...Danielle Gulbranson Professor Scott English Comp 2 February 19, 2013 Depression Can Be Beat, No Drugs Needed If you suffer from depression, you know how hard it can be to cope. One of the well-known solutions to depression are antidepressants but before getting prescribed medicine, you should know that there are ways to overcome severe depression without drugs and that twenty to fifty percent of those suffering from depression find no relief from the antidepressants they are prescribed. Half of those who do find relief, discontinue use of their medication due to the side effects and those who stopped the use of meds have had their symptoms return (Love 13). In the story “A Blizzard under the Blue Sky” written by Pam Houston, the author is depressed. The author consults with a psychiatrist about her depression in which the doctor recommends to her anti- depressants. She thinks that the best remedy for depression is not to be dumbed down by meds but to be immersed in the wild and face death itself. In the wild, Houston experiences dangerous situations such as mountain climbing and hunting wild animals. Her mood soon improved as she focused on the beauty of the wilderness. Pam Houston used nature to invigorate her mind and calm her nerves. People may not relate to camping as the best way to ease one’s mind, but however there are other outlets to achieve peace and serenity. One of the ways I keep myself from getting depressed is watching crime shows featured on the Identity...
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...increasingly recognized in medicine and therefore numerous methods of treatment including biological, pharmacological, psychological are used to treat various psychological disease. In other words peoples use drugs to fight against psychological problems considering that connection between physical and mental state is significant. Drugs for the treatment of mental disease and psychological disorders firstly appear in 1950s in the form of iproniazid. It was created in the early 50’s in the United States. The main purpose of this drug was to increase the effectiveness of treatment of tuberculosis with antibiotics. As side effects doctors observed hyperactivity and mood improvement of the patients....
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...Presented here it is a critical evaluation of biological approach for treatment of depression. Antidepressant are the most common biological treatment for this type of disorder, but treatments such as Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), alteration in sleep patterns following body temperature cycle are also used to relief the symptoms of depression. However antidepressant drugs provide an effective and inexpensive help, studies have found that the behavioural effects of these drugs could take over two weeks before showing any benefit and any perceived effect before this period would be a placebo effect (Kalat, 2001). Some studies proposed the existence of a two models markers for depression: Biological/endogenous & psychological/reactive depression. Based on this assumption an endogenous depression would only respond to a pharmacological treatment while a psychological depression would only respond to psychological treatment (Free & Oei, 1989). Further we will evaluate the effectiveness of a combined (cognitive-behavioural therapy and antidepressant) intervention in order to achieve a better outcome on treatment of depression. Depression is one of the most common illnesses and is characterised by symptoms such as loss of energy, sadness, difficulty in concentration and in the most serious cases the patient can contemplate or commit suicide. Research found that women are more likely to suffer from depression, with depressive episodes more probable to occur between 25 to 44 years old...
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...There are many drugs available on the market claiming to treat depression, which have already been proven effective. However, there are currently no drugs on the market that can treat chronic pain in addition to depression. Thus, it would be to the advantage of Eli Lilly to strategically pursue clinical studies of Cymbalta for the pain indication. The goal of Eli Lilly is to develop a successor to their blockbuster antidepressant drug, Prozac, which only has a few years remaining on its patent protection. Therefore, the looming introduction of competing generic drugs and the soon to be approved Paxil are in the midst of potentially taking away some of its market share. The antidepressant drug market is highly competitive (See APPENDIX A), which means that companies must spend a lot to promote and advertise these products to remain viable. Of note, many patients that suffer from depression also have other underlying issues such as chronic pain in the head, neck and/or shoulders. Unfortunately, in the past physicians had not taken the pain aspect very seriously. In fact, many physicians/psychiatrists believed that the pain did not really exist, and was merely in the minds of the patients that were suffering from depression. Neurologists on the other hand, postulated that the presence of physical pain could cause depression, hence it is important to treat for pain when treating depression. Recent studies have connected aspects of depression to pain, such as depression representing...
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...re-test old research, the evidence of positive improvements are becoming harder to deny. This report shows that even though scientists are trying to disprove the effectiveness of antidepressants, the evidence of the scientific facts prove that antidepressants work for depression. Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables iv Glossary of Terms v General Information vii Thesis Statement vii Report Audience vii Author’s Purpose vii Argumentative Requirements Fulfillment Statement vii Introduction 1 Americans and Depression 2 Background of Depression and Antidepressants 4 Depression 4 Antidepressants 5 Depression Scale 5 Clinical Trials 6 Claims..................... 6 The Truth ......................................................................................................................................6 Prescribing methods 8 Placebo Effect 8 Efficacy of Antidepressants 9 Antidepressants and Levels of Depression 9 New Research 10 Pharmaceutical Companies 10 References 13 List of Figures and Tables Table 1. Depression Statistics…………………………………………………………………....3 Table 2. FDA Drug Review Steps Simplified…………………………………………………...11 Glossary of Terms Antidepressants This is a drug used for the treatment of...
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...a suitable replacement for Prozac their most profitable antidepressant drug. Prozac’s patent was due to expire in December of 2003. The expiration of Prozac’s patent would allow other pharmaceutical companies to market their generic version of the drug at a lower price. There are four members of the members of the NAT John Kaiser the marketing director at Eli Lilly, Mark Demitrack a psychiatrist and co-leader of NAT, Brett Schmidli a project development expert and co-leader of NAT, and Jim Lancanster the Prozac expert. The NAT was tasked with discussing and evaluating what drug could be developed to elevate depression in its patients and serve as the predecessor to Prozac. The NAT begin its evaluation by focusing on Eli Lilly’s five assets. The five assets were drug products that could be developed into the predecessor. The NAT decided to conduct research on the five assets to determine, which one could be developed into its next flagship depression drug. Asset 1 is R-fluoxetine, which Eli Lilly entered into a licensing agreement with Sepracor to further develop and market this drug but clinical trial stopped due to patient inability to stomach the drug. Asset 2 is olanzapine-fluoxetine combination (OFC), included Zyprexa and ingredient in Prozac. OFC was approved by FDA to treat bipolar, which is a smaller market compared to major depressive disorder (MDD). Asset 3 is 5HT2 antagonist SSRI drug study was stopped due to its harmful effects found in animals. Asset 4...
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...serious health problems ranging from heart disease and liver disease, to respiratory issues, just to name a few ("Risk of Disease with Drug Use - Alcohol Rehab," 2008). An individual who uses substances also increases their risk for contracting infectious diseases, such as, sexually transmitted infections and blood borne diseases, including Hepatitis and HIV/AIDS. These infectious diseases may be treatable conditions, or terminal illnesses (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1999). Many people are aware that intravenous drug use and needle sharing (or sharing drug preparation equipment – “works”) can transmit blood borne diseases (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014). What isn’t as widely known is the role substance use plays in general, contributing to the dangers involved. When an individual chooses to engage in substance use, no matter the route of administration, the substance causes a person’s immune system to be lowered. Therefore, their body is more susceptible to infections and harmful diseases ("Risk of Disease with Drug Use - Alcohol Rehab," 2008). Under the influence, a substance user lacks the ability to make sound judgements and often engages in high risk behaviors and activities. Fueled by the substance or the need for the substance, a drug user may be more vulnerable to transactional sex (sex in exchange for drugs, money, food or shelter), increasing the likelihood of unprotected intercourse or irresponsible sexual encounters (U.S. Department...
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...Researchers show that the main difference between the two disorders begins with the archaic mind-brain. In other words the neuropsychological disorders are thought to be a product of a dysfunctional brain. Psychiatric disorders are those assumed to be products of dysfunctional minds, absent in the brains pathology. In recent studies we have learned these two types of disorders are closely related however, there tends to be some differences between them such as experiential factors. Some common psychiatric disorders are schizophrenia, depression, mania, anxiety disorders, and tourette syndrome. No matter what research shows us as far as relation of two types of disorders, it is important to remember how serious some of them can be. In order to understand some of the disorders one should know about what they do and what happens to the individual who suffers from them including drugs that can help or negative effects of association by certain drugs used in common psychiatric disorders. The term schizophrenia was coined in the early 20th century, meaning- splitting of psychic functions. Schizophrenia is the disease which most commonly associates with the concept of madness and occurs in all races in the world. Schizophrenia has had a variety of theories but the one that remains is the fact of changing or worsening symptoms during progression of this disorder. Another theory proven true is the life experiences of an individual. In the people who have a biological tendency for this...
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...Schizophrenia, Depression and Mania, Anxiety disorder and Tourette syndrome. Schizophrenia is an extremely complex disorder with several different types including; catatonic, paranoid, disorganized, undifferentiated and residual. Schizophrenia is characterized by positive and negative symptoms. The symptoms are considered positive or negative because they are behaviors that are either “bizarre” excesses or lacking in a persons character. (Comer, 2011). Symptoms may include things like hallucinations, delusions, illogical speech or thought, bag hygiene, reduction in emotional expression, reduced speech and no motivation. There are different theories behind the causes of schizophrenia but the main biological theories include brain abnormalities or chemical imbalance with the dopamine neurotransmitter, genetics or even the possibility that exposure to a virus during fetal development is the cause. (Comer, 2011). Antipsychotic drugs are typically used to treat this disorder and can greatly reduce symptoms. There are the conventional antipsychotic and the newer atypical antipsychotic drugs. While each has their ups and down the conventional drugs tend to cause motor disturbances while the atypical neuroleptics can cause weight gain, diabetes and issues with fat regulation. Many people experience depression at one point during their lives. Depression is an affective disorder that can be unipolar or bipolar. When depression is bipolar it has periods of depression followed by...
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...Treatment Issue Regarding the Possible Efficacy of Psilocybin on Depression Jennifer Pepper The Chicago School of Professional Psychology MM627 Clinical Psychopathology Tonya Bennett, Ph.D. Summer 2014 - Final Paper Treatment Issue Regarding the Possible Efficacy of Psilocybin on Depression For thousands of years, humans have been using psychedelic plants all over the world for healing purposes. Despite this fact, in 1971, these medicines were classified as schedule I drugs. Schedule I drugs are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse or drugs that have no recognized medical uses. After 40 years of almost-total prohibition, psychologists, psychiatrists and neuroscientists are reassessing the role of psychedelic drugs. This research paper will focus on the classical serotonergic psychedelic called psilocybin or the so-called ‘magic mushroom’ and it’s clinical potential in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. First, it is important to recognize certain facts about psilocybin that may be unknown due to misperceptions about the plant. Psilocybin is not known to cause damage to the brain or any other organs in the body and is regarded as non-addictive (Nichols, 2004; as cited in Krebs & Johansen, 2013). In fact, studies have found that psilocybin may lead to neurogenesis, or the regrowth of brain cells (Catlow et al., 2013). Psilocybin can cause sustained positive changes in attitudes, mood and behavior, and a recent study suggests it may be helpful...
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...One psychological therapy to treat depression is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). CBT therapists believe maladaptive thoughts cause us to misinterpret reality leading to distressing emotions, physical symptoms and dysfunctional behaviour, which can cause depression. The aim of CBT is to identify and then alter these maladaptive thoughts as well as any dysfunctional behaviour, which may be contributing to depression. They will first look at how the negative schema affects current behaviour and try and teach individuals how to see the link between their thoughts, emotions and behaviour. This process is called ‘thought catching’. When the NAT’s are identified the therapist will often present evidence to challenge their negative thinking and think of other ways of explaining a situation using normal cognitions. The patient will be set homework where they may have to do a task/ experiment or have to write a diary which records emotions. In the case of a ‘task’ the therapist will set something the person can do such as taking the minutes at a meeting. They will then discuss the outcome of the task at the next session. CBT believes that by maximising the cognitive change you can maximise the effectiveness of the therapy session. CBT is a more active therapy compared to drugs with patients having to take a role in the treatment. There are usually between 16-20 sessions of which a person has a couple a week and then they may have booster sessions sparsely spread throughout the year...
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...Major Drug Interaction: Applies to: venlafaxine, mirtazapine MONITOR CLOSELY: Concomitant use of agents with serotonergic may potentiate the risk of serotonin syndrome, which is a rare but serious and potentially fatal condition thought to result from hyperstimulation of brainstem 5-HT1A and 2A receptors. Symptoms of the serotonin syndrome may include mental status changes such as irritability, altered consciousness, confusion, hallucinations, and coma; autonomic dysfunction such as tachycardia, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, shivering, blood pressure lability, and mydriasis; neuromuscular abnormalities such as hyperreflexia, myoclonus, tremor, rigidity, and ataxia; and gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. MANAGEMENT: In general, the concomitant use of multiple serotonergic agents should be avoided if possible, or otherwise approached with caution if potential benefit is deemed to outweigh the risk. Patients should be closely monitored for symptoms of the serotonin syndrome during treatment. Particular caution is advised when increasing the dosages of these agents. The potential risk for serotonin syndrome should be considered even when administering serotonergic agents sequentially, as some agents may demonstrate a prolonged elimination half-life. For example, a 5-week washout period is recommended following use of fluoxetine before administering another serotonergic agent. If serotonin syndrome develops or is suspected during...
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...Aripiprazole There are many different types of prescription drugs to treat depression, Schizophrenia, and Bipolar disorder. Aripiprazole is a drug, prescribed by a doctor, that can be used to treat Bipolar, Schizoaffective disorder, and Major Depression. Bipolar disorder is a chronic disorder that can last a lifetime. Bipolar disorder is a series of constant mood swings. Usually mood swings range from 1-2 weeks long. Aripiprazole is also used to treat Schizoaffective disorder. Schizoaffective disorder is a mix of depression and Bipolar disorder. People that are most affected by this chronic disease are usually 60 tears old or older. The final disorder that is treated with Aripiprazole is Major Depression....
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...Depression is not an inclination, nor is it a feeling. It is an emotional instability that influences numerous individuals. It has been around for a huge number of years. Depression comes in numerous structures. It influences all races, ethnicities, and religions. Depression is defined as “a condition of mental disturbance characterized by such feelings to a greater degree than seems warranted by external conditions, typically with lack of energy and difficulty maintaining concentration or interest in life”. (New Oxford American Dictionary). Major depressive disorder also known as unipolar depression or recurrent depressive disorder is the most severe depressive disorder out of all of the depressive in my estimation. Major depressive disorder is a condition in which affects a person’s family, work or school life, sleeping, eating and general health. It is important to emphasize that we can understand the mechanics of this disorder and how it affects people with major depressive disorder. Etiology By understanding who gets a particular illness it is possible to better develop methods to control, treat, and prevent a particular condition. However, depression is so widely experienced by so many people it is important to establish the patterns that might further help manage this disorder. It is clear that depression impacts many people personality and professionally, it dramatically reduces the quality and quantity if creative and productive work and often ruining people’s careers...
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...Psychiatric Disorders, Diseases, and Drugs Many people suffer from some form of a psychiatric disorder, which affects a person’s ability to behave in way that is deemed normal by society. Several mental disorders have extreme effects on the mental health of those who suffer from them. It is estimated that as much of 3.3 percent of the U.S. population is found in a thirty day period to suffer from extreme psychological distress (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Schizophrenia, depression, mania, anxiety disorder, and Tourette syndrome are the top five psychiatric disorders, and the effects of each on a person’s mental health range from mild to severe. Schizophrenia is a common psychotic disorder; however it is complicated to diagnose because some neurological disorders share the same symptoms (Pinel, J.P.J. 2009. p. 457). The symptoms that are linked to this disorder are delusions, inappropriate affect, hallucinations, incoherent thought, and odd behavior. Diagnosis is made when a person has experienced at least one or more of the indicators in a consistent time frame. People who suffer from this have trouble organizing their thoughts into logical connections (WebMD, 2012). The statistic rate for people who suffers from this disorder is extremely low; and the cause is relatively unknown. The percentage rate for the amount of people at risk is considerably low; on the other hand the probability is higher on the inheritance rate. This disorder is not curable;...
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