...Depression in this day in age is a very common occurrence in all individuals at some point in their life time. There is several different type of life events that happen to us that can cause the traits of depression to appear. Some of the most common life events that cause depression are traumatic events, death of loved ones, change in job, or even changes within one’s family life. These events that we experience can define how we as individuals will react to stressors within our lifestyles. On top of all these normal life events that most of us will experience there is a large percentage of individuals in the United States who will suffer from clinical depression and mental illness. These psychological disorders can range from severe to mild. Most individuals at some point in their lifetime will experience one or more symptoms of clinical depression. These symptoms can cause an individual not to be able to function as they normally would as well as increase the overall risk of suicide. This type of depression is known as Unipolar depression as classified by (Comer, 2005). These symptoms can also be seen in mood disorders. The disorder that these symptoms come into play with is called bipolar disorder. Throughout this paper I will explain the main causes, symptoms and treatment options that are available for these disorders. Through the use of the (DSM) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual we find that unipolar depression is defined as a major depressive state of being that...
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...Depression Amy Psych270 02/09/14 Depression There are two types of mood disorders I will be discussing, unipolar depression and bipolar. With each mood disorder there are very specific symptoms that can distinguish which disorder a person may be diagnosed with. After diagnosing the disorder, there are several types of treatments that can help a person live a more functional life. Understanding the symptoms to a disorder will be the key to getting help. There are different symptoms of unipolar depression such as emotional, motivational, behavioral, cognitive, and physical symptoms. Emotional symptoms may include sadness, emptiness, and a loss of pleasure, anxiety, anger, as well as crying episodes. Motivational symptoms can include not wanting to do what usually makes you happy, no drive, lack of spontaneity, and just a feeling of withdrawal. Some of the behavioral symptoms can be lying in bed more than usual, wanting to be alone, sometimes a persons talking and movement is slower than normal. Cognitive symptoms can be lots of negativity especially against themselves, and belief they are the cause for most problems in their life, they rarely or never give themselves praise for the good that they bring, hopelessness is another symptom and this is the one that makes suicide a higher risk. Some physical symptoms can include lots of ailments, such as headaches, stomach aches, also sleeping too much or too little. A person does not have to have symptoms in all areas, however...
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...Depression has a varied spectrum of severity, from minor feelings of discomfort and sadness to major and severe depression. Dysthymia, also called persistent depressive disorder, is a “depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, as indicated by either subjective account or observation by others, for at least 2 years¨ (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013, p. 168). This chronic state of depression is not severe as the ones experienced in Major Depression, but they are significant enough to cause problems and obstacles on everyday lives. According to Psychiatric Times about 2.5% of the American population fulfill the criteria to be diagnosed with Dysthymia (Uher, 2014). Dysthymia is a mood disorder that is characterized by many symptoms. According to the DSM-V by the American Psychiatric Association, people suffering from Dysthymia will have a poor appetite or they will overeat, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, and finally feelings of hopelessness (2013, p. 168). Dysthymia in more severe cases can also cause people to lose interest in daily activities and sometimes even withdraw completely from engaging in them. In children, “dysthymia sometimes occurs along with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), behavioral or learning disorders, anxiety disorders, or developmental disabilities.” (Mayo Clinic, 2012). Some symptoms that may appear in children with Dysthymia...
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...Depression is like being buried alive with barely a square inch in front of your face in which it’s hard to breath. Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by sadness, loss of interest. Symptoms of depression may include difficulty concentrating, thoughts of suicide, lack of interest in or pleasure from activities that were enjoyed once, persistently sad etc. Depression was previously known as Melancholia. Physicians in the Persian and then the Muslim world developed ideas about Melancholia during the Islamic golden age. In the 19th century Persian physician Avicenna described Melancholia as a depressive type of mood disorder. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2012, an estimated 10 million adults aged eighteen or older in the U.S. had at least one major depressive in the past one year. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, major depressive disorder is characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a person's ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy once-pleasurable activities. There are times you may feel sad, lonely, or hopeless for a few days. But major depression, clinical depression lasts longer and is disabling. It can prevent you from functioning normally. An episode of clinical depression may occur only once in a person's lifetime. More often, though, it recurs throughout a person's life. In addition, with major depression, one of the symptoms must be either a persistent depressed mood or...
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...Depression is a disorder that is indicated by a depressed mood or less of interest or pleasure in usual activities. Depression is also defined as an illness; the feelings of depression persist and interfere with a child or adults ability to function. Depression is a term that has been used to describe unstable feelings, a psychological disorder, and a health problem that’s described by a group of related symptoms. Depression can be hard and painful experience that affects not only the individual, but also the people around the individual suffers. Depression can have some people wanting or needing to isolate themselves from the social norm, low on energy, sadness, very low self-esteem, and feeling hopelessness and unwanted. With, Depression one minute the victim mood can be up and the next minute its down. Obvious, Depression can be triggered by family personal issues, martial issues, financial issues, and loss of a loved one. During depression the feelings are strong and persistent to where the victim can have trouble sleeping, eating, withdrawal and inactivity, self-punishment, and loss of pleasure. Depression also brings on poor concentration or inability to think and/or make decisions and constant outburst of crying; sometimes the victim doesn't know why they are crying. Depression is a common ailment of society, no one is immune and people of all ages and of every social, racial, ethnic, and economic group can be victims. Victims that is affected by depression are unlikely...
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...Presented here it is a critical evaluation of biological approach for treatment of depression. Antidepressant are the most common biological treatment for this type of disorder, but treatments such as Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), alteration in sleep patterns following body temperature cycle are also used to relief the symptoms of depression. However antidepressant drugs provide an effective and inexpensive help, studies have found that the behavioural effects of these drugs could take over two weeks before showing any benefit and any perceived effect before this period would be a placebo effect (Kalat, 2001). Some studies proposed the existence of a two models markers for depression: Biological/endogenous & psychological/reactive depression. Based on this assumption an endogenous depression would only respond to a pharmacological treatment while a psychological depression would only respond to psychological treatment (Free & Oei, 1989). Further we will evaluate the effectiveness of a combined (cognitive-behavioural therapy and antidepressant) intervention in order to achieve a better outcome on treatment of depression. Depression is one of the most common illnesses and is characterised by symptoms such as loss of energy, sadness, difficulty in concentration and in the most serious cases the patient can contemplate or commit suicide. Research found that women are more likely to suffer from depression, with depressive episodes more probable to occur between 25 to 44 years...
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...moment to moment or day to day, but they can be prolonged states as well which color the whole psychic life for long periods of time. Bipolar disorder is an disorder that affects people mood swings and their everyday lives. There are many people that are dealing with this disorder. Bipolar has its ups and down that comes with the disorder. Bipolar disorder can be traced back to a family member and can be hereditary. There are many ways to manage the disorder and get information about the disorder. A person can lean the cause of the disorder, diagnosis, sign and symptoms, treatments, and medications. Bipolar disorder is known as manic-depressive illness. It is a brain disorder that cause usual shifts in the mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day- to- day tasks. The symptoms of bipolar disorder are severe. The bipolar disorder cycle can last for days, weeks, or months. Bipolar disorder symptoms can result in damaged relationships, poor job performance and school, and even can lead to suicide. Unlike the ordinary mood swings, the mood changes of bipolar disorder are so intense that they can interfere with your ability to function. The disorder can be treated and people with this illness can lead full and productive lives. Bipolar disorder often develops in a person’s late teens or early adult years. Half of the cases start before the age of 25....
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...world was falling apart, and there was not anything that you could do to fix it? Unfortunately, this is the case for millions of people every day who suffer from major depression. Major depression can present itself in many forms, display various symptoms, and have different treatment options based on the individual’s level of depression. Although some do not consider major depression severe, it is a disease that can cripple and destroy one’s life if they do not receive adequate help. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder having a clinical course involving one or more episodes of severe psychological depression lasting two or more weeks each with no intervening episodes of mania (Major Depressive Disorder, n.d.). Major depression makes it almost impossible to sleep, eat, study, and enjoy the everyday joys in life. Major Depression can last for six months and range from mild to severe if not treated. A person suffering from major depression has a much shorter life span compared to people not suffering from depression (Major Depressive Disorder, 2013). This crippling disease often leads to cowardly actions by people suffering and they end up committing suicide due to frustration. Researchers have found that approximately 3.4% of suicidal cases in the United States are a result of depression. This is a major cause of concern in our society. Major Depressive Disorder is the leading cause of disability in the United States for ages 15-44 (National Institute...
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...Depression Christina Kracht PSY/270 November 23, 2014 Dr. Tom King Depression Everyone suffers from some type of depression in their lives. Some experience a more severe level of depression than others. The severity of depression will vary from person to person. In the next few paragraphs, you will read about the differences between unipolar and bipolar disorder, as well as, their symptoms, causes, and treatments. Unipolar disorder is also known as clinical depression or major depressive disorder. With this disorder people will only experience depression and have no signs of mania. According to (Kerr, 2012), “people that experience unipolar disorder are more likely to use alcohol or other illegal substances, have an increase in mental and physical health issues, and they have a greater risk of suicide.” Unipolar disorder can also affect a person’s everyday life and activities. Unipolar episodes can occur only once, but usually occur more than once. Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental disorders. There are many different symptoms to unipolar disorder. “With unipolar disorder there can be emotional, motivational, behavioral, cognitive, and physical symptoms” (Comer, 2010). Some emotional symptoms that may occur are sadness, anxiety, anger, or agitation. Motivational symptoms that can occur are a lack of interest or social withdraws such as friends, work, or sexual interest. There are also behavioral symptoms like slow moving, slower...
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...by mood disorders ( The two main types of mood disorders are bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder which are described as disturbances in mood, behavior and emotion.“ Bipolar disorder is a complex disorder in which the core feature is pathological disturbance in mood ranging from extreme elation, or mania, to severe depression usually accompanied by disturbances in thinking and behavior, which may include psychotic symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations” (Craddock, Jones 1999). Major depressive disorder or unipolar depression is characterized by a consistent low mood and lack of interest in things typically enjoyed .A second classification of major depressive disorder, is dysthymic disorder which is a chronic but less severe form of major depression (John W. Santrock 2007). Also major depression has many subgroups including seasonal affect disorder and postpartum depression. While there are many treatment options for the symptoms of mood disorders and promising scientific research, much is still unknown about a disorder that affects so many lives. According to Dinsmoor, R. S. &ump; Odle, T. G. (2009), bipolar depression refers to a condition in which people experience two extremes in mood. The bipolar spectrum includes; bipolar I, bipolar 2, bipolar NOS (not otherwise specified) and cyclothymia and all are related to disturbances in mood but differ in severity of symptoms. They are differentiated by the “impact the symptoms have on the person’s social or occupational...
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...Instructor: Jennifer Shultz July 09th, 2012 Running Head…… Depression 1. Introduction There are many individuals in the world that are depressed for many different reasons. For example, many individuals can become depressed as a way of reacting to loss of a love one, a job, life's struggles, or a low self-esteem. When depression occurs, many individuals experience feelings of intense sadness including feeling helpless, hopeless, and worthless. These symptoms may last for days to weeks and may keep a person from being able to function normally.I chose this topic to understand why individual may become victims of depression as well how different treatment alternative can assist individuals to cope with depression. According to the article there are many different signs as well as causes of depression. To name a few of the signs of depression is Symptoms of Depression such as low and irritable moods, trouble sleeping, feeling of worthiness, difficulty concentrating as well as repeated thoughts of suicide. There are several types of depression disorders that individuals have been diagnosed with. For example, Major depression is an episode of change in mood that lasts for weeks or months. It is one of the most severe...
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...Depression Paper Nuewana Fultz 8/15/2015 PSY/270 Debbi Kutner University of Phoenix Unipolar and Bipolar There is often a confusion between Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Disorder Depression due to the fact they share the same symptoms of sadness, hopelessness, pessimism; anxiety and sleep problems; although Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Depression take very different directions. It is important that we are able to tell them apart and understand the differences in diagnosing and treating these disorders. Making an inaccurate diagnosis can result in making the disorder worse. There are two types of mood disorders: Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Disorder. It is believed both are genetic disorders and they share many of the same symptoms. These disorders differ in treatments, and some of the symptoms are also different. Both can be very severe and carry a risk of suicide. Unipolar Depression Unipolar depression is a mood disorder that is categorized by depression without mania. Depression and mania are the opposite of each other; depression is a state of sadness that one is overcome by all of life’s challenges, whereas mania is when one is on a state of elation and has extravagant beliefs that the world is theirs. Unipolar can be brought on by many different types of circumstances one experiences chemically or in life’s...
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...involves a severe distortion of reality; there are five different types and it is difficult to determine the difference between them. Additionally, because symptoms of schizophrenia tends to develop slowly over time and vary from patient to patient, it is often difficult to diagnose the disorder. This being said, it is important that there is an effort put forth to try to discover more beneficial treatments and hopefully a cure. Furthermore, through research, the diagnosing process of the disorder can be sped up and made to be much more accurate. Symptoms that set schizophrenia apart from other disorders include, but are not limited to: a decline in functioning, illogical thinking, delusions, hallucinations, lack of emotion, and withdrawal from social events. From there the disorder is divided into five categories or types: disorganized schizophrenia, paranoid schizophrenia, catatonic schizophrenia, undifferentiated schizophrenia, and residual schizophrenia. Disorganized schizophrenia often consists of inappropriate laughter, incoherent speech, infantile and sometimes obscene behavior. Paranoid schizophrenia symptoms include: delusions, hallucinations, lack of judgement, and unpredictable behavior. Disturbances in movement, which can include the loss of all movement or wild, violent movements, occurs in catatonic schizophrenia. Those labeled under undifferentiated schizophrenia have a mix of symptoms from other types and those with residual have minor signs after a severe episode...
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...“manic-depressive disorder,” is one of the oldest disorders that dates back to the second century. Aretaeus, who lived in the ancient city Cappadocia in Turkey, was the first to find and connect symptoms of mania and depression. Jules Farlet connected depression to suicide in 1854 and led to the term “Bipolar Disorder.” He found that moments of depression were linked to heightened moods and saw that there was a difference between this and simple depression. In 1875, these findings led to the term of “Manic-Depressive Psychosis.” He also later found a genetic link with this disorder. Francois Baillarger found and explained the depressive phase of the disorder and then received its own classification as a mental illness because of this finding. Emil Krapelin created the term manic-depressive after a study focusing on the how manic states effect depression. After fifteen years, the disorder was accepted and became a big theory of the 1930’s. An article, published in The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorder in 1952, showed that there was a genetic link in the disorder and that there is a chance that manic depression can run in the family. The 1960’s saw many cases of people with the disorder that were being institutionalize and were barely helped because Congress refused to treat manic depression as an actual illness. The 1970’s saw laws and standards to help people with the disorder, which led to the foundation of the National Association of Mental Health in 1979. In 1980, Bipolar...
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...Treatments for Depression Treating depression is truly imperative to help get things back on track. When you’re depressed, it can feel like you’ll never get out from under a dull shadow. However, even the most serious depression is treatable. So, if your depression is keeping you from living the life you need to, don’t hesitate to look for help. Learning about your depression treatment choices will assist you with choosing what approach is a good fit for you. From therapy to medication to healthy lifestyle changes, there are numerous effective treatments that can assist you with overcoming depression and recover your life. Treating depression is really essential to help get things back on the track. There are diverse strategies used to treat...
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