Unit 2 – Probability and Distributions
Iesha Babers
American InterContinental University

Abstract
Many occasions can’t be predicted with absolute certainty and the best way to say how likely something will happen is to use probability. When you have a set of data that is well defined and random probabilities can be used to describe statistical numbers of outcomes divided by the number of all the outcomes.

Memo
To: Head of American Intellectual Union
From: Iesha Babers
Date: 04-06-14
Subject: AIU Percentages

Dear: Head of American Intellectual Union: It has been a joy to do some research on AIU below you see the percentage of male and females that are with in AIU, the tenure these employees have been with the company, the percentage of three departments, and the mean for extrinsic by gender.
Overview of the Data Set Using probability within an organization can be beneficial because it let the organization know if there are room for improvements (Stephanie, 2010). The data that was used for this current probability report were the qualitative variables gender and quantitative variable extrinsic. The probabilities below show the probability for gender, employee’s tenure with the company, and the percentage of employees that are in different departments.
Use of Statistics and Probability in the Real World We us probability in our everyday lives we are just un-ware of when it’s being used such as when watching the new and the weather man says there is a 90% chance (probability) that it will rain. When bets are made the person making the bet estimates the probabilities of a teaming winning, also when flipping a corn there is 50/50 chance (probability) of getting tails or heads on the corn toss. In school statistics are used for test scores such as the average score on test is 75% out of 100% for a group of 60 students. We can generalize that each student will mostly likely get a 75/100 on the test.
The Value of Statistics Statistics play an important role in fields of people’s activities. Statistics can determine unemployment, housing, or population growth in a country (Stephanie, 2010). Statistics holds a positions in a lot of fields such as mathematics, chemistry, biology, and physics. So the application of statistics is very wide.
Distributions
A distribution table can be used to organize data to where it makes sense (DeGroot, 2011). Information on a distribution table can be used by AIU see the number of males and females that participated in the survey and how they rated each category from highest to lowest scores.
Distribution of Individuals by Gender
|Gender |Percentage |
|Females |50% |
|Males |50% |

Tenure with Company Distribution by Gender

| |Under 2 years |2-5 Years |Over 5 years |
|Male | |16 |15 |
| |24 | | |
|Female | |11 |18 |
| |26 | | |

Percentage of the Survey Participants in Each Department

|Department |Percentage |
|Information Technology |30.9% |
|Human Resources |29.1% |
|Administration |40% |

Sample Mean for Extrinsic Value by Gender
|Gender |Mean Extrinsic Value |
|Male |5.16 |
|Female |5.16 |

Probabilities The probabilities that are calculated in the table below are ages between 16-21, job satisfaction with a score of 5.2 or lower, females that are in Human Resources, and salaried employees with intrinsic values of 5 or more. AIU can use this information to determine if they need to hire other age groups, if they need make changes, so more employees can be satisfied with their job, if changes need to be made in a certain department, or how many of their employees are on salary.
|Classification |Count |Probability |
|Probability that an individual will be between |39 |34.45% |
|16–21 years of age | | |
|Probability that an individual’s overall job |92 |83.62% |
|satisfaction is 5.2 or lower | | |
|Probability that an individual will be a female |17 |15.45% |
|in the human resources department | | |
|Probability that an individual will be a |19 |17.27% |
|salaried employee whose intrinsic satisfaction | | |
|value is 5 or more | | |

Probabilities in the Business World Small manufacturing companies that have limited resources benefit from using probability. A manufacturing business can benefit from probability by determining their cost-benefit ratio or to transfer a new manufacturing technology process to address the likelihood of improved profits (DeGroot, 2011). They can also use probability to determine the financial success of a new product when going against competition from other manufactures, market value, and manufacturing costs.
Conclusion
Probability can be used whenever an organization want to see where their organization is such as how many male or females they have employed, how many employees are hourly or salaried etc…. This information is helpful to any organization because it can give them an idea of where they are and help them come up with a plan for the future.
Sincerely,

Iesha Babers
Research Specialist

References

Descriptive Statistics, The Basics (Stephanie, 2010).
Probability and Statistics (2005). Book: Probability and Statistics (4th ed.). Pearson: Publishers.