... This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Western Australia. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering 1998 Abstract This research investigated how social, environmental and ethical factors can be better included in theories of engineering design. The research focused on designing as an essentially human activity via consideration of the epistemological and ontological issues involved in constructing coherent design theory. The research investigations led to a clearer understanding of the roles of ontology, epistemology and methodology in design research and this clarification enabled the construction of a post-positivist approach to engineering design theory that better includes social, environmental and ethical factors alongside the existing products of scientific engineering design research. Other contributions to knowledge that emerged from the research process and which underpin the conclusions include; clarification of the terminology and basic concepts of design research and engineering design research, historical reviews of ways that the terms ‘design’ and ‘design process’ have been used in the literature of engineering design research and design research in the period 1962–1995, clarification of the role of disciplinary structure in the development of coherent design theories, the development of conceptual tools and...
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...Chapter 2 – Examining the Social World: How Do We Know? Ballantine, Roberts, and Korgen. Our Social World: Condensed, Fourth Edition. © 2015 SAGE Publications The Development of Sociology • Social thought before sociology: strongly influenced by religion and philosophy • Modern sociology arose in 19th century Europe, influenced by several conditions: – Colonialism: exposure to other cultures – Industrial Revolution & French Revolution: desire to know how dramatic change could be systematically explained – Advances in the natural sciences: desire to apply scientific method to the social world Ballantine, Roberts, and Korgen. Our Social World: Condensed, Fourth Edition. © 2015 SAGE Publications The Development of Sociology August Comte & the science of society • Coined the term “sociology” in 1838 • Thought society’s problems could not be understood by philosophical or religious speculation; scientific knowledge was needed • Two main concerns – What holds society together? (social statics or structure) – Why is there change in society? (social dynamics or process) Ballantine, Roberts, and Korgen. Our Social World: Condensed, Fourth Edition. © 2015 SAGE Publications The Development of Sociology Early sociology after Comte • Focus on massive social and economic change brought by Industrial Revolution • Focus on relationship between micro-, meso-, and macro-level processes • Early sociological theorists: Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx, Harriet...
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... This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Western Australia. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering 1998 Abstract This research investigated how social, environmental and ethical factors can be better included in theories of engineering design. The research focused on designing as an essentially human activity via consideration of the epistemological and ontological issues involved in constructing coherent design theory. The research investigations led to a clearer understanding of the roles of ontology, epistemology and methodology in design research and this clarification enabled the construction of a post-positivist approach to engineering design theory that better includes social, environmental and ethical factors alongside the existing products of scientific engineering design research. Other contributions to knowledge that emerged from the research process and which underpin the conclusions include; clarification of the terminology and basic concepts of design research and engineering design research, historical reviews of ways that the terms ‘design’ and ‘design process’ have been used in the literature of engineering design research and design research in the period 1962–1995, clarification of the role of disciplinary structure in the development of coherent design theories, the development of conceptual tools and...
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...Designing survey questions on food-related issues Question design toolkit based on a theory of behavioural change Jo d’Ardenne, Sally McManus, Julia Hall Designing survey questions on food-related issues: Question design toolkit based on a theory of behavioural change Jo d’Ardenne, Sally McManus, Julia Hall October 2011 Prepared for the Department of Health Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................ Executive summary ........................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................ 1 1.1 1.2 Background and aims .................................................................................................... 1 The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) ...................................................................... 2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.3 Why use the Theory of Planned Behaviour? ............................................ 2 What is the Theory of Planned Behaviour? .............................................. 3 Strengths and weaknesses of the Theory of Planned Behaviour ............. 6 Outline of report .............................................................................................................. 6 2 Mapping existing survey questions to TPB constructs ....... 8 2.1 2.2 Review of longitudinal surveys ..................................
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...The Anatomy and Physiology of Clinical Research Stephen B. Hulley, Thomas B. Newman, and Steven R. Cummings This chapter introduces clinical research from two viewpoints, setting up themes that run together through the book. One theme is the anatomy of research-what it's made of. This includes the tangible elements of the study plan: the research question, design, subjects, measurements, sample size calculation, and so forth. An investigator's goal is to create these elements in a form that will make the project fast, inexpensive, and easy. The other theme is the physiology of research-how it works. Studies are useful to the extent that they yield valid inferences, first about what happened in the study sample and then about generalizing these events to people outside. the study. The goal is to minimize the errors, random and systematic, that threaten conclusions based on these inferences. Separating these two themes is artificial in the same way that the anatomy of the human body does not make much sense without some understanding of its physiology. But the separation has the same advantage: It clarifies our thinking about a complex topic. . THE ANATOMY OF RESEARCH: WHAT IT'S MADE OF The structure of a research project is set out in its protocol, the written plan of the study. Protocols are well kn~wn as devices for seeking grant funds, but they also have a vital scientific function: helping the investigator to organize her research in a logical, focused, and efficient way...
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...Scientific Papers (www.scientificpapers.org) Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology Issue 6 October 2011 Designing an Effective Female Leadership Model in Governmental Organizations Authors: Nosratollah MALEKI, International Relations School of Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Iran, nosrat.maleki@gmail.com, Aryan ASKARI, University of Tehran, Iran, aryan1072@gmail.com, Mohamad Amin GHANBARI, University of Tehran, Iran, ma.ghanbarei@gmail.com Since leadership is a critical factor for improving organizational performance, failure or success of an organization highly depends on the efficiency of leadership at all levels. Scholars elaborated that leadership is the ability of influencing one's attitudes, aptitudes and beliefs, in the way that it will lead to meet organizational objectives. The main purpose of this study is to consider two domains of efficient leadership and women’s leadership style, in order to determine and elaborate the dimensions of the new concept of “Women’s Efficient Leadership”. We intend to describe the characteristics of women’s efficient leadership in state organizations in Iran by means of offering a logical pattern, in order to be able to propose a favorable pattern, leading to increased efficiency in governmental organizations of the country. Innovation of this study can be divided into two parts: one is theoretical contribution and developing the knowledge of efficient leadership as well as women’s leadership...
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...we will discuss… Designing presentation content Designing effective power point Presenting your work Designing Presentation Content Things to be considered… Creates an overall framework – intro, main body, conclusion Understand key terminology Assumes the audiences knows nothing about the subject at all Time management Keep your own voice: start & end your paragraphs Applies critical thinking Develop the presentation content Identify your audience Formulate your objectives Make a statement Expand on the statement Use clear signpost to guide the audience through your discussion Back up with evidence and examples A major stimulant to creative thinking is focused questions Three principal questions for critical thinking What Why How “What?” Identifies the key message you wish to communicate. What is the benefit of your message for the audience ? What can they do with the information ? “Why?” Addresses the next obvious question that arises in the audience. “why should I do that?” “why should I think that?” “why should that be the case?” Following what the audience perceives as a natural route through the material. You have the audience on your side immediately. “How?” In the audience’s mind: how are they going to achieve what you have just suggested. Offer suggestions as to how they can act. Research Research Business Challenges...
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...How to Design Research Objectives for Focus Groups and Depth Interviews Defining research objectives is the most important step in designing a marketing research plan. Objectives decide interview topics. They shape the questions you ask,and guide your analysis and reports, pointing you in the right direction. Objectives get you actionable information and knowledge. You want actionable information and knowledge from qualitative marketing research. The first step in defining research objectives is to identify the research problem. Then you identify major topics you want to cover. Once you understand the research problem and topics, you define the research objectives. The Research Problem Clear marketing research objectives arise from a clear explanation of the research problem. Often, clients do not have a clear idea about the research problem. In fact, poorly defined research problems cause most marketing research failures in consumer research. So, the first questions you need to ask are about the research problem. You diagnose the problem. Here are six questions to diagnose and clarify the research problem. 1. What is the circumstance that demands research? 2. Who are the stakeholders in the decision? 3. What decisions will the research information support? 4. What does management want to learn that they don’t know already? 5. What specific information does management need? 6. What will the research report look like? Whenever you start a project, ask the six...
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...METHODS OF RESEARCH Research is a systematic study in a field of knowledge, undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles. It is a systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to find an answer to a question or a solution to a problem, to validate or test an existing history. Basically, there are 9 (nine) methods of research according to scientific purposes: 1. Historical research is a type of research that examines past events or combinations of events to arrive at an account of what has happened in the past. 2. Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomenon to describe “what exists” with respect to the conditions in a given situation. 3. Developmental research investigates patterns and sequences of growth and or change as a function of time. 4. Case & Field research is a collaborative study of the intensity of the background, its current status and environmental interactions of a given social units – an individual group, institution or community. 5. Correlational research is a method of research in which a researcher compares one variable with another to determine if there is a relationship between them. 6. Causal-comparative research determines the cause or consequences of differences that already exist between or among a group of individuals. This method is also known as ex post facto a Latin words that mean "after the fact. 7. True Experimental research is used to investigate possible cause and...
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...M&O) Realized by: Steven Pango (ADD YOURS NAME TOO) SAXION, INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES Chapter 16, 8, 12 Supervisors: Mr. Bernard Berg van den Table of contents (Not knowing if we will add something more) 1. Introduction Code Bridge is a coding and web designing company, which was founded by Kevin Hoogerwerf and Niels van den Daas in the Netherlands in the year 2013 The company develop APIS and custom systems for individuals and also for cooperation functioning. Code Bridge is specialized in PHP, JavaScript, Laravel/Lumens, elastic search and various Amazon Systems as EC2, S3 and RDS. The business deals with other languages than dutch. Following the innovative stream CodeBridge builds app for IOS or Android, additionally they ensure that the app is placed in the store and the team is in continuous standby for extension or eventual problems. Reviewing business' site, repairing links, add new features are also other duties that CodeBridge can fulfill. During this plan of approach we will describe the main objective of the research, the central research question and the sub-questions. We will also express the research methods that will be used in order to answer the questions and come up with the strategies. 1.1. Problem description The main problem is that CodeBridge being in the market for 3 years hasn't fully completed its staff. The affluence of employees per year is low. People are considered as the best asset or resource for any company in any...
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...Week One Student Guide The focus of the course is on understanding how research improves managerial decision making using five of the six stages in the research process. They include the following: • Stage 1: Clarifying the Research Question • Stage 2: Proposing the Research • Stage 3: Designing the Research Project • Stage 4: Data Collection and Interpretation • Stage 6: Reporting the Results Chapter 1 of Business Research Methods explains why people study business research and the importance of sound decision making. The goal is to enhance your understanding of the ethical dilemmas faced by managers and the roles and responsibilities of the researcher, sponsor, and participant as detailed in Chapter 2 of the text. The goal of ethics in research is to ensure that no one is harmed or suffers any adverse conditions posed by research activities. Important concepts include the right to privacy and quality and safety of participants. Many corporations, local and state governments, and the federal government have adopted a code of ethics with laws, policies, and procedures to regulate research on human beings. In Chapter 3, we find researchers have their own vocabulary and so we begin to learn important terminology needed to formulate sound research such as the difference between a construct, proposition and hypothesis followed by knowledge of various types of variables. In practice, variables represent an event, characteristic, trait...
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...Appendix Preparation weeks…… Description: The research team is researching the information on Chinese’s wedding in the previous and present, including Baba Nyonya’s. Description: Members of public relations team are designing on the signboards for the exhibition and they are discussing on the games planning as well. + = Description: The third picture shows the photo frame for shooting section which is made by both of the members from planning & designing team. The night of preparation (Day before the exhibition)…… Description: Members of planning & designing team is setting up the balloon arched door as the main entrance for our exhibition booth. Description: Mr. Chan Chao Jin is helping in moving and arranging the tables needed for the exhibition booth. Description: Everyone is busy decorating the booth in DSA Hall. Description: Some class members are helping in pumping air into the balloons which are going to be used in the games station. Description: Those girls are decorating the information boards. Description: Everyone is gathered at the games station to watch the demonstration on games testing. Description: A full table of “tangyuan” rolled by the class members. Description: Other than “tangyuan”, we also prepared red eggs as the gift for those who win in the games station. The event (Exhibition Day) Description: All the class members arrived at the DSA Hall early in the morning to do a final setting up of the booth...
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...PROJECT: WRITING A SOCIAL RESEARCH REPORT Project Introduction: This project will require you to complete a research report in two parts. In the first part, you will prepare a rough draft of your research report, which will include your research question, methodology, and literature review. In the second part, you will incorporate your instructor’s feedback and create a report with more details on your research design and information about your data collection methods. You will provide the APA citation for all the sources that you will use in the project. Course Learning Objectives Covered: 1. Define the systematic process of scientific inquiry and social research. 2. Describe different types of research terms and methodologies and their purposes. 3. Compare and contrast the methods and specific uses of quantitative and qualitative research. 4. Evaluate the methodology, evidence, and conclusions of others’ qualitative research. 5. Gather research data from indirect data sources. 6. Analyze the challenges and ethical issues involved with social research. 7. Write an original qualitative research question to draw valid conclusions about a socially relevant topic. 8. Define types of data sources used in social research. 9. Analyze and develop an appropriate method for collecting data for qualitative research. 10. Synthesize data, research findings, and potential ethical considerations by designing and working on a qualitative research project. 11. Make a presentation...
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...and developing today’s youth? Furthermore, are these educators prepared to face the tests associated with training the early childhood education community? Proper early childhood development and education is critical to a child’s success down the line. How educators react to early childhood behavioral, physical and emotional issues is a precursor to classroom success. The research of Hemmenter, Santos and Ostrosky as discussed in the article “Preparing Early Childhood Educator to Address Young Children’s Social-Emotional Development and Challenging Behavior: A Survey of Higher Education Programs in Nine States” sets out to evaluate teacher education programs in search of answers to such questions. As with all research, the higher education programs survey (2008) seeks to explore and possibly identify solutions to an issue. In this case, that issue is the preparedness of educators to handle “the growing number of children who begin elementary school without the emotional, social, and behavioral skills necessary for future success (Hemmenter, Santos & Ostrosky, p. 321).” To answer this question, Hemmenter, Santos and Ostrosky, identified 225 faculty members and program managers from 2 and 4 year education institutions that concentrated in early childhood education (ECE) to participate in a survey of their perception of their program’s graduate’s preparedness. Of the surveys mailed, 158 were returned and 125 were used. Thirty-three surveys were discarded because the...
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...ch4ch4 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Global teams provide diversity while eliminating conflicts and miscommunication. True False 2. A ‘House of Quality' is achieved when no department in a single location has more than 15% rejects. True False 3. Concurrent Engineering is another term for sequential development. True False 4. One of the main advantages of standardization is that it increases the potential variety of products. True False 5. A disadvantage of standardization is the possibility of standardizing designs too early, which may make it difficult to modify in the future. True False 6. Reducing consumer choices makes service more efficient. True False 7. Modular design increases costs of purchasing and controlling inventory compared to non-modular. True False 8. Product failures can be easier to remedy with modular design. True False 9. One motivation for an organization to redesign its product or service is to avoid the alternative of downsizing the organization. True False 10. A major benefit of Computer Aided Design (CAD) is the increased productivity of designers. True False 11. Most of the time what is called product or service design is actually a redesign of an existing product or service. True False 12. A service blueprint is quite similar to an architectural drawing. True False 13. The process of...
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