...some period of time, c.f., week, at some (average) price of soda pop. The price of soda pop, which is what would be on the vertical axis of a demand curve diagram, is the average price of all the different brands produced by all the different bottlers for say a 12 ou. serving. The price of the product would be thought of as the average price of a 12 ou. serving for all the brands included in the definition of the product. 4. How is the demand for this product defined? The demand for soda pop is the relationship between all the possible (average) prices of soda pop and the corresponding amount that all households are willing and able to purchase during some period of time, ceteris paribus (which means none of the demand determinants changing). 5. Explain why the demand curve is downward sloping. Be sure to consider both of the effects (substitution effect, number of buyers) that a change in price has on quantity demanded. What theory or hypothesis explains the downward slope? The demand...
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...career choice made by an individual today is basically for the entire journey of life. This paper will be basically based on situation A, where Jenny needs advice in making decision for her career as to be a doctor. The focus of this paper will be demand and supply of physicians in US market and it will elaborate on determinants of demand and supply of physicians with recent data analysis, price elasticity of demand and supply, construction of demand and supply graph using the recent data. Thus, based on the analysis the recommendations will be identified in regards to market of physicians in US economy. DEMAND FOR PHYSICIANS According to NBC news dated November 4th 2013, 6.27pm ET, stated that “demand for doctors will increase by 2025”. The reason for this change in demand for doctors is due to the determinants of demand. The determinants of demand are the factors that lead to changes in the demand for the doctors in the economy. A) Determinants of Demand for Physicians The factors that affect the demand for Physicians in the US market are as follows: i) Price of Physicians The fee charged by physicians determines the demand for them, as the fees increases the demand of physicians will decline. As it is noted in US economy there are high volume of medical insurance policies which help individuals to cover their medical expenses which leads to increment in the demand for physicians ii) Medical and insurance facilities According to NY Times dated, November 2014...
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...movements’ extensions and contractions. In the diagram below (Fig 1.1), when the price of CDs falls (from P1 to P2) there is a rise in demand (from Q1 to Q2), ceteris paribus. The movement along the curve is from point A to point B. When the price rises (from P1 to P3) there is a fall in demand (from Q1 to Q3), ceteris paribus. The movement along the curve is from point A to point C. Note that we must say 'ceteris paribus'. If one of the other determinants of demand changes as well, then the curve would shift. A shift in the demand curve occurs if one of the 'other' (i.e. non-price) determinants of demand change. This means that for a given price level the quantity demanded will change. This is illustrated in the diagram below: Fig 1.2 Note that the price has not changed (P1) and yet demand has increased (in the case of the shift to D2) to Q2. This could be due to a rise in real incomes (assuming the good is normal - see the required section in the 'Elasticities' topic), a rise in the price of a substitute good, a fall in the price of a complement, etc. (see 'determinants of demand' above). In the case of the shift to...
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... Even including cost containment measures, results have shown that public spending on health care could see large increases, and in less wealthy countries, those increases could be dramatic. The dynamic of these changes has been characterized...
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...this a demand “curve”, the picture is clearly a straight line. For simplicity, we’ll be using straight line demand curves at many times throughout the class. This assumption makes the math simpler (especially when we get to monopolies) without sacrificing too much generality. As you’ll see below, we’ll often make the same assumption about supply curves. The second important part of the Law of Demand is that last little phrase, “holding everything else constant”. Economists call “everything else” which needs to be held constant the Determinants of Demand. These determinants are a list of things which affect how much of the good in question consumers want to buy at a given price, which is exactly what the demand curve represents. Thus, changes in the determinants of demand change the demand curve. Determinants of Demand 1) Price of the good itself 2) Price of other goods and services 3) Income / Wealth 4) Consumer Preferences / Tastes 5) Population 6) Expected Future Prices The first item of the above list, the price of the good itself, affects the demand curve differently than the other items. A change in the price of the good...
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...role in addressing the impact of the social determinants of health on accessibility to health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. INTRODUCTION 150 words Nurses have an extensive role in caring for the health and wellbeing of people and ensuring they have accessibility to health care. This paper will explore and provide evidence into how the social determinants of health, especially racism or racial discrimination impacts on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders or Indigenous Australian people’s access to health care. Exploring the impact of social determinants of health on Indigenous Australians and the numerous poorer health outcomes experienced by this population group will...
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...The article’s main claim is that social determinants of health (such as income and gender inequality) should be considered in Canadian health policy because they shape a person`s life and link “government policy, the market and the health and well-being of citizens” (Raphael, 2008, p. 232). As such, Raphael cites three barriers that impede the recognition of social determinants in Canadian policy. They are: 1. The dominant biomedical ideology of positivist science based on the empirical evidence, sees health and illness as individual pathology, taken out of social and environmental determinants shaping health (Raphael, 2008, p. 224). 2. The public ideology of individualism isolates health issues as personal responsibilities as opposed...
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...estimate includes the consideration that as people live longer, they also remain in good health for longer. Even including cost containment measures, results have shown that public spending on health care are expected to see large increases, and in less wealthy countries, those increases could be dramatic. The dynamic of these changes has been characterized...
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...Quality Improvement Program Planning System (QIPPS). It is also designed to be used as a guide, together with other local, regional and national frameworks, policies, strategies and resources. Why Health Promotion? The World Health Organisation (WHO) acknowledges the growing evidence that health promotion and preventive health approaches are effective in improving overall health and wellbeing, reducing the burden of chronic disease and injury, addressing health inequities, facilitating the better use of resources and enhancing economic productivity.1 2 3 4 Striking a balance between investments in a health promoting approach that addresses the increasing burden to the healthcare system of preventable chronic conditions and investments that increases the level of expenditure in treatment services is a major component of health system reform. It is particularly important to utilise key performance indicators and...
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...us of the significance of social and economic causes of health. There is small uncertainty that the low average of living and persistence of total poverty in the developing world are the main factors of health in developing countries. We have the knowledge that our life routes are socially and economically planned and is genetically determined, which changes the determinants of population health into a social science. Medical sciences speak about the biological paths involved in diseases. There are many opportunities for treatment, but so far health is a social creation and some forms of social organization tend to be healthier than others. To advance our understanding of health all depends on collective research. There was change in public health and there was a sudden rise in life expectancy in developing societies. Life expectancy in more developed societies has increased at the rate of two to three years added to life in the 20th century. The increases in our population’s life expectancy have mainly come from the decrease in infant and childhood deaths, as a result of this a more higher percent of the population now lives to old age. The idea of the change in public health is used to represent the change in developing countries from infectious diseases as the main cause of death to progressive diseases. There is the reflection of...
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...contribute to health either positively or negatively; this is called the determinants of health. The determinants of health can be divided into biomedical or biological conditions; which may include hereditary conditions such as diabetes, behavioural and psychosocial conditions such as taking drugs or having low self-esteem and also social-environmental conditions which include government policies, poor air quality and many more (WHO, 2013). With the growth in the world population, it is therefore important for countries/governments to realise the importance of switching their strategy from a high risk strategy which tackles individuals to a low risk strategy which tackles the population in terms of handling the health issues in the country. This can be done by looking at the social determinants of health and eliminating the inequalities by providing an equal opportunity for each individual in the country to lead a healthy lifestyle. Social determinants of health is described as “the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, including the health system (WHO, 2013). This includes the social gradient, stress, early life, social exclusion, work, unemployment, social support, addiction, food and transport (Wilkinson R. & Marmot, M., 2003). This report is going to take a look at one of the major health concerns in Singapore which is obesity. We are going to explore the determinants of obesity in Singapore and also take a look at what the government has done...
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...Assignment 2: Health Care Technology and Health Care Trends Strayer University HSA 500 Dr. Iregbu October, 2013 Part 1: Graphical Taxonomy of the different Health Care Technologies Trends Impacting the US Population According to Stephen Williams and Paul Torrens (2010), the typical American is getting older. This trend is the result of increased longevity and relatively lower fertility than was experienced earlier in the last century. Our aging population of Baby Boomers appears to be healthier and more functional. Changes in many of these parameters can have a significant impact on the scope, use and nature of the health care system. According to a 2003 report by the CDC, The median age of the world's population is increasing because of a decline in fertility and a 20-year increase in the average life span during the second half of the 20th century. These factors, combined with elevated fertility in many countries during the 2 decades after World War II (i.e., the "Baby Boom"), will result in increased numbers of persons aged >65 years during 2010—2030. The growing number of older adults increases demands on the public health system and on medical and social services. Chronic diseases, which affect older adults disproportionately, contribute to increased health- and long-term--care costs. Increased life expectancy reflects, in part, the success of public health interventions, but public health programs must now respond to the challenges created by this achievement...
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...There is a body of literature by Canadian and international academics examining the determinants of health care expenditures, thereby offering suggestions regarding what variables can be influenced to reduce the health care expenditures. One Canadian researcher, Livio Di Matteo, did many studies on the determinants of Canadian health care expenditures. In Livio Di Matteo and Rosanna Di Matteo (1998), they used a pooled time-series cross-section model and provincial data over the period 1965-1991 to examine the determinants of real per capita provincial government health expenditure, finding that the real per capita provincial government health expenditures were positively and significantly affected by real provincial per capita income, the...
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...The Population health issue I have selected is Obesity. It is a serious health problem. Poor dietary habits and physical inactivity are among the factors that lead to obesity. About 70% of American adults are obese or overweight. In 2005, unhealthy diet was responsible for about 350,000 deaths in the United States (Knickman & Kovner, 2015). Our health status is mainly determined by how we live our daily lives. How we interact with the environment in which we live also support our abilities to live healthy and prosperous lives. Our engagement in physical activity helps to maintain healthy bones, muscles, joints, and weight. Our engagements with our physical environment associate with the promotion of feelings of well-being. It reduces feelings of anxiety and depression. Thus, the five population health determinants are; access to health care, individual behavior, social environment, physical environment and genetics (Knickman & Kovner, 2015). The concept of social determinants often denotes how income, education, access, housing and other factors contribute to our wellbeing. Knickman & Kovner (2015) defined social determinant as “The circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age, and the system in place to address an illness in turn shaped by larger forces, including economic, social policies and politics.” (Knickman & Kovner, p376, 2015). Public Policy influences these social determinants. For instance, the government health system contributes immensely...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, the research question, justification of the study, scope and delimitation of the study and the purpose of the study. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The supermarket delis emerged during the 1980s as on of the growth areas for food retailers to develop in response to increasing consumer demand for convenience. Not more than ten years ago consumers did not think of supermarkets as a place to buy takeout’s meal (Berry 2011). Supermarkets have developed delis which was not the case this has caused reconstruction of already existing supermarkets to fit in the delis where different meals are offered, supermarkets are now opening new branches that easily incorporates new delis. The success of the supermarkets delis has seen supermarkets compete with fast foods outlets and restaurant for their dining dollars (Parker and Freeman, 2005). Supermarkets delis are gaining popularity due to the trust consumers are building in them. It being faster than restaurants and the customer sees how the meal ordered for is being prepared this gives supermarkets an upper hand to restaurants The supermarkets have also considered expanding deli section by providing sitting space for their clients a good example is the Mathai supermarket in Karatina. The deli first started in Kenya in a T-Mall in Tuskys supermarket and later grew being adapted by other supermarkets including...
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