mnhs.blogspot.com/2011/10/makahiya-mimosa-pudica-root-extract-as.html"AedesHYPERLINK "http://sip-mnhs.blogspot.com/2011/10/makahiya-mimosa-pudica-root-extract-as.html" HYPERLINK "http://sip-mnhs.blogspot.com/2011/10/makahiya-mimosa-pudica-root-extract-as.html"aegyptiHYPERLINK "http://sip-mnhs.blogspot.com/2011/10/makahiya-mimosa-pudica-root-extract-as.html") Eggs ------------------------------------------------- Submitted to: Myrna H. Conol SSR-III Caraga Regional Science High School San Juan, Surigao City ------------------------------------------------- In partial fullfilment of the requirements of Advanced Statistics Research ------------------------------------------------- Mary Ladyniel O. Apalisok III-Newton Introdution The incidence of dengue has grown dramatically around the world in recent decades. Over 2.5 billion people – over 40% of the world's population – are now at risk from dengue. Recently the number of reported cases has continued to increase. Dengue is caused by any one of four related viruses transmitted by mosquitoes. There are not yet any vaccines to prevent infection with dengue virus and the most effective protective measures are those that avoid mosquito...
Words: 1496 - Pages: 6
...Sources: http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/6783128-tawatawa-weed-a-cure-for-dengue http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Tawa-Tawa-A-Medicine/451174 http://www.foodrecap.net/health/gatas-gatas-others/ http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/11139/%E2%80%98tawa-tawa%E2%80%99-studied-in-fight-against-dengue Tawa Tawa ( Euphorbia hirta Linn)As Alternative Cure For Dengue Fever INTRODUCTION: Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that has become a major international public health concern. Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), a potentially lethal complication, was first recognized in the 1950’s during dengue epidemics in the Philippines and Thailand. DHF affects most Asian countries and has become a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. There are four distinct, but closely related, viruses that cause dengue. Recovery from infection by one provides lifelong immunity against that virus but confers only partial and transient protection against subsequent infection by the other three viruses. Sequential infection increases the risk of developing DHF. There is no specific medicine or antibiotic to treat DHF. For typical dengue, the immediate concern is the relief of symptoms. Adequate fluid intake for proper body hydration and rest is important. All else will depend on the person’s immune system. However, since the Philippines is abundant with herbal medicines...
Words: 333 - Pages: 2
...Dengue fever transmission has two generics both epidemic dengue or hyperendemic has become a pandemic ever since the Second World War II, widespread and it is an endemic in more than a hundred over countries in the tropical and subtropical region over the globe. The dengue fever is regulated by both the vector and regulated by the host. It is transmitted to humans through mosquito bites of the genus Aedes eminently A. aegypti but other susceptible species that can transmit this disease are the A.albopictus, A.polynesiensis, and A.scutellaris. The virus is of a single genome RNA type flavivirus derived from the family flaviviridae of which it have four serotypes namely DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4. Upon biting, the dengue virions bind to the Langerhans cells which are crucial in the infectivity of the translation of the viral protein embarking with the entry of RNA virus into the cytoplasm after the fusion of the cell membrane with the virus in an acidified endocytic vesicle. Then the RNA virus is translated and a negative-strand viral RNA is formed which serves as the template for the production of other RNA viruses. It is released to the bloodstream via exocytosis and more reticulocytes will be infected. In a hyperendemic dengue fever, it is delineated by the interminable circulation of multifarious viral serotypes in a place of susceptible hosts. The aftermath of an Aedes bite is detrimental to the health. Speaking from my friend’s experience that is, she had a gruesome...
Words: 574 - Pages: 3
...Review Article 539 Dengue Prophylactic Platelet Transfusion—Changa Kurukularatne et al When Less is More: Can We Abandon Prophylactic Platelet Transfusion in Dengue Fever? Changa Kurukularatne,1,2MD, Frederico Dimatatac,1,2MD, Diana LT Teo,3MBBS, MSc, FRCPath, David C Lye,1,2,4 MBBS, FRACP, FAMS, Yee Sin Leo,1,2,5 M.Med (Int Med), FRCP, FAMS Abstract Dengue fever (DF) has several hematological manifestations including thrombocytopenia and increased bleeding risk. Prophylactic platelet transfusion—in the absence of major bleeding—is utilized in DF with thrombocytopenia with the intention of preventing hemorrhagic complications. However, prophylactic platelet transfusion in DF is neither standardized nor supported by clinical evidence. We conclude that risks, costs and poor resource utilization associated with prophylactic platelet transfusion in DF far outweigh any potential hematological benefit, and as such, should not constitute routine clinical practice. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2011;40:539-45 Key words: Thrombocytopenia, Preventitive, Arbovirus, Bleeding, Hemorrhage Introduction Dengue fever (DF) is the most common mosquito-borne human viral illness worldwide, and has rapidly spread to reach hyper-endemic proportions in the urban tropics over the last quarter of a century.1 With an estimated 2.5 billion people at risk and a global annual incidence of 50 million cases, DF has been identified as an example of a potential international public health emergency.2...
Words: 1019 - Pages: 5
...transmission, treatment, and prevention of the virus. West Nile Virus (WNV) is a virus that is normally seen in the Middle East, Africa, and West Asia through a patient located in Uganda (Henley, 2003). WNV can infect dogs, birds, horses, squirrels, mosquitos, humans, and other mammals. It was thought to have evolved from Israel, and has spread swiftly throughout the United States. The numbers of cases reported were from 20 to 60 per year, until in 2002 when the number rose to above 4,000 (Henley, 2003). The virus exhibits in various ways such as asymptomatic, mild, and severe infections that demonstrate specific outcomes. When the individual is asymptomatic there are no signs or symptoms of the virus. Mild infection or West Nile Fever carries symptoms of nausea and emesis, rash, muscle pain, enlarged lymph nodes, headaches, anorexia, and discomfort (Google, 2012). According to the Journal of Family Practice approximately 20% of individuals that are infected show these symptoms and a gestation time of 3 to 14 days and lasts anywhere from 3 to 6 days. The next way that WNV manifests is through severe infection otherwise called neuroinvasive disease. At this level, the individual/patient will develop encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), meningitis (inflammation of the brain and spinal cord), or sudden paralysis affecting the nervous system (Nordqvist, 2012)....
Words: 1005 - Pages: 5
...How c a n p eop le red uc e the c ha nc e of g etting infec ted ? Avoid Mosquito Bites Make sure windows and doors are ?bug tight.? Repair or replace screens. Stay indoors at dawn and dusk, if possible, when mosquitoes are most active. Wear a long sleeve shirt, long pants, and a hat when going into mosquito infested areas, such as wetlands or woods. Use mosquito repellent when necessary. Read the label and carefully follow the instructions. Take special care when using repellent on children. Change the water in your birdbaths, fountains, wading pools, and animal troughs at least twice a week. Change the water in your birdbaths, fountains, wading pools, and animal troughs at least twice a week. Recycle unused containers that can collect water? bottles, cans, and buckets. Make sure roof gutters drain properly; and clean clogged gutters in the spring and fall. Fix leaky outdoor faucets and sprinklers. T ether we c a n fig ht og the b ite! Don? Give Mosquitoes t a Home Empty anything that holds standing water? old tires, buckets, plastic covers, flowerpots, and toys Empty anything that holds standing water? old tires, buckets, plastic covers, flowerpots, and toys Group 4 Ca nla p a n, Ka trina Sa ng a la ng , Nika ela Ma na lo, Ha rriet Da niel, Jethro T ng la o, Va nesha a Ad ria no, Pa tric k All rights reserved. 2016 W EST NILE VI RUS Do you know wha t 's bi t i ng you? WHAT IS WEST NILE VIRUS? SYMPT OMS ...
Words: 615 - Pages: 3
... 2016) For a long time, Zika virus disease was confined to the equatorial regions of Asia and Africa” (Virus D. a., 2016); “The Zika virus is an endemic microorganism in Africa and Asia; it is related to a group of viruses named flaviviruses and is connected to the dengue virus” (Virus T. Z., 2016) However, during the post-2005 period, Zika virus disease began to spread to other parts of the world too. The appearance in South America has been linked to an increased incidence of microcephaly (small head and brain practice) among newborns (causation has not been established yet). “Recent studies have pointed to the fact that the Zika virus has the potential to be extended to those regions of the United States, where more than 60% of the population (200 million) reside” (Virus D. a., 2016). As malaria and dengue fever are believed to Zika virus to spread by mosquitoes bite; Aedes aegypti is considered to be the culprit. This species of mosquito is the same that is involved in the spread of diseases of dengue and chikungunya. Some Ideas: * Where Zika virus is present? * What are the symptoms of the disease virus Zika? * How you can diagnose Zika? * What is the difference between the Zika, dengue and chikungunya? * About Prevention * What Steps is taking the World Health Organization? * Zika virus is present in tropical areas with high density of mosquitoes. It is known that circulating in Africa, the Americas, South Asia and the western Pacific...
Words: 1220 - Pages: 5
...Facts about the Zika virus: Surge in birth defects- microcephaly suspected to be from Mosquito borne Zika virus in South America Suspected up to 4 million causes on this continent May also cause Guillian Barre – 2.3 cases per 1000 Zika cases Need a vaccine for Zika- can take over a year to develop Transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito – also transmits dengue fever and chikangunya virus WHO to determine if it should be considered a “public health emergency of international concern” No treatment Flu like symptoms- low fever, headache, joint pain, rashes Red Cross asking people who have traveled overseas to wait at least 4 weeks before donating blood (Larson, 2016) After watching the movie Contagion and researching articles on the Zika virus, I noticed some similarities and some differences. The virus in the movie was much more deadly and acute than the Zika virus, it was spread through human contact, and it caused worldwide panic. The Zika virus is being linked to other serious health concerns and in most cases only presents with mild symptoms. In both instances the WHO and CDC are scrambling for a vaccine. Both can be considered pandemics because they are infectious and affecting multiple continents. Primary prevention refers to the measures taken to prevent the disease or injury (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014). Primary prevention in the case of Zika would be getting rid of stagnant water, using insect repellent, restricting travel...
Words: 377 - Pages: 2
...Culture and Disease – West Nile Virus Julia Williams HCS/245 October 7, 2013 Wendy Smith Culture and Disease – West Nile Virus West Nile virus is a mosquito borne virus that was considered a minor risk to humans until the early 1990’s and according to Wikipedia (2013), by 2012 was considered an endemic pathogen in Africa, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and the United States, which has experiences one of its worst epidemics with West Nile virus. West Nile virus has an incubation period of 2 to 15 days and symptoms may include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, nausea, and vomiting. West Nile virus can cause West Nile encephalitis and West Nile meningitis in the elderly population. Ages 50 and over are more susceptible to the neurological disorders associated with West Nile virus. Even though anyone can be affected by West Nile virus, the elderly have a higher rate of contracting the virus because they tend to have more pre-existing health concerns and tend to take less precautionary steps to protect themselves against the virus. There is no vaccination available for West Nile virus and the best methods of prevention are insect repellant and eliminating possible mosquito breeding grounds around the home and community. Environmental Factors and Transmission Methods Environmental factors play a large role in the spread of West Nile virus. Areas specifically that experience mild winters and hot summers are perfect breeding grounds...
Words: 1151 - Pages: 5
