...of Southern California’s Marshall School of Business and is especially known for his work on making difficult tradeoffs. Dr. Howard Raiffa has been a professor at Harvard and is a pioneer in the development of decision analysis, negotiation analysis and the theory of games. Authors’ big thought: Decisions shape our experiences, from choosing which job to accept, to having the right car, to selecting a good accountant. How do we know which is the smart one? How can we be consistent and confident in our decisions? In this award-wining bestseller, readers learn how to approach all types of decisions with a simple set of skills developed from professors from Harvard, MIT, and the University of Southern California. 1. Making Smart Choices How to think about your whole decision problem: a proactive approach Our decisions shape our lives. Made consciously or unconsciously, with good or bad consequences, they represent the fundamental tool we use in facing the opportunities, the challenges and the uncertainties of life. Making decisions is a fundamental life skill. Making good decisions is one of the most important determinants of how well you meet your responsibilities and achieve your personal and professional goals. In short, the ability to make smart decisions is a fundamental life skill. The need to make a difficult decision puts us at risk of anxiety, confusion, doubt, error, embarrassment or loss. Our discomfort often leads us to make decisions...
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...the fundamental objectives and corresponding attributes provide the basis for any objective function and for any discussion of the pros and cons of the alternatives. CONTENTS Objectives and Attributes Identifying Objectives Listing Values Specifying Objectives from Values Structuring Objectives Desirable Properties of Fundamental Objectives Advances: Decision Analysis Structure Basic Concepts about Attributes Desirable Properties of Attributes Unambiguous Comprehensive Direct Operational Understandable Page 2 of 45 Ch 08 060502 V06 A Decision Model for Selecting Attributes Summary Advances: Decision Analysis Structure Page 3 of 45 Ch 08 060502 V06 For any decision situation, there is a specific time when it is first recognized. Before that time, there is no conscious awareness of the decision. These decision situations can be categorized depending on how they were elevated...
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...completed the project on PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL under our supervision and this is the result of his earnest work. The information given by him in this project is original and true to the best of our knowledge. Date: Signature of the Signature of the Principal Project Co-ordinator of the College Signature of the Signature of the External Course Coordinator Examiner ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It has always been my sincere desire as a management student to get an opportunity to express my views, skills, attitude and talent in which I am proficient. A project is one such avenue through which a student does something creative. This project has given me the chance to get in touch with the practical aspects of Human Resource Management. I am extremely grateful to the University of Mumbai for having prescribed this project work to me as a part of the academic requirement in the M.Com (Part I) course. I wish to appreciate LalaLajpatrai College for providing the entire state of the art...
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...a typical organization, the three traits an individual should possess in being an effective manager, and finally how the three traits fit the four functions of management. In order to describe the role of a manager in an organization, one must first know what a manger is, and what an organization is. A manager is a person who plans, controls, manages and directs a team of individuals. (www.blurtit.com/q360923.html[->0]) Today we talk of "managing one's boss," and of having "relationships with strategic partners, suppliers and customers." But, if partners can manage their relationships with each other, then management cannot be a one-sided, controlling activity. And, if you can manage your boss, management isn't restricted to the use of authority to control the people who report to you. Management is much more than what managers simply do to get work done through employees. Today, we can manage ourselves, our time and many other activities that don't require one to have a formal managerial role or even to manage people. This is why today, the function of management, as distinct from the role of the manager, has become everyone's business. The truth is that the role of the "manager" is only a particular application of management, not the whole story of managing. A broader perspective avoids the negative connotations so commonly attributed to management, such as controlling and restricting people. Moreover, employee engagement, especially with respect to innovative knowledge...
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...one over aching topic that makes the difference between success and failure. At times, it may seem overwhelming complex, but by focusing on some fundamentals you will find that you can lead your team with confidence and skill. Leadership and management are two distinctive and complementary systems of action. Each has its own function and characteristics activities. Both are necessary for success in an increasingly complex and volatile business environment. Strong leadership with weak management is no better, and is sometimes actually worse, than the reverse. The real challenge is to combine strong leadership and strong management and use each to balance the other. Both leadership and management skills are needed for success. At times, “leadership” will need to manage task and projects, and “managers” will need to influence and inspire people. Managers are not confined to management and leaders are not restricted to leadership the critical issue is about getting the right balance for the job you do. Management is generally seen to involve overseeing day to day operations, accomplishing goals and achieving tasks, while leadership spans a wider remit that includes influencing and inspiring others, generating ideas and defining a strategy and vision. GROUP DYNAMICS The term “group dynamics” describe the way in which people in a group interact with one another. A group with a positive dynamic is easy to spot. Team members trust one another, they works towards a collective...
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...Rule of successful management .Difference between management and administration Management definitions: * The process of organizing methods ,manpower and other resources to achieve organizational goals * Is more than art and science Managing is working with and through people to accomplish the objectives of both the organization & its members. * It means art or skills of directing human activities and physical resources in the attainment of predetermined goals. * According to Henry Fayol, “To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate, and control”. * According to Louis Allen, “Management is what managers does in the organisations”. * Is the process of using what you have { RESOURCES }, to do what you want to do …. {GOALS} 6 categories of resources: * People, Money, Time, Work Procedures, Materials, Equipment GOALS * Profit Levels or Maximum cost levels ,Maintenance or growth of financial strength, Quality standards, Management concerns, Professional obligations, Societal concerns WHAT IS MANAGEMENT? Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively. Coordinating and overseeing the work of others is what distinguishes a managerial position from a non-managerial one. However, this doesn’t mean that managers can do what they want anytime or in any way. Instead, management involves ensuring that work activities...
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... which of the following is the least predictive set of criteria used to eveluate employees traits if a manager uses critical incidents as a method of performance evaluation, then ____ the focus of the evaluation will center on key bahaviors. ____involves evaluations ones performance against the performace of one or more others Foreced comparison The concept of____can be applied to apprasials to increase the perception that employees are treated fairly. Due process Which of the following is true with reguard to leadership? It focuses on downward influence of followers. ____is the only tactic effective across organizational levels. Rational persuation to avoid poiticking during peroformance evaluations, and orginazation should_____ use objective criteria reactive and protective behavions to avoid action, blame, orcahge are termed____ Defensive bahaviors Mintzberg's managerial four roles entrepreneur role, disturbance handlers, esource allocators, negotiator role The ability to understand, communite with, motivate and support other people, both individually and ind groups, may be defined as____ human skills (human skills- the ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups) conceptual skills The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations. According to fred luthans and his associates, managers involved in traditional management activities undertook which...
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...An Ethical Analysis of Negligence In this paper, the author will describe the main differences among negligence, gross negligence, and malpractice in the medical field. In addition, the author will explain his opinion about this article and the facts described in it as well as the rationale used to form this opinion. Furthermore, the author will describe the importance of documentation in the medical field as well as how nurses should document when providing care while complying with legal and ethical requirements. Unintentional torts are the most common torts in the medical field. Torts are acts occurred without the tortfeasor intention to cause harm; however, some type of harm results from it. Torts are also actions committed unreasonably or disregarding the consequences, in legal terms this represents negligence (Judson & Harrison, 2010). According to Judson and Harrison (2010), negligence is an unintentional tort and a person is negligent when in similar circumstances he or she did not performed as expected from a reasonable person (Judson & Harrison, 2010). Defining gross negligence is a more complicated issue. According to Thornton (2006) the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code defines gross negligence as an act of omission that when viewed from the position of the actor at the time the omission occurred it shows a significant degree of risk and possible harm to others (Thornton, 2006). In addition, the actor is aware of the risks but proceeds disregarding the rights...
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...A Guide to Writing Good Requirements QA Check Points Enterprise Program Management November 22, 2009 Gathered By: Wail A. Dawud; Lead Enterprise Analyst Original Author Ivy Hooks for Third NCOSE Symposium and Published in the Proceedings of the Third International Symposium of the INCOSE - Volume 2, 1993. Disclaimer: the original author is the SOLE owner of this document and should credited with it. The only difference between the original documents and this document is formatting and some added clarification of certain examples and follow up analysis.. Table of Contents 1. introduction 4 2. good requirements 5 3. Common problems 6 3.1 Bad assumptions 7 3.2 writing implementation (how) instead of requirements (what) 8 3.3 describing operations instead of requirements 10 3.4 using incorrect terms 11 3.5 using incorrect sentence structure or bad grammar 13 3.6 missing requirements 16 3.7 over specifying 18 4. writing quality requirements – qa check points 20 4.1 chatacteristics of quality requirement statements 21 4.1.1 correct 22 4.1.2 feasible 23 4.1.3 necessary 24 4.1.4 priotirized 25 4.1.5 unambiguous 26 4.1.6 verifiable 27 4.1.7 Complete 28 4.1.8 Consistent 29 4.1.9 modifiable 30 4.1.10 traceable 31 5. reviewing requirements for quality 32 5.1 example #1 33 5.2 example #2 34 5.3 example #3 35 5.4 example #4 36 6. Revision History 37 1. introduction This document will address what makes good...
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...QDC1 Study Questions Quality Management: Ch. 9-10, Operations Management Click for Skillsoft Module: The Who, What and Why of ISO 9000:2000 Click for Skillsoft Module: Six Sigma: Reducing Variation to Improve Quality List the types of graphical charts used in operations management. Flowchart, Check Sheet, Histogram, Pareto Chart, scatter diagrams, control charts, run charts, cause and effect diagrams Which charts are important in statistical process control (SPC)? Control Charts Describe the uses of functional flowcharts. Diagrams show steps in a process Describe the uses of histograms. Empirical Frequency distribution; shows the frequency of an occurrence of a variable Describe the uses of run charts. Used to track results over a period of time Describe the uses of control charts. used to track results over time Describe the issues management faces when implementing quality and incorporating improvements into daily operations. Lack of companywide definition of quality, lack of a strategic plan, lack of customer focus, poor intra-organizational communication, lack of employee empowerment, view of quality being a quick fix, emphasis on short-term financial results, inordinate presence of internal politics, lack of strong motivation, lack of of time devoted to quality initiatives, Lack of leadership Identify procedures that lead to process improvement. customer satisfaction, achieving higher quality, reducing waste, reducing cost, increasing productivity...
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...Behaviors / harm organization), joining/staying with an organization and maintaining attendance. All of these factors reflect individual behavior because each individual is different and will use these in different ways. Four Factors Of Voluntary Individual Behavior And Performance * Motivation – the forces within a person that affect their direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior. Think of it as a car; directions refers to where you steer the car, intensity is how much you put your foot down on the pedal, and persistence is how close do you get to your destination. Do you have the persistence to make it all the way or do you fall short? * Ability – Includes both the natural aptitudes and learned capabilities required to successfully complete a task. Aptitudes are the natural talents that help employees learn specific task more quickly or perform better at them. Learned capabilities are skills and knowledge that you currently posses. They include both physical and mental skills and knowledge that you have come to posses. Competencies – Skills, knowledge, aptitudes, and other personal characteristics that lead to superior performance. Competencies are characteristics of a person that result in superior performance. * Role Perceptions – the extent to which a person accurately...
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...PWCS:37 Understand health and safety in social care settings 1.Understand the different responsibilities relating to health and safety in social care settings 1.1 Identify legislation relating to health and safety in a social care setting. ● Health and safety at work act 1974, often referred to as HASAW or HSW.This is the main piece of UK health and safety legislation, under this act the employer, the employee and the individuals being supported have responsibilities to ensure safety is maintained within the setting, the main purpose of this legislation is to. Secure health, safety and welfare of people at work, To protect others from risks arising from the activities of people at work, To control the use and storage of dangerous substances, To control the emissions into the atmosphere of noxious or offensive substances. ● The management of health and safety at work regulations.This is about how health and safety is managed within a care setting including risk assessments, training and ensuring all employees receive the information they need. ● Control of substances hazardous to health regulations, referred to as COSHH. Requires employers to control substances that can harm employees or service users. ● Reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences regulations 2013, referred to as riddor. These regulations require employers to report work related deaths, major injuries, work related diseases and dangerous occurrences...
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...and Problem Alcohol Use in Female College Students: A Multisite Study it discusses the effects of cyberbullying, depression, and alcohol use in college students. Cyberbullying can be described often as a way of bullying via the internet, cell phone, or any other electronic device. The effects of cyberbullying are increased levels of depression and emotional distress. Research has discovered that in addition to increased levels of depression, that cyberbullying has contributed to increased substance usage such as alcohol with both the victim and the bully. With that said, both the cyberbully and the cybervictim are at risk for mental and physical health consequences. Since the majority of technology users are college students, recent research has been dedicated to focusing on them. The researchers hypothesized that 10-15% of college students are estimated to be involved with cyberbullying. Further research of college students in comparison to younger adolescents showed that there is a commonality between their motivations such as entertainment, retaliation, and imbalance of power. Also, both college students and young adolescents appeared to have increased depressive symptoms and fewer social skills. Since depression and alcohol use are among the most common health concerns of college students a study showed that approximately 30% of college students reported having depression and 9% contemplated suicide in the last year. In addition 65% of college students use alcohol and just under...
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... PWCS:37 Understand health and safety in social care settings 1.Understand the different responsibilities relating to health and safety in social care settings 1.1 Identify legislation relating to health and safety in a social care setting. ● Health and safety at work act 1974, often referred to as HASAW or HSW.This is the main piece of UK health and safety legislation, under this act the employer, the employee and the individuals being supported have responsibilities to ensure safety is maintained within the setting, the main purpose of this legislation is to. Secure health, safety and welfare of people at work, To protect others from risks arising from the activities of people at work, To control the use and storage of dangerous substances, To control the emissions into the atmosphere of noxious or offensive substances. ● The management of health and safety at work regulations.This is about how health and safety is managed within a care setting including risk assessments, training and ensuring all employees receive the information they need. ● Control of substances hazardous to health regulations, referred to as COSHH. Requires employers to control substances that can harm employees or service users. ● Reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences regulations 2013, referred to as riddor. These regulations require employers to report work related deaths, major injuries, work related diseases and dangerous occurrences...
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...PE-A1-engb 1/2011 (1033) This course text is part of the learning content for this Edinburgh Business School course. In addition to this printed course text, you should also have access to the course website in this subject, which will provide you with more learning content, the Profiler software and past examination questions and answers. The content of this course text is updated from time to time, and all changes are reflected in the version of the text that appears on the accompanying website at http://coursewebsites.ebsglobal.net/. Most updates are minor, and examination questions will avoid any new or significantly altered material for two years following publication of the relevant material on the website. You can check the version of the course text via the version release number to be found on the front page of the text, and compare this to the version number of the latest PDF version of the text on the website. If you are studying this course as part of a tutored programme, you should contact your Centre for further information on any changes. Full terms and conditions that apply to students on any of the Edinburgh Business School courses are available on the website www.ebsglobal.net, and should have been notified to you either by Edinburgh Business School or by the centre or regional partner through whom you purchased your course. If this is not the case, please contact Edinburgh Business School at the address below: Edinburgh Business School Heriot-Watt University...
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