...Diabetes Management February 2015 A Word About Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1 What Is It? Diabetes is a common disorder. It’s marked by high blood sugar. Insulin controls how much sugar stays in your blood. The pancreas makes the hormone insulin. People who have type 1 diabetes can no longer make this hormone. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Most people with diabetes have type 2. Type 1 diabetes often starts in childhood. But, it can start in adulthood. Type 2 diabetes often starts after age 40. In type 2, the cells of the body do not use insulin well. Obese people are at risk for type 2. Now we will talk about type 1. Diabetes Symptoms The following symptoms are typical of diabetes. However, people with diabetes type 2 maybe so mild they may go undetected. Common symptoms of diabetes: Urinating often Feeling very thirsty Feeling very hungry – even though you are eating Extreme fatigue Blurry vision Cuts/bruises that are slow to heal Weigh loss- even though you are eating more Tingling, pain in the hands/feet Early detection and treatment of diabetes can decrease the risk of developing complications of diabetes. What Your Doctor Looks For Your doctor may test your blood sugar if you have any symptoms of diabetes. Other blood tests include: A1C. This tests average blood sugar over the past two to three months. Cholesterol and triglycerides. The results can help your doctor assess your heart disease...
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...Summary The common-sense model of self-regulation of health and illness was developed in the 1980s by Howard Leventhal and his colleagues (Diefenbach & Leventhal, 1996). It was based on Leventhal’s research from the prior decade that studied the effect of fear in relation to health related behaviors. The theory has various titles such as the, Self Regulation Theory, Common Sense Model of Illness Representation or Leventhal’s Theory (Hale et al, 2007). For ease of communication it will be referred to as the Common Sense Model (CSM). It’s primary goal and function is to explain how a person processes an illness threat. The CSM is centered on the individual and his or her idea of health and illness. It works under the premise that the individual is “an active problem solver.” CSM also theories an individual’s representation of the illness will be the primary cause of their actions and behavior and the process of illness representation will lead the individual to make common sense health behaviors. (Diefenbach & Leventhal, 1996). Self-regulation is the processing of information by a patient regarding their health and the actions that an individual takes to return to a normal state of health. A stimuli such as a symptom of an illness or a diagnosis starts a three-phase feedback cycle of self-regulation. First, the individual constructs a cognitive “representation” of the illness. Secondly, the individual acts and “copes” with the illness. In the third stage, the...
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...DIABETES TEST KIT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY ANALYSIS STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 1 SECTION A | GROUP 9 IIM RAIPUR Submitted by: Anshoo Saini 15PGP008 Gautham Balaji 15PGP015 Isha Tayal 15PGP018 Koundinya Niggamadda 15PGP026 Piyush Gaurav 15PGP037 Shekhar Suman 15FPM009 Index Industry Definition…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….2 Industry Activities 2 Similar Industries 2 Market Participants 2 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 3 PESTEL Analysis 4 Industry Outlook 5 Products & Markets 6 Future Outlook 7 Competitive Landscapes, Success factors and Business Locations 7 Major Companies 8 Strategic Recommendations 10 Industry Analysis Industry Definition This industry develops and produces blood glucose meters and testing supplies that help users monitor blood glucose levels. Most manufacturers also develop other medical devices. Industry Activities * Diabetes market research * Glucose meter monitoring research and development * Glucose meter * Glucose meter accessory Similar Industries * Dental Laboratories * Diagnostic & Medical Laboratories * Dialysis Equipment Manufacturing * Health & Medical Insurance * Hearing Aid Manufacturing * Medical Device Manufacturing * Medical Instrument & Supply Manufacturing * Ophthalmic Instrument Manufacturing * Pacemaker Manufacturing * Robotic Surgery Equipment Manufacturing * Syringes & Injection Needle Manufacturing ...
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...Diabetes transition Assessment of current best practice and development of a future work programme to improve transition processes for young people with diabetes. Transition in healthcare is only one part of the evolution from dependent child to independent adult (David, 2001). Submitted by Ruth Gordon, Ruth Gordon Associates Ltd to NHS Diabetes. Supporting, Improving, Caring August 2012 Acknowledgements This project was funded by NHS Diabetes and supported by Gillian Johnson, North East Regional Programme Manager. The expert panel was made up of a group of clinicians and others who provided information, commented on the process and contributed to the views included in this final report. Others have influenced the later stages of the work and will be involved in planning how to take this project forwards. Therefore thanks go to: • Fiona Campbell • Deborah Christie • Chris Cooper • Julie Cropper • Gail Dovey-Pearce • Jane Edmunds • Gavin Eyres • Sue Greenhalgh • Peter Hammond • Gillian Johnson • Susannah Rowles • Carolyn Stephenson • Helen Thornton • Peter Winocour • Alison Woodhead Without the two clinical leads, Peter Hammond from Harrogate and Fiona Campbell from Leeds, this work and report would not have been possible. Contents Executive summary Context Background and rationale Aims of the project Timing of the project Process undertaken for the project Evidence base and policy background Results from the snapshot research Good practice Examples of good practice...
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...Individual Wellness Change Project The client I selected for this project is a 70 year old female. This client resides in a household with her husband, and adult son. Retirement has not equated with rest and relaxation for my client as she also takes care of two of her adult brothers in poor health. Three granddaughters have been the source of joy for her as they’ve grown from precious infants to teenagers. My client also assumes the role of family matriarch for her other nine siblings. With many demands for time and attention, I predicted the needs assessments to direct us towards stress management. The results we received sent out project in another direction. With my initial prediction of the focus needed being on stress management, I had my client complete the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale (Holmes and Rahe, n.d.) first. In spite of numerous responsibilities and various family members always seeking advice, her score was only a 16. Scores below 150 represent only a slight risk of illness due to stress. The one area where stress does affect my client is in her sleeping habits. Many nights she experiences insomnia while contemplating current family situations, and consequentially suffers from fatigue. My client’s concern over taking care of everyone else leaves little time for her to focus on herself. The remainder of our assessments helped to point out what she already knew about her nutrition and physical activity levels. The results of the LiveWell assessment...
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...I. Introduction Diabetes is on the rise in the United States and the resultant health problems are leading to visits to physicians’ offices and hospitals more than ever before. Diabetic neuropathy, a debilitating nerve disorder which can affect almost any part of the nervous system, occurs in nearly 50 percent of patients with diabetes. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is found in 12 percent of insulin dependent diabetics and 32 percent of those who are not, equaling approximately 3 million people in the United States. (Chen et al. 2007) The number of patients with other neuropathies, such as autonomic, proximal, and focal, comprises the other 1 million diabetic neuropathy patients, most of whom suffer in pain from the dysfunction of the nervous system. (Chen et al. 2007) This disorder’s elusive nature is such that it can not only present in any part of the body but it can be completely without symptoms that the average patient would report to their physician. Since the patients themselves are less likely to naturally disclose their suffering through their assumption that their symptoms are not relevant to their diabetic condition, the physician’s role in the diagnosis and recognition of this disorder is even more critical. II. Definition and Types of Diabetic Neuropathy The most common type of diabetic neuropathy is peripheral, considered, more generally, sensorimotor. Peripheral neuropathy causes pain or loss of feeling in the toes, feet, legs, hands, and arms....
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...previous award. Date …17/5/2015……. Managing the Needs of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus LO1 Type 2 diabetes is a serious chronic condition affecting the body’s ability to regulate blood glucose levels. According to Diabetes UK (2012), there were 2.9 million people in the UK diagnosed with diabetes in 2012, and this is estimated to increase to 5 million by 2025. Up to 90% of people with diabetes are thought to be type 2. According to Diabetes UK (2006), many are unaware they have the condition and it can lead to long-term complications including eye problems, kidney disease, foot ulcers and cardiovascular disease. Gregg et al (2005), states advances in preventative medicine have seen an effective reduction in the burden of risk from hypertension and hyperlipidaemia but the incidence of diabetes has continued to rise, driving cardiovascular rates. There has been much done in recent years to identify people who are at high risk of developing diabetes. This assignment will discuss the link between diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. It will also identify lifestyle and behaviour changes involving the multi-disciplinary team and structured patient education of diabetics. The case study for this assignment is Mrs Smith, newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and a family history of heart disease and diabetes. She leads a sedentary lifestyle, is overweight and has a poor diet (see appendix). The Health...
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...Critique Nursing Journal Article Kendra Duran Excelsior College Abstract Complications from, and economic costs associated with diabetes are on the rise. The concern is that this global health epidemic is only expected to worsen in the coming decades. One quantitative research study aims to improve patient outcomes specifically related to proper control of blood glucose level, by linking patient outcomes with health literacy and patient trust. A quantitative study consisting of a convenience sample of 102 subjects from two urban health care centers was used. Patient demographics, socioeconomic status, and diabetes related knowledge, and depression were measured. The results of this study are mixed in supporting the hypothesis that lower health literacy directly impacts glycemic control. The 2010 journal article titled, “Impact of health literacy and patient trust on glycemic control in urban USA population” from Nursing Health and Sciences, hypothesizes a direct relationship between a patient’s overall health literacy and the ability to maintain glycemic control. The study’s intent is to examine questions related to health literacy and a patient’s trust in their healthcare provider to make a connection to how well the subjects managed glycemic control. Questions related to potential depression are also relevant. Author, Josephine M. Mancuso, PhD, ANP-BC from Marquette University, has published articles in the following nursing journals: Journal Of Nursing Care...
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...1 NURS 1442 Cohort: 9/13 PGT Leader: Debbie Dorsett Submission Date: 25th August 2015 Word Count: 3250 This essay will be exploring a patient pathway in a clinical environment. The pathway to be investigated is the national diabetes pathway from the National Institution for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), which was published in February 2015 (NICE, 2015). I will also exploring local agendas and guidelines that are available from a local trust. I will be exploring one patient in particular, who cannot be named for confidentiality reasons, in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Councils (NMC, 2008) the code of conduct governing patient confidentiality, (NMC, 2008). Diabetes is growing in the United Kingdom (UK) at an alarming rate, (Diabetes UK, 2012). In 2010, evidence showed that approximately 3.1 million people in the UK aged over 16 years old have diabetes. By 2030, this figure is estimated to rise to 4.6 million, (National Health Service [NHS], 2014). It is important as an adult nurse, that I understand the pathway of diabetes as individuals with the condition are at risk of developing further health complications (Diabetes UK, 2012). This includes conditions such as heart disease, stroke and blindness (Diabetes UK, 2012a). A pathway is a “foreseen care placed in an appropriate time frame, written and agreed by a multidisciplinary team. It has locally agreed standards based on evidence where available to help a patient with a specific condition or...
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...diabetes Before you begin your teaching plan be sure to define the characteristics of the clinical site and patient population. The teaching plan should be customized to this population. This is a sample teaching plan that you can use and customize to your needs. You may want to design a pre-test and post-test to give your patients would are attending the teaching program. Based on statistics from the Centers for Disease Control website, 17.0 million people in the United States, approximately 6.2% of the population, have diabetes. Of this 17 million people, 11.1 million are diagnosed and 5.9 million are undiagnosed. In the different age groups, about 151,000 people less than 20 years of age have diabetes, approximately 0.19% of people in this age group. In the 20 and older age group 16.9 million and 8.6% of people have diabetes. The 65 and older age group has 7.0 million and 20.1% of all people with diabetes (www.cdc.gov/diabetes). The Identified Learning Need Patients with Diabetes have very comprehensive learning needs. The learning needs are focused on managing their glucose levels and preventing complications of diabetes. Learning needs for managing diabetes are complex and include: monitoring blood glucose levels, menu/food planning, exercise, medications, skin care, management of co-existing disease processes, knowledge of medications, knowledge of the disease process and how to manage hypo/hyperglycemic episodes. Many patients are diagnosed with diabetes every...
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...Type 1 Diabetes HS 200 Unit 8 Capstone Project: Type 1 Diabetes Kaplan University July 8, 2014 An abundant amount of research throughout the years of the disease, Type 1 diabetes, has been completed leading physicians and patients to a pathway of a better understanding of the disease, the diagnostic approaches as well as the management skills needed to control the disease and its effects on the body. As Type 1 diabetes is thought to be an autoimmune response, there is not currently a cure for the disease because the body is responsible for attacking the insulin producing cells. However, with lifestyle changes including exercise and dietary alterations can impact the prognosis of Type 1 Diabetes into a positive direction. A long, healthy life can be attainable with the proper management of the disease as well as following the suggested treatment plan. When symptoms, such as bedwetting, frequent urination and extreme thirst, are apparent an appointment with a family physician is highly recommended. When Type 1 diabetes is thought to be the diagnosis, the physician will order diagnostic testing through blood work to determine the level of blood sugar in the body to confirm the diagnosis. The most common laboratory tests used are a blood glucose test and the Hemoglobin A1C test (MedLine, n.d.). Both tests require a sample of blood by a needle inserted in the vein, primarily in the arm. Blood glucose tests are utilized to measure and determine...
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...Based on statistics from the Centers for Disease Control website, 17.0 million people in the United States, approximately 6.2% of the population, have diabetes. Of this 17 million people, 11.1 million are diagnosed and 5.9 million are undiagnosed. In the different age groups, about 151,000 people less than 20 years of age have diabetes, approximately 0.19% of people in this age group. In the 20 and older age group 16.9 million and 8.6% of people have diabetes. The 65 and older age group has 7.0 million and 20.1% of all people with diabetes (www.cdc.gov/diabetes). The Identified Learning Need Patients with Diabetes have very comprehensive learning needs. The learning needs are focused on managing their glucose levels and preventing complications of diabetes. Learning needs for managing diabetes are complex and include: monitoring blood glucose levels, menu/food planning, exercise, medications, skin care, management of co-existing disease processes, knowledge of medications, knowledge of the disease process and how to manage hypo/hyperglycemic episodes. Many patients are diagnosed with diabetes every year and many are unaware that it requires lifestyle changes, especially in the areas of nutrition and physical activity. Making these lifestyle changes is one of the greatest challenges they will encounter in managing their diabetes. The main goal of the teaching plan is to provide the patient with the knowledge to be able to make self-directed behavioral changes to improve their...
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...Teaching plan for a new-onset juvenile diabetic Introduction Diabetes causes chronic health conditions and comorbidities, and if left untreated it has negative health consequences for individuals and also nation’s economy. According to a 2014 report from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted in 2012 that diabetes affects more than 29.1 million Americans and of them 8.1 million are undiagnosed (CDC,2014). The estimated cost of Diabetes in the United States in 2012 was 245 billion dollar that includes medical cost, disability, and premature death (CDC, 2014). According to Healthy People 2020, diabetes is the seventh leading cause of mortality, lowers life expectancy by up to 15 years, increase the risk of heart disease, kidney failures, blindness, and so forth (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2014). Type I diabetes is one of the most common endocrine diseases of childhood which is why it is also called juvenile onset diabetes. It is an autoimmune disease where the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed resulting in the inability of insulin production. People with type I diabetes need to take insulin daily to regulate their blood sugars (Lamb, 2015). Background and Importance of Research Diabetes is a severe and chronic disease that causes chronic disabilities. The inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in abnormally high blood sugar levels. Over years, high blood sugar levels can damage...
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...Nursing care plans for Diabetes Mellitus Submitted by lifenurses on Monday, 4 January 2010 2 Comments Nursing care plans for Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the level of blood glucose is persistently raised above the normal range. Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome with disordered metabolism and inappropriate hyperglycemia due to either a deficiency of insulin secretion or to a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion to compensate. Diabetes mellitus occurs in two primary forms: type 1, characterized by absolute insufficiency, and the more prevalent type 2, characterized by insulin resistance with varying degrees of insulin secretory defects. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (ADA], Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, 2003. Causes for Diabetes Mellitus The cause of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes remains unknown, although genetic factors may play a role. Diabetes mellitus results from insulin deficiency or resistance. Insulin transports glucose into the cell for use as energy and storage as glycogen. It also stimulates protein synthesis and free fatty acid storage. Insulin deficiency or resistance compromises the body tissues’ access to essential nutrients for fuel and storage. The resulting hyperglycemia can damage many of the...
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...Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes is a rising problem worldwide. Today there are 3.9 million people diagnosed with diabetes living in the UK. This statistic shows the severity of the problem. Diabetes splits into two types: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is genetic, meaning that the person is born with it, and type 2 (also known as diabetes mellitus) is developed over one’s lifetime (Type 2 Diabetes - Causes). Diabetes causes a disruption in the inner body balance therefore affecting homeostasis. People with diabetes have issues with blood sugar level. Either their body doesn’t react to insulin or their body doesn’t produce insulin. However, there are a few ways of treating this disease. It not only has an effect on the health of the population, but it also causes a great expense to the economy (General Diabetes Facts and Information). Diabetes is a permanent illness, which causes the diabetic’s blood sugar level to become too high (Type 2 Diabetes - Causes). So there is no cure for it can only be treated. People suffering from type 2 diabetes have insulin resistance, which means that their pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin, or the body doesn’t produce enough insulin. As shown in Figure 1 (General Diabetes Facts and Information). The pancreas is large gland behind the stomach and its job is to produce the hormone insulin. The job of insulin is to move glucose from the blood into the cells, where it gets converted into energy (Type 2 Diabetes - Causes). In the UK, 1 in 16 people...
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