...for managing complexity. By breaking up acomplex system into discrete pieces—which can then communicate with one another onlythrough standardized interfaces within a standardized architecture (Langlois, 2000) * Modularity is based on a systems theory view of organizations and their processes. It seeks to investigate how a system’s components are ‘coupled’ together and how tight these bonds are. * Modularity is important today because of the increased complexity of modern technology. * The driving normative basis for the investigation is that increased modularity enables the parts of a system to be separated and combined with much greater flexibility, and that such flexibility is desirable. * What is new is the application of the idea of modularity not only to technological design but also to organizational design. * A complex modern society might be made more productive through a modular design of social and economic institutions. * In a world of change, modularity is generally worth the costs. The goal is to find the modularization that minimizes interdependencies and most cleanly decomposes the system. * Innovation that takes place through change in the modules we can call modular innovation. * Handling complex systems become easier if break them up into sub-systems. * Complex product or process composed of smaller sub-systems that can be designed independently and function together as a whole * Existing modularity in processes and...
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...Cost Control in Design Process of China’s Construction Project Abstract As the ruthless competition in China’s construction industry, construction project requires a win-win method to acquire the maximal benefit and simultaneously to maintain the quality for keeping the place with the market. One method commended, cost control, especially in the design process, plays a very important role in the project procedure and financial management. This article presents the main implements of cost control utilizes in different aspects of construction and certain skills to control cost in design processes of construction project. These implements and skills could be very helpful for China’s construction companies to optimize their design process and offer beneficial influence to the following steps, increases the percentage of successful project in all projects; thereby to promote the development of the company and the whole industry. Key words: Design Process; Construction project; Cost control 1. Introduction Nowadays in China, the competition within construction industry is continuously increasing, and the profit spaces are limiting. As all the investment always expect for the maximal benefit, if a company want to keep the profit and position in the market in such complicated environment, the best method for it is applying cost control to the project. Cost control in financial management is an important aspect of project management over the whole life of projects. Successfully...
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...Sociotechnical Design Analysis 1: Sociotechnical principles are integral to designing a system. Understanding and applying them increases the likelihood that the system will achieve optimal design and performance. The nineteen principles outlined in the article each contribute a concept that augments critical parameters such as productivity, effectiveness, and employee morale. Sociotechnical understanding is vital to system design because of the fast rate innovative technologies for information and communication are being developed and implemented. The dominance of these technologies require that sociotechnical principles be applied to maximize their effectiveness. The sociotechnical principles outlined in the article contribute to system design by explicitly proposing techniques and concepts that emphasize the critical nature of integrating technical and organizational aspects of system design. The principles are meant to support design by a wide range of disciplines, and their usefulness derives from the idea that they can be implemented across a variety of applications when supported by the proper tools addressing specific issues. 2: I would differentiate between the three major categories of principles using the area of application each category is intended for. The difference is revealed by the names of the categories. Meta principles are intended for an all-encompassing aspect of system design. This is different from Content principles which...
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... the word system is actually derived from Greece, namely “Systema”, which in English is known as "SYSTEM", that had a meaning as a set of parts or components that are interconnected on regularly and it is a whole that cannot be separated. According to the Institute of Public Administration: “System is essentially a set of components, elements, which are related to each other, interplay and interdependence, so that the whole is an integrated unit or a totality, and has a specific role or purpose.” The following are the definitions of system according to some experts: 1. Stoa System is a combination of heaven and earth who work together, so that we can see that system consist of elements that work together to form a whole and if one element is missing or not working, then the overall combination cannot be called as a system. 2. Buckley System is a whole that functions as a whole by virtue of interdependence of its parts. 3. H. Kerzner System is a group of components consisting of humans and or non-human who organized and arranged so that the components can act as a unity in achieving its objectives, common goals or outcomes. This meaning implies the importance of aspects arrangement and organizing the components of a system to reach the common goal, because if there is no proper coordination and synchronization, then the activities of each component, sub–system, or areas in an organization will be less support each other. Furthermore, understanding of system is in fact...
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...mangement processes and organisational structures. He believed that company’s should not employee more than 500 people at a time and that decision making should be democratic and also involve employees from all aspects of the team. The Riversimple company designs energy-efficient automobiles, including the Morgan LIFEcar and the Riversimple Urban Car. (hybarn). The name LIFECar was coined by the team at OSCar Automotive Ltd. The name LIFECar summarises key design principles advocated by RiverSimple. LIFECar stands for Lightweight Integrated Fuel `Efficient Car. Hugo Spowers (founder of OSCar Automotive Ltd and Managing Partner at RiverSimple LLP), sought to demonstrate with the LIFECar project that significant gains in fuel efficiency could be achieved with readily available technology. In order for this project to take place, and with the initial and far-sighted support of the Morgan Motor Company, he formed the LIFECar consortium of Cranfield University, Linde, Oxford University and QinetiQ; together they received support from BERR, formerly the DTI, to part fund the project. Key elements of the design (as the name suggest) include the lightweight structure and the integrated whole system design of the vehicle around the characteristics of a fuel cell. LIFECar combines a hydrogen fuel cell with a bank of ultra capacitors such that cruise and acceleration requirements are decoupled and resolved in a highly optimised fashion. By combining these...
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...technology which is why the AIR Force, Navy, and Marines have all participated in the F35 program as well as an International community from the UK, Italy, Norway, Netherlands, Turkey, Canada, Australia, and Denmark. The primary contractor for the F35 program is Lockheed Martin, while Northrup Grumman and BAE systems have also been major contributors to the technology and advancement of the program. As it reads on the JSF website “The focus of the program is affordability -- reducing the development cost, production cost, and cost of ownership of the JSF family of aircraft.” This statement along with defining the F35 program as a system and as a whole will be the main topic of this research paper. A system is defined as a group of elements, components and attributes working together to perform some kind of function. The JSF program as a system has many elements known as Integrated Product teams (IPT) s which work together to perform the end function of producing and maintaining the F35 multi role fighter. The JSF program has 16 components or IPT’S each with their own sub-systems which keep the system operational and sustainable at all times. In October 2001 the system design and development plan began for the F35 program which marked...
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...Yu Kit, LAI (Jones) LAYKD93 Human Resource Management: Assignment 1 1 Job Analysis and Job Design Introduction Human Resource Management (HRM) systems consist of two major components: job analysis and job design. They have widely-differing contributions on building HRM systems attributed to the change of organizational strategy. This regards to job descriptions, specifications, and different approaches to redesigning the organizational HR systems. The implications of a boundary-less organization are examined that all context of the boundary organization is interdependent in communications, recruitment, selection, compensation and training (Fombrun et al. 1984). It also examines how environment, strategy, and organization are correlated to each other regarding to the conceptual framework for both job analysis and design of work. It initially becomes the most significant element to organizational strategy as to maximize organizational performance. This essay discuss how job analysis and design of work contribute in terms of building a more sophisticated human resource management (HRM) systems, regarding to both positive and negative outcomes from different approaches. It also illustrates the contributions of changeable job analysis in a regular basis as to fulfill the rapid-changing demand of working environment, in addition to a well-developed job redesign approach to support organizational strategy. Job Analysis and Competencies Job analysis could be categorized...
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...com/downloads/cmgt-554-week-3-infrastructure-patton-fuller-community-hospital-networking-project-university-phoenix/ For More Courses and Exams use this form ( http://hwguiders.com/contact-us/ ) Feel Free to Search your Class through Our Product Categories or From Our Search Bar (http://hwguiders.com/ ) CMGT 554 Week 3-It Infrastructure- Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Networking Project University of Phoenix Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Networking Project (Week 3) University of Phoenix CMGT 554/IT INFRASTRUCTURE Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Networking Project Today most new building construction is built with new technology and is not as much concerned with the type of budgets that a hospital muse consider in order to redesign a whole new network structure for the purpose of being more optimal and maintaining standards that keep up with advances in new technology. In most cases, a hospital’s network can transition over time with new technology and evolve into meeting the demands it requires to perform effectively. However, upgrading a hospital’s entire network can often be very expensive to implement and sustain. There may be a case where components or parts are no longer being produced to meet current and future demands. In the last several years, changes in healthcare put a demand on hospitals to maintain their networks with new, more efficient solutions that can enhance performance, keep cost low, but most one that is reliable . The Network architecture at Patton-Fuller...
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...Recommendation The best choice for KL worldwide would be to standardize the system across the whole enterprise. Standardizing the system across the whole enterprise would ensure that the KL worldwide uses the same technology across the globe, from its server OS across to the point of sale system in each individual store. This would upgrade the IT infrastructure across the whole company. It will also optimize its supply chain as the company’s production is vertically integrated and the clothes needed for most of KL’s product lines are manufactured at the Indian plant (Richard Ivey School of Business, 2009, Table 2), the information across the entire enterprise can flow freely as it becomes more visible. Using Supply chain management (SCM) involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability. (Baltzan & Philips, 2011, p.203). This alternative has the highest initial costs due to the high investment in IT, but will lower costs in the long run as the firm becomes more efficient at forecasting its sales(demand planning systems), reducing inventory levels (supply chain planning systems), and reducing obsolete designs. Customers will also be satisfied as the firm will be able to produce more of its new designs faster as the information flows freely between the whole enterprise. And if there are any customer complaints, it can also be resolved quickly as management can pinpoint...
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...Aeronautical Science Perspective Paper Explain the impact of airport design, development, operations, and funding sources on airport systems. Abstract The impact of airport design, strategy, operations, and funding are all key parts in getting the consumer from point A to point B. If one of these key concepts is disregarded, the whole process can stop operating. Planes can crash, people can be hurt, airports can be closed, and you cannot get to your destination as planned. Each one of these concepts have many reasons why they make such a large impact in all airports. Everyone knows these days that air travel is expensive. This is not just the airfare ticket you are paying for now a days. The baggage fees are almost a one-way ticket by themselves and then you have to pay for any addition items you might want like beverages or food on the plane. So you decide not purchase anything on the plane to try and save some cash. Instead you plan on purchasing the items at the airport when you land, but then you realize everything is more expensive within the security checkpoints. Well airports are all developed and designed in a specific way to allow competition within their airports to allow a bigger profit and further fund future development. When it comes to funding airports there are a couple sources the money comes from. The first to be known is the airport and special facility bonds issued by the government. These bonds were issued to certain facilities like airports to...
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... Project Title: Solar Panel Enhancement System Executive Summary The project is to enhance the functionality of the solar panels. Our project is divided onto three main parts. Snow and dust can prevent the solar panels to receive direct sun light. This can decrease the amount of power received. First part is preventing high voltage by detecting high very high temperature and humidity. Second part is cleaning project that clean what’s blocking the light from the panel by reading power measurement. The last part is detecting damage by reading the power measurement coming from the panel and the battery. Home photovoltaic system must be cleaned regularly to achieve maximum efficiency. To achieve this, surface of the solar panels must be free from dust, sand, snow, and more. Dirty solar panels lower power generation efficiencies and the solution for this is to design and create a brush that can be activated to clean unwanted substance from the panel. Table of Contents: 1- Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 4 2- Design Objectives ................................................................................................................... 5 3- Ideal System Definition.............................................................................................................. 7 4- System Prototype Definition....................................
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...what other terminology is systems analysis and design synonymous? Systems analysis and design is also known as information systems engineering, software engineering, systems engineering, software development, and systems development. 1.2 What activities and deliverables are included in analysis? Activities: systems planning, feasibility study (optional), requirements determination, user acceptance,and prototyping (optional). Deliverables: Requirements specification and prototype (optional). 1.3 What activities and deliverables are included in design and implementation? Activities: Physical design, prototyping (optional), software construction/purchase, user documentation, testing, training, user acceptance, conversion, and implementing the system. Deliverable: Information system. 1.4 Describe a system and the components of a systems model. A generic systems model consists of six components- inputs, processes, outputs, controls, feedback, and boundary. Using predetermined controls, a system accepts inputs at its boundary, processes them into outputs, and provides a feedback mechanism for taking any necessary corrective action. 1.5 What two key components distinguish an information system from an automated information system? Software and hardware. 1.6 How are data incorporated into an automated information system and what role does it play? Data are either input, stored, or output. As part of the information system, data that are input and data...
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...System Development Life Cycles (SDLC) * * * * * Tutorial 3 in a series of 6 - Overview of Software Engineering Principles 3 The system development life cycle (SDLC) follows a project through from the initial idea to the point where it is a functional system. It is a core part of the methodology that is used when defining a project. Life cycles fall into a number of different categories, iterative being the most common but they also include waterfall, spiral and chaos models. Common methodologies include Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM) and Microsoft Solutions Framework (MSF). Each step in a systems lifecycle can be broken down into many smaller sub-steps or processes. Each stage follows logically after the previous, but it is an oversimplification to say that one stage is a distinct step after another. It is important to understand that the system lifecycle is iterative as well as the stages involved along the way. Different methodologies will have different variations of this lifecycle model. A common iterative lifecycle is show in the diagram below and each stage is described after the diagram. Initial Idea All projects must start with an initial idea. Usually this consists of a brief definition on what is the project all about, what is its purpose and what the project aims to accomplish. How will the success of the project be measured? Feasibility Study Expanding on the Initial Idea, the Feasibility Study involves...
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...1990 and 1997 the company had great financial growth, but this revenue growth began to slow down in 1998. By 2000, Clothes ‘R’ Us had over-expanded and had the worst gross margins in the industry. In 2001 to reduce costs and regain its competitiveness they started to analyze the problems within the company. They closed unprofitable shops and opened new, profitable ones. To restructure the whole back-office process they wanted to introduce a new POS and credit system in every retail stores. 1. How does the POS Initiative fit into the strategy of Clothes 'R' Us? The strategy of Clothes ‘R’ Us was to increase the revenues and to stop the declines and the POS system was an important point of this strategy. The goal of the POS system was to free up the store manager’s time, to get him work in the store, instead of the back office. This reduces costs and helps the useful allocation of the human resources. The workflow study, mentioned in the case, showed that this could reduce the store manager’s time spent in the office from 6 hours to 1,5-2 hours. The system had other cost-cutting functions like decreasing operating costs and long-distance phone costs, increasing operating efficiencies and store sales due to improved customer interaction and service. For example, reduction of one store sales associate alone would deliver $20,000 per year in salary and benefits, and the new...
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...Name Instructor Course Date Architecture Part 1: Qualitative and Design process considerations 1.1 Diagrams Fig 1. Design process consideration for a high performance acoustic studio building Fig2: Qualitative and Design process considerations 1.2 Daylight design process The day lighting design process involves the identification of a lighting need and the selection of the most appropriate method for delivering the appropriate day lighting in this case. The process begins with determining the building type. The type of building gives the set of visual tasks that have an associated lighting criteria which is used in the design process. In addition, it indicates the likely size and mass of the building. The feature is important because the lighting concepts that are generated for single-storey buildings will be remarkably different from those that are used in high-rise offices (Yancey 9). Moreover, there are numerous feedback loops that can be used during the design process. For instance, as I generate day lighting system concepts I can re-evaluate the resource measurements to identify their adequacy in giving me the information that I need to produce an effective process. A good example is that a day lighting system that relies upon sunlight cannot be evaluated using the average sunlight intensity collected over a wide range of cloudiness. As a result, the appropriate time scale that should be used in each scenario is determined by the resource...
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