...live and how the people in their environment talk. That is why there are dialect areas in America. But within a dialect area, not all people talk the same because they are also influenced by other factors. For instance a speakers gender, age, ethnicity and social and educational background. These factors can have a small impact on a persons speech. It can change the frequency of the use of regional dialect features. Some features are used more by older people than by younger people. And for example, the absence of “r” in words can be influenced by status and it means something different in every region. In Charleston, the high-status groups use the absence of “r” in words more frequently than the working-class or low-status groups. But at the same time in New York City, the r-lessness is associated with working-class and low-status groups. There can be a bigger impact when you pick up all distinct features of the speech of the people you identify yourself with and of the people that are like you. This is when varieties of speech associated with particular groups within a society arise. Linguists call these varieties “social dialects” and they are also known as “sociolects”. When looking at regional dialects linguists look at where you are located when you use certain dialect features, but when looking at social dialects linguists look at who you are and what social groups you are a part of. Social dialects are spread accross the country because nowadays people easily come in contact...
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...of the standard national language and others. It is the national language of England proper, the USA, Australia, New Zealand and some provinces of Canada. It is the official language of Wales, Scotland, in Gibraltar and on the island of Malta. Modern linguistics distinguishes territorial variants of a national language and local dialects. Variants of a language are regional varieties of a standard literary language characterized by some minor peculiarities in the sound system, vocabulary and grammar and by their own literary norms. Standard English – the official language of Great Britain taught at schools and universities, used by the press, the radio and the television and spoken by educated people may be defined as that form of English which is current and literary, substantially uniform and recognized as acceptable wherever English is spoken or understood. Its vocabulary is contrasted to dialect words or dialectisms belonging to various local dialects. Local dialects are varieties of the English language peculiar to some districts and having no normalized literary form. Regional varieties possessing a literary form are called variants. Dialects are said to undergo rapid changes under the pressure of Standard English taught at schools and the speech habits cultivated by radio, television and cinema. The differences between the English language as spoken in Britain. The USA, Australia and Canada are immediately noticeable in the field of phonetics. However these distinctions...
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...stress and accent to deliver the words or phrases correctly. Speaking language as a communication tool defines the nature of the speaker through its stress and accent. The stress and accent tells where the speaker is coming from. There are variations of English language based on nationality, native language use, colloquial influences, regional accent and local expression. Philippines is a country that speaks English as second language. Filipinos as non-native speaker of English can read, write, and understand English. Not all Filipinos are good in speaking this foreign language. There are many dialects that affect the acquisition of learning English language. One major factor is that Philippines is an archipelago whereas islands are isolated from each other. Learning English comes with a distinct set of challenges because people speak it in different ways. There are many different dialects in the country. It can affect the way on how to pronounce English words or the fluency in speaking the language especially for the students. English speaking is becoming a common part of our lives...
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...The novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, is a carefully sculpted novel that unravels the development of a young African American women in the South. As the novel progresses, Janie, the main character, sporadically moves from place to place trying to find her voice through a harmoniously partner. The author, Zora Neale Hurston, both simultaneously records and tells the story of Janie, through the alternation between the rural Southern dialect and the conventional English language. At distinct times in the text, Hurston pick Southern dialogue over the high literary dialect used by the narrator. There are numerous periods of constant idiomatic dialogue, celebrating Janie’s culturally rich heritage. Each character has slight variation in their...
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...All- American Dialects was written by Richard Lederer. Mr. Lederer was a lifelong student of language. In All- American Dialects Lederer presented many different ways that American speaks and dialects that are being used around the United States. Many states talk with different accents and broken- English. Dialects was a major way of knowing if a person is from a different state. Due to the fact, that many states have different accents they use that to their advantage with specific things. Such as making access code because some different states could not say specific letters they use that to get people who was trying to spy or find out specific things. Lederer presented in the article how a Unabomber who had terrorized the nation was caught...
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...cot and caught. * Moving vowels forward in the mouth is resulting in changes of vowel sound Cajun: * This dialect is a mixture of French, Canary Island Spanish, German, and English. * Some characteristics include fast talking, clipped vowels and an abundance of French terms. * The /th/ sound is usually replaced with /t/ or /d/. New York: * “on line” instead of “in line” * “dungarees” instead of “jeans” * The /o/ can make an /aw/ and /th/ can make a /t/ sound. California English: * Almost 50% of the population is made up of Latino/African Americans with separate accents. * Caucasian people pronounce the vowels in hawk and hock the same as well as cot and caught. * Moving vowels forward in the mouth is resulting in changes of vowel sound Cajun: * This dialect is a mixture of French, Canary Island Spanish, German, and English. * Some characteristics include fast talking, clipped vowels and an abundance of French terms. * The /th/ sound is usually replaced with /t/ or /d/. New York: * “on line” instead of “in line” * “dungarees” instead of “jeans” * The /o/ can make an /aw/ and /th/ can make a /t/ sound. American Varieties of English American Varieties of English Linguistic Terms Linguistic Terms - Standard American English (SAE): The most even mix of all the different accents and dialect in America. - Sociolinguistics: The study on how society and all of its aspects impact how language develops. - Accent:...
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...Indian dialect INTRODUCTION English has been with India since the early 1600's, when the East India Company started trading and English missionaries first began their efforts. A large number of Christian schools imparting an English education were set up by the early 1800's. The process of producing English-knowing bilinguals in India began with the Minute of 1835, which officially endorsed T.B. Macaulay's goal of forming "a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern - a class of persons, Indians in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinion, in morals and in intellect" (quoted in Kachru 1983, p. 22). English became the official and academic language of India by the early twentieth century. The rising of the nationalist movement in the 1920's brought some anti-English sentiment with it - even though the movement itself used English as its medium. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN ENGLISH Indian English is a distinct variety of the English language. Many Indians claim that it is very similar to British English, but this opinion is based on a surface level examination of lexical similarities. Of course, one must keep in mind that not every linguistic item is used by every Indian English speaker and that a great deal of regional and educational differentiation exists. Even so, items can be identified which are indicative of Indian English speech and which are widely used. These operate on various phonological, morphological,...
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...There appears to be a few areas within this essay draft that either need to be enhanced to show the relation to a regional dialect or the core dialect and if no relation you may want to consider removing them so that they do not distract the reader away from your intended focus. The following section as written currently, does not enlighten the reader as to what part of the region uses this Gullah dialect. You may want to include that additional information so that the reader can visualize or relate to the region that uses this dialect. • “Gullah is the language of the descendants of the slaves that were brought to the South, and “goober” is the Gullah word for “peanut” and “tote” is the Gullah word for “carry”. The “Rebel Yell” is actually...
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...My honors seminar would be called The Different Dialects of the English Language: What We Can Gain From the Way We Speak. This discussion based class would aim to understand how and why different dialects of the english language are formed and what judgements others make based on the dialect a person is speaking. We would begin by talking about why dialects are created and the different dialects we think we have. The discussion would focus on the formation of dialects and then shift to the perception certain dialects have. What kind of indicators do they give off? From here we would examine why a certain person who choose to use a more slang driven or formal dialect in a certain circumstance and if they could use their transition from one...
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...research scholarly article at the time with its hypotheses, methods and findings, a synthesis of several articles with overlaps in topics will be given instead. Let’s start with relationships, One important aspect of speech accommodation theory to consider is how researchers evaluate speech. By examining factors that are used to determine speech behaviors, much can be learned about the study of accommodation. There are several characteristics of speech upon which researchers have focused their attention and that speech accommodation theory takes into consideration. The first of these is how language, dialect, and accent are evaluated. People perceive those who use standard dialect and accent patterns as having "more competence, status, prestige, confidence, and inteUigence than speakers using nonstandard forms" (Street & Hopper, 1982, p. 2). Deha (1975) reports that dialect...
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...Data Collection Project Topics Students in Sociolinguistics I are expected to choose from among these topics listed below. Why? Because it is difficult, as a beginning researcher who may never have conducted fieldwork before, to design a good project that will yield meaningful results and anticipate known pitfalls in one short academic quarter. (It’s much more important to design a good study than to conduct a novel study. So, it is fine to simply do one of these projects.) See what the syllabus has to say about the evaluation of this project here. If you really think you have a GREAT project idea, different from any below, that you want to pursue, you must obtain permission to do it. You will be asked to show that you really know: 1) your research question, 2) the limitations and advantages of your proposed methodology, 3) how your research is situated within a tradition of sociolinguistic research. General Calendar: The notations for WEEKS show a recommended schedule for working on the project without having a frantic rush at any one time. 1. WEEK 2: In class this week, you will choose a presentation. Carefully consider making your data collection project tied to this presentation. This is because you want to have a good understanding of some of the extant research on your topic around which you can structure your project. Previous research also gives you 1) good insight into how to narrow a topic of appropriate size for focused...
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...With millions of people, London truly is a beacon for multicultural capital of Europe if not the world. With over 300 languages and dozens of different cultures intermingling every-day, it makes perfect sense why so many massive multinational corporations have headquarters in London. Within the 32 boroughs that make up Greater London, the proud capital of United Kingdom, there are over 300 different languages spoken daily. This makes London a truly cosmopolitan city, probably more so than New York. New York too has diverse demographics of languages spoken but considering the presence of United Nations there, perhaps it makes more sense. But London being so close to mainland Europe, has almost become a destination of choice for bilingual professionals. The business world recognises this and has reacted adequately. A good example of this would be the fact that Air-France consolidated all of the European call centres and moved them to Wembley in North London hence creating over 200 jobs. There are plenty of other similar examples and London now hosts more multilingual contact centres than anywhere else in the world and across the board, in many industry sectors the need for bilingual professionals has seen a steady growth. Probably New York is the only city that comes close to London in terms of Internationalism. Prof. John Wells of UCL says besides the obvious business sense this helps to eliminate the narrow-mindedness of British people in learning languages. He also adds...
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...(Ager 2012). Its capacity was spread over other areas of Italy, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East as an ordinary language for everyone (Ager). The alphabet had 23 letters: A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T V X Y Z with none being lower case letters, the I and V were consonants and vowels, K, X, Y, and Z were used to write Greek words, and the name Julius as it known to us today was spelled IVLIVS (Ager). The vernacular language was the language that had pushed in front of the Latin language. It was easily understood because it was written in the language used by those within the region respectively. The vernacular language is the dialect used for that particular region whether it was Spanish, French, Neapolitan or Italian to name a few (Matthews, 2012). Some examples of these languages are a poem from the Italian dialect is ritmo cassinese, ritmo which means the rhymes within the verses and cassinese derives from cassino which means the abbey of Monte Cassino and can still be found at this abbey, and a Neapolitan song Canto delle lavendale del Vomero by Roberto Murolo which goes as: Tu m`aje prommiso quatto moccatore Oje moccatore. Oje moccatore Io so` benuto se, io so benuto Se me lovuo` dare, melo vuo` dare...
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...sentiments. We utilize the dialect to comprehend our general surroundings and to portray it in our own particular ways. Language is additionally required to depict how we see the world. As human bodies full grown, it figures out how to impart. We have numerous approaches to say the same word and same word may have a few distinctive implications. Same word might be utilized as a part of diverse settings. Language is massively utilized within discussion and tattles, mostly to connection two individuals together by settling their joint conclusion (typically antagonistic) of other individual not display either known exclusively or publically. Language t is utilized to convey data and to give the summons. Language is likewise used to express enthusiastic emotions and responses, word play and verse, social talking and to dialog about Language. It is the method for transforming and transmitting information. There are diverse sort of dialect that individuals utilization like slang, non-verbal communication, sign, pidgin, creole, and so forth. Kind of Language Used By People Slang: It is a kind of dialect containing words and adages that are considered as exceptionally casual. Slangs are more regular in discourse than composing and are ordinarily confined to a specific circumstance or gathering of individuals.(Cerny 2010) Pidgin: It is a simple dialect that creates as a method for correspondence between two or more gatherings which don't have a dialect in shared. It is most ordinarily...
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...Discuss, with the use of examples, two negative ways in which the social media has been affecting formal Standard English use in the Jamaica classroom and one methodology that a teacher of English might employ to combat these negative effects. The social media craze is one that affects most if not all persons today. Whether we are old, young, from different races or cultures, we have been exposed to these channels of interaction in some way. Not only that but we have a wide range of these Medias to select from. While some operate one or two accounts, there are those with multiple social media accounts for example Facebook, Twitter, Tagged, Viber, Whatsapp and so on. These types of media serve many different purposes including the replacement of traditional news forms, keeping in contact with friends and family members and to promote businesses and social events. The reality of it all, however, is that everything has both advantages and disadvantages. In this case we examine the negative effects of social media on the use of Standard English in the Jamaican Classroom. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to emphasize the extent to which the use of social media has contributed to the inappropriate use of the Standard Jamaican English and the poor expression in written language among our Jamaican students. Jamaica has been described as a bilingual society with the Jamaican Creole (JC) and Standard Jamaican English (SJE) being the major and minor languages. However the problem...
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