...to be software engineering. Software Engineering Research Methodology (SERM) can be known as an approach that mixed a galaxy of new concepts and emerging information technologies and then express this mixture in an innovative artefact in order to do some academic knowledge to basic research field and prompt the further research in the relevant fields. There need to construct a paradigm that can completely describes research using SERM approaches. A SERM framework based on this paradigm is presented to allow developmental research to be performed using a stringent methodology. Software Engineering as Research Research can be described as a scientific approach rather than one of the several different ways of promoting building and understanding of new knowledge. Moreover, scientific research is defined as a process of systemic inquiry conducted with the protection of a theoretical infrastructure. Research and evaluation, which is similar to research, can be distinguished by using theory as the fundamental. As Mertens argues that evaluation is associated with the acquiring of information for decision making in a given environment, however, research, which means a wider field, is more typically connected with contributing new knowledge that can be used in the relative fields Can software engineering be research? According to the definitions from Sir Karl Popper (1980) and Blake (1978), whether or not something is research depends on the nature of the questions asked rather...
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...developing and developed countries. In Kenya, the incidences of juvenile delinquency have increased in the resent years and thus it has prompted the research studies on juveniles and crime. Juvenile delinquency is a type of offences committed by young people. The major offences committed by juveniles include vandalism, auto-theft, vagrancy, truancy and incorrigibility. The prevalence of juvenile delinquency has fostered by high living standard in the country, media and technology, availability and misuse of drugs, poor parental skills and broken-homes. However, most cases of juvenile delinquency are never reported, thus making it impossible to arrive at an accurate assessment of the number of children who engage in delinquency. In the 1960s in the United States of America, Gottrieb and Ramsey (1964) observed that only about third of adolescents apprehended by the police for offences considered delinquent were ever taken to police station or juvenile court. Usually, published figures underestimate the real incidences(Snooks, 1980). Therefore, this research proposal tries to study both the overlooked cases and addressed cases of juvenile delinquency in order to understand the risk factors and come up with more accurate figures that will help the CJS and rehabilitative centers come up with effective preventive measures.. This research proposal seeks to explore the different root causes of delinquency in Kericho County; and the extent to which the issue of delinquency have affected...
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...leadership. Many current theories and models are not contextualized, nor do the dynamic and critical issues facing leaders drive their construction. Alternatively, practitioners too often approach leadership problems using trial and error tactics derived more from anecdotes and popular fads than validated scientific data and models. Yet, while this gap between theory and research has bedeviled the leadership community for much of its history, there have been few if any systematic examinations of its causes. In this review, we have sought to highlight the particular barriers on the leadership practice and theory-building/testing constituencies, respectively, that constrain efforts to integrate them. We also offer a number of propositions and guidelines that we hope can break through these barriers and help stakeholders create a more effective leadership theory and practice symbiosis (LTPS). Finally, we have offered two cases of effective LTPS as examples and models for such integrative research efforts. D 2003 Published by Elsevier Inc. Keywords: Leadership theory; Leadership practice; Leadership action research 1. Introduction The greatest handicap of applied psychology has been the fact that, without proper theoretical help, it had to follow the costly, inefficient, and limited method of trial and * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-703-993-1355. E-mail address:...
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...Synthesis Paper: Psyc 255 Research Methods Learned and Critiqued from A Biblical Perspective Denise Beck Liberty University Synthesis Paper: Psyc 255 Research Methods Learned and Critiqued from A Biblical Perspective The goals of this course according to our syllabus were to introduce us to the techniques of psychological research, to improve our understanding of how research is done and the methods used to do it, and to give us the ability to communicate competently about the ideas behind the research process. This paper will use myself as a case study to examine what I have learned about research as it applies to the aforementioned goals. An examination of those techniques and the idea of research itself will then be laid against the Bible’s guiding principles. What Have I Learned About Research at an Introductory Level? Why Use Research and the Scientific Method? In the field of mental health, professionals must be constantly looking for ways to help their patients (Cozby & Bates, 2012). Research is a way to explore what has been tried before. I have learned that understanding how to interpret the research can help you decide the legitimacy of the research and how to apply it to your situation. There are several ways to gather information to use to make decisions. This course has made me aware of the value of using the scientific method. While other methods rely on a feeling or personal judgment, the scientific method holds information to a higher standard...
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...Questions: 1. What are the characteristics of research? 2. What are the values of research to mankind? 3. What are the types of research? 4. What are the basic principles of technical writing? Answers: 1) * Empirical. Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher. * Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles. * Cyclical. Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem. * Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, experimental and case study. * Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment. * Methodical. Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures. * Replicability. The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results. 2) * Research improves the quality of life. * Research improves instruction. * Research improves students’ achievement. * Research improves teacher’s competence. * Research satisfies man’s needs. * Research reduces the burden of work. * Research has deep-seated psychological aspects. * Research improves the exportation of food products. * Research responds to the economic recovery and austerity measure of the country. * Research trains graduates to become responsive to the economic development of the...
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...ShimbunMammoths, which went extinct about 10,000 years ago, may once again walk the Earth.A team of researchers will attempt to resurrect the species using cloning technologies after obtaining tissue this summer from the carcass of a mammoth preserved in a Russian mammoth research laboratory. It has already established a technique to extract DNA from frozen cells."Preparations to realize this goal have been made," said Prof. Akira Iritani, leader of the team and a professor emeritus of Kyoto University.Under the plan, the nuclei of mammoth cells will be inserted into an elephant's egg cells from which the nuclei have been removed to create an embryo containing mammoth genes.The embryo will then be inserted into an elephant's womb in the hope that the animal will give birth to a baby mammoth.Researchers from Kinki University's Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology began the study in 1997.On three occasions, the team obtained mammoth skin and muscle tissue excavated in good condition from the permafrost in Siberia.However, most nuclei in the cells were damaged by ice crystals and were unusable. The plan to clone a mammoth was abandoned.In 2008, Dr. Teruhiko Wakayama of Kobe's Riken Center for Developmental Biology succeeded in cloning a mouse from the cells of mouse that had been kept in deep-freeze for 16 years. The achievement was the first in the world.Based on Wakayama's techniques, Iritani's team devised a technique to extract the nuclei of eggs--only 2 percent...
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...Literature Review in Research: An Annotated Bibliography HCS/465 March 24, 2014 Tom Khoury Annotated Bibliography on Teen Pregnancy Prof. Dr. Chad Moretz An Annotated Bibliography Lesesne, C. A., Lewis, K. M., White, C. P., Green, D. C., Duffy, J. L., & Wandersman, A. (2008). Promoting science-based approaches to teen pregnancy prevention: Proactively engaging the three systems of the interactive systems framework. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(3-4), 379-92. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10464-008- 9175-y. This article is presented with Promoting science-based approaches to Teen Pregnancy prevention by using multi-site and capacity building. There are three systems that are interactive to Teen Pregnancy Prevention; Prevention Delivery, Prevention Support, Prevention Synthesis and Translation. The article also investigates factors related to these systems. This is a peer reviewed article because it is long in length and offers extensive information pertaining to the article and references. It also focused on how to support these prevention practitioners in a unique manner. This researched article was able to provide detailed information on several prevalence with a demonstrative analysis that can be very effective for practitioners to utilize. Sisson, G. (2012). Finding a way to offer something more: Reframing teen pregnancy prevention. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 9(1), 57-69. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13178-011-0050-5 This...
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...2. DEFINE RESEARCH IN GENERAL AND ENUMERATE THE CHARACTERISTICS, TYPES, AND ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF RESEARCH AND STEPS INVOLVED IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS OF RESEARCH. YOUR ESSAY MUST NOT BE LESS THAN 2000 WORDS DEFINITION OF RESEARCH Introduction Research has been defined by different people in different ways. At any point in time, depending on what an individual is doing in relation to a particular topic or subject area of study, there is the tendency that one may deem that activity as a form of research. Research therefore cuts across all facets of human endeavor; in the sciences, humanities, electronics etc. These diversities create room for one to distinguish between what scientific research is and what a normal review of information is In simple terms, Research maybe defined as a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover (new) information or reach a (new) understanding. Cambridge Dictionaries Online, © Cambridge University Press 2003. Zora Neale Hurston described Research as a formalized curiosity. It is poking and prying with a purpose. The Concise Oxford English Describes Research as the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. A researcher on the other hand is someone who contributes to the understanding of a phenomenon and communicates that understanding to others. Research is designed to solve a particular existing problem so there is a much larger...
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...University of Phoenix Material Week 1 Assignment Worksheet Matching Match the following descriptions to the correct perspective: 1. ___B.___ perspective focuses on how learning experiences affect behavior, and focuses on behavior that is observable. 2. __E___ perspective focuses on the effect of unresolved conflicts from childhood, and how those conflicts unconsciously shape behavior. 3. __D___ perspective focuses on free will, conscious choices, and self-awareness, and views humans as distinct individuals with unique characteristics. 4. ___C__ perspective examines the mental processes used to obtain knowledge, and focuses on how information is processed, stored, retrieved, and manipulated. 5. __A___ perspective focuses on how factors like age, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and income level influence behavior, attitudes, and mental processes. A. Sociocultural B. Behavioral C. Cognitive D. Humanistic E. Psychodynamic Table Provide a description of the function of the structures or hormones listed. |Structure |Hormone(s) released (if applicable) |Description or function | |Frontal lobe |CRH Corticotropin-releasing hormone |Helps with decision making | |Somatosensory cortex |CRH |Sensory receptive area for the sense of touch...
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...AFRICA NAZARENE UNIVERSITY Name: Regynnah Awino I.D Number: 13so3ADPCS001 Course: Peace and Conflict Resolution Unit: Research Methods Assignment: Role of Women in Fostering Development Research topic: Role of women in fostering development Introduction Women play a central role in the moral, physical and emotional development of any institution or individual. They play a key role in the eradication of socio-economic challenges such as hunger and poverty that hinder development in the society. Their contribution towards issues that concerning the family and the community at large have positively influenced the growth of development in the society. Women in the rural areas, for example, perform tasks that are not economically active but have great significance to the household at large. They play an important role in the translation of the agricultural produce from the farms into food and nutritional security for their families and the society. The World Bank forum of 2008 researched and concluded that if a woman had a stable income, she would use it on food and nutritional requirement for her family (World Bank, 2008). Women face many challenges that hinder their efforts of becoming champions of development, For example, they lack access to decent work that could assist them in improving their socio-economic circumstances and welfare. Most women are self-employed which means that...
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...Research Process and Terminology CJA 334 University of Phoenix HOPE TYEHIMBA Different research methods used today play a very important role in the criminal justice system. Using effective methods gives people the ability to open and close cases. People interested in the criminal justice field have the ability to use wide ranges of research methods at their disposal. Research Process and Terminology I. The research process consists of multiple steps and sub-steps for an effective outcome. For an accurate result, one must try to avoid biases and pursue accuracy in his or her research to produce an accurate result. The research process begins with a theory. According to Hagan (2010), theories “are usually general or broad statements regarding the relationship between variables. A theory does not necessarily have to have proof to back it up, following steps in the research process can give credence to a theory and may be able to prove the theory to be fact. A theory can transition into a hypothesis, which according to Hagan (2010), “are specific statements regarding the relationship between variables and are derived from more general theories”. The next steps in the research process are research design and data gathering (Hagan, 2010). A researcher can choose between an experimental and a non-experimental approach, whether to examine individuals or...
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...Why is ethical and accurate research so important when studying human development? Ethical research in studying human development is important because it is working with other human beings. The research that is being done, and how it is being done, should have the participants’ best interests in mind. Research must also be accurate because as a tool for studying development it needs to be as realistic as possible so that it can be applied correctly to the span of development. What are teratogens and how do they impact development in the womb? Teratogens are any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes. They include drugs, incompatible blood types, environmental pollutants, infectious...
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...TYPES OF RESEARCH The different characteristics of research: Research May be Applied or Basic The purpose of applied research is to solve an immediate, practical problem. Basic Research (Pure) adds to the existing body of knowledge; doesn't necessarily provide results of immediate, practical use. Research May be Obtrusive or Non-Obtrusive Obtrusive research - where the researcher introduces conditions that influence participants. Where the researcher manipulates the environment. Non-obtrusive research - where researcher avoids influencing subjects in any way and tries to be as inconspicuous as possible. 2 Four Main Types of Research Historical research - describes what was-mostly nonobtrusive Descriptive research - describes what is-mostly nonobtrusive Correlation research - makes comparisons, looking for trends or tendencies Experimental research - describes what will be - mostly obtrusive 3 Historical Research A systematic process of searching for information and fact to describe analyze or interpret the past Value-can provide prospective for decision making about current problems -issues are often better understood if we understand the historical perspective Sources-must have good backed sources to protect from criticism -most common sources are past records Descriptive Research Describes, interprets, and clarifies what in the present -often done with surveys -may be done by observation or an observational instrument Developmental Research is one common type of...
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...TYPES OF RESEARCH The different characteristics of research: Research May be Applied or Basic The purpose of applied research is to solve an immediate, practical problem. Basic Research (Pure) adds to the existing body of knowledge; doesn't necessarily provide results of immediate, practical use. Research May be Obtrusive or Non-Obtrusive Obtrusive research - where the researcher introduces conditions that influence participants. Where the researcher manipulates the environment. Non-obtrusive research - where researcher avoids influencing subjects in any way and tries to be as inconspicuous as possible. 2 Four Main Types of Research Historical research - describes what was-mostly nonobtrusive Descriptive research - describes what is-mostly nonobtrusive Correlation research - makes comparisons, looking for trends or tendencies Experimental research - describes what will be - mostly obtrusive 3 Historical Research A systematic process of searching for information and fact to describe analyze or interpret the past Value-can provide prospective for decision making about current problems -issues are often better understood if we understand the historical perspective Sources-must have good backed sources to protect from criticism -most common sources are past records Descriptive Research Describes, interprets, and clarifies what in the present -often done with surveys -may be done by observation or an observational instrument Developmental...
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...study of behavior and mental processes. Psychology values empirical evidence - information acquired by direct observation and measurement using systematic scientific methods and critical thinking – the process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information. Studying psychology offers practical solutions to everyday problems and develops an appreciation for scientific methods of research, as opposed to pseudo psychologies (“false psychologies”) that pretend to discover psychological information through nonscientific methods. B. Psychology’s Goals -The four goals of psychology are: (1) Description - to describe particular behaviors by careful scientific observation, (2) Explanation – to explain behaviors by conducting experiments to determine their causes, (3) Prediction – to predict when a behavior being studied will occur in the future, and (4) Change – to change inappropriate behavior or circumstances. psychologists investigate behavior with basic research or...
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