...Romanticism and realism Romanticism Romanticism gained fame and momentum as a movement of art in the early 19th century and flourished till the 1850s. It was popular in France and Britain. Romanticism, which emerged as a reaction to the disillusionment with enlightenment involving order and reason after the 1789 French revolution, stressed on emotion and imagination. In romantic art, nature provided an appropriate alternative to the thoughts of enlightenment. In this case, nature was considered as unpredictable, had a great potential for extreme disasters and had uncontrollable power. The terrifying and violent images of nature invented by artists during the romantic period recalled the 18th century aesthetics. In British and French paintings of the early eighteenth century, the presentation of the struggle of man against the power of nature highlights this sensibility. Romanticism, which cannot be expressed using a single technique, attitude or style, is characterized by a highly subjective approach, such as visionary quality and emotional intensity (Tekiner, 2000). The context of romanticism can be equated to a reaction against the enlightenment age. It is believed that there is a big relationship between Romanticism and the French revolution that started in 1789. It can be said that most romantics were basically progressive in their opinions although others had conservative views because nationalism in many countries was associated with Romanticism (Noon, 2003). Realism Realism...
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...Magical Realism Granville Scott Nelson Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Abstract Magical realism is a Latin American genre in which the author takes an ordinary storyline and inserts an unnatural character or sense of being. This paper will show the difference between magical realism and fantasy or science fiction. Magical Realism From my reading I now understand that magical realism is adding an unrealistic feature or character to an otherwise ordinary story. Magic realism is a term used to describe a mingling of the mundane with the fantastic. “Magical realism is not speculative and does not conduct thought experiments. Instead, it tells its stories from the perspective of people who live in our world and experience a different reality from the one we call objective.” (Rogers, 2002) If an author is telling a familiar story and he adds a twist such as a winged horse or an individual who has been alive for two hundred years, that is an example of magical realism. The difference in magical realism and fantasy is that the story is very natural and true with a surreal object and fantasy is just that, fantasy. The term is best described by Baker in her 1997 writing: While realism itself is a chronically unstable term, realist writing is usually understood to be that which draws on a set of narrative conventions designed to create the illusion that the story on the page is real or true and corresponds in some direct way to the ordinary world of day-to-day life...
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...Running Head: ROMANTICISM AND REALISM Romanticism and Realism Western Governor’s University RWT Task 1 February 17, 2013 Romanticism and Realism 1. Romanticism was a period starting as early as the 1760s seen not only in the world of art but also in the literary and musical worlds as well. The movement originated during the French Revolution as a contention to the Enlightenment period that centered on science and logic. The movement ranged from widespread Europe to the United States. During this period of time the Industrial Revolution was beginning and people lived in uprising cities with deplorable conditions of terrible sanitation and poor health. Focusing on Romanticism in the realm of art, the initial paintings consisted of landscapes. The need for open space was a reaction to the closeness of people living together in the city. It was very common to find turmoil and storms taking over the canvas. A great summary of the origins Romanticism can be quoted from The Metropolitan Museum of Art as “In Romantic art, nature—with it’s uncontrollable power, unpredictability, and potential for cataclysmic extremes— offered an alternative to the ordered world of Enlightenment thought.” (Galitz, 2000) Artists of this time period would paint pictures that caused the viewers to feel emotion. There were no distinguished characteristics of how a painting was created. Creations during the art period were original from the artists themselves and had no set technical rules...
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...American Realism The Civil War tore the country apart. Once America was reunited in 1865, there was a lot of healing that needed to take place to correct the wounds Americans had suffered at the hands of their kin. In these years there were still a lot of questions to answer and still a lot of truth to be found out about the nation itself. The questions of the place of African-Americans, white Americans, political Americans and every other kind of American out there was a source for constant frustration and violence. This is the background and the huge dust storm that American Realism rose out of. Prior to the Civil War, America was knee deep in the Romantic Movement which included writers such as Hawthorne, Thoreau, Melville, Poe and Whitman. Their writings focused on the puritan aspects of their ancestors or of the dark romance and psychological perspectives writers such as Poe and Melville used. However, after the war, this movement began to fade and Realism increased as the choice reading of the people. This was due to multiple events and changes in culture that led to Americans looking for something better to relate to. The first event was the end of the Civil War. The Civil War showed the violent intentions men had towards each other and also showed the vulnerability of men and the nation and how ungodly man actually was. However, Realism did not begin immediately after the Civil War but rather took off in the 1880’s. So what happened in the 1880’s then? The 1880’s...
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...What is the difference between Realism and Neorealism? Is the latter an advance on the former? In the words of a leading critic of Realism, “there is no single tradition of political realism, but rather a knot of historically constituted tensions, contradictions and evasions. The realist thought embraces a view that international system is anarchic and states are principal actors driven by currency of power and competing self-interest. Many exponents and critics, describe Realism as tradition of thought, which signifies an approach to international relations, describing the world as it is, and not as it ought to be. In this essay, I will highlight differences between two strands of Realism dominant in the 20th century i.e., classical realism and neo-realism and also assess if neo-realism is an advance on realism. While there are numerous denominations to the realist theory, there are no. of essential core elements which all Realists subscribe to. Prescribing to Hobbes view, all realists be it classical or neo-realist believe that international system is a state of nature where individual exist in an ungoverned environment, “without a common power to keep them all in awe”. Hobbes equates state of nature as state of war, which pits “every man, against every man”. To escape this intolerable condition, individuals agree to enter a civil society and install a sovereign power. Therefore, Realist theory operates in the assumption that domestically; the problem of order and security...
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...artists’ nature gave an alternative to the ordered world of enlightening thought. Romanticism painting is not generally identified with any one single style, attitude, or technique. It is more defined by a highly subjective and imaginative approach, a visionary or dreamlike quality and intense emotions. Romantic artists tried to express with suggestion, states of feeling that were too mystical, or too intense too define. Self expression, the ability to act on free will, Spontaneity, individualism and the ability to shape your own life were the main ideals of this period. The movement placed great emphasis on emotions such as horror, terror, apprehension, and awe. Realism Realism is an attempt to describe human behavior and or surroundings or to represent objects and figures just as they appear or act in real life. Realism...
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...Critical Realism and Social Constructivism: Homelessness in Australia Name: University: Course: Tutor: Date: Abstract This Essay looks into the contrasts between Critical Realism and Social Construction, in relation to social issues in Australia. The social issue that is being tackled in this case is the homelessness in Australia. It explains the two phenomena in terms of the sociological perspectives on their difference and deviance. The content of this essay will be illustrated through different materials on the state of the homelessness in Australia. The structure of the Essay is in the form of arguments and evidences to back up those arguments. Introduction Critical Realism theory has to do with the objects of science. This includes both the transitive and intransitive objects. The transitive objects are those that are constructed socially and change according to how much and how fast the theories of science do change. Intransitive objects on the other hand have nothing to do with the social issues, and do exist independent of the human’s knowledge of their existence. Social constructivism comes about when we come up with theories about them using our intellect, history and even social issues which are used to explain several phenomena. This can be seen in the explanation of gravity, which exists independent of our knowledge of it. Social construction has occurred in this subject, whereby intellect gained from areas like history...
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...Romanticism and Realism According to the Merriam Webster dictionary (2014), art is defined as anything that is thought to be beautiful or expresses important ideas and opinions. Today I will be comparing two periods of art from the 18th and 19th centuries, Romanticism and Realism, and looking at their contributions to society and how each has had their own influence on the future art world. Romanticism is the earlier of the two art periods, and was first identified as a movement around 1800. Romanticism flourished in Britain and France up until the mid-nineteenth century. Romanticism can be defined as "A movement in literature and the fine arts, beginning in the early nineteenth century that stressed personal emotion, free play of the imagination, and freedom from rules of form." (Webster, 2014) This art style puts an emphasis on imagination and emotion. This new art form came about as a result of the after effects of the French Revolution and in defiance with the Enlightenment movement. Romantic art tends to express the true force of nature, with all of its uncontrollable power and unpredictability, unlike the controlling nature of the Enlightenment movement. A few of the Romantic artists include Gustave Courbet and Jean Francois-Millet. (Galitz, 2004) Some of the very notable characteristics of the Romantics are the use of emotion, excess instead of moderation, spontaneity, nature, subjective, use of symbolism, and mystery. (Clark, 2011) Romanticism came about during...
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...Gabriel García Márquez: Life Influences and Magical Realism September 19, 2012 Introduction The goal of this project proposal is to present background on the subjects of realism, magical realism, and Gabriel García Márquez. It will go in depth into Gabriel’s life as well as define the difference between realism and magical realism. The ultimate goal is to present a valid project idea pertaining to the three subjects previously mentioned; the project being a combination of a well-researched paper and other supplemental pieces. Background Gabriel García Márquez Gabriel José García Márquez, born on March 6, 1928, is an accomplished story writer, journalist, screenwriter, and novelist. He has been presented with several awards and honors, including the 1972 Rómulo Gallegos Prize, the 1972 Neustadt International Prize for Literature, the 1981 French Legion of Honor, and the 1982 Nobel Prize in Literature. García Márquez was said to be one of the most significant authors of the 20th century. Not only are his works of literature successful, he is also noteworthy for the style with which he writes. He uses a magical realism style which takes realistic events and places, and adds an aspect of magic to them. García Márquez is the first widely known user of this style; he is often credited with commercializing it. Gabriel García Márquez was born in Aracataca, Columbia on March 6, 1927 to Luisa Santiago Márquez Iguarán and Gabriel Eligio García. García Márquez was raised...
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...Realism and Surrealism: Defining the Arts WGU Realism and Surrealism: Defining the Arts Realism was created as a response to the withstanding Romanticism of the first half in the 19th century. This response was attributed by the occurrence of the Bourgeois revolts of 1848, which changed literary tastes. After Bourgeois prevailed, the revolution brought on economic reform and later Socialism and class struggle, which interrupted the social scene. In this era of changes, writers began to study the reality of the world around them. History and mythology lost their literary importance to many (Rubin). Aesthetically realistic paintings were just that, realistic depictions of real-time scenes. In keeping with Gustave Courbet’s statement in 1861 “painting is an essentially concrete art and can only consist in the representation of real and existing things” (Finocchio). In realism, there is no personification of people as mythical beings, no glorifications, and romanticizing takes no place. The focus of this art period was on the common man. Surrealism is a type of art and literature that developed in the 20th century, officially in 1924. Surrealism grew through Europe between World War I and World War II. It was founded by a small group of artists attempting to unlock the power of imagination and heavily influenced by Sigmund Freud. Surrealism evolved from the Dada movement, which created paintings of anti-art that purposely defied normal reasoning to the viewer...
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...ROMANTICISM AND REALISM Deborah Christman Western Governor’s University ROMANTICISM AND REALISM Both Romanticism and Realism were art movements that began in the 19th century, during a time of war and revolution. Romanticism focused on emotions, injustice, and extraordinary, while Realism characterized the world without glorification. Both began as a response to historic ideas, but they vary in terms of artistic style and political views. In the first part of the 19th century, a new art movement began—Romanticism. Romanticism arose in retaliation of Neoclassicism, which placed restraints on artists and “rules-driven orderliness”. Romantic artists focused more on perception and impression, rather than on the specific object. They included “passion, emotion, and exotic settings with dramatic action”. Their attention was on the Romantic hero (archetype) who rejected normal life and focused on himself. The subjects in their paintings showed the preposterous and untamed side of humans. (Mindedge, 3.18) To display emotion and style, the artists used somber paint colors and displayed Gothic elements. The color red was used quite often as a sunset or in the person’s clothing, while black and gray were used for the skies to display impending doom. The main goals of Romanticism were to portray the battle between man vs. nature and man vs. himself, and also show certain political issues. The types of media used were oil paints and watercolor. The painting...
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...The Classical Period The Classical Art Period consisted of ancient Greek and Roman art and fell between the years 900 BC and 31 BC. During the Classical Period, Athens and Sparta were dominant cities in the Greek region. These cities were suspicious of one another, but managed to live peacefully together until the 5th century, BC. Cultural and political differences between the two cities caused a rivalry to form. The rivalry was eventually quelled after a brutal war which ultimately ended in the demise of both cities and the rise of Macedonia as the dominant power in the region. Eventually, the social structure in the Classical Period became somewhat of a democracy and an open society which we have emulated in the United States (“History of Greece: Classical Greece”, 2014). Many other wars occurred over the course of the Classical Period, and this culture of war contributed to the realism of the art of the time. The brutality of war and the effects it had on Greek society inspired artists to focus on man, rational thinking, and logic (“History of Greece: Classical Greece”, 2014). Greek artists in the 5th century, BC began to realistically imitate humans and animals through art (Boardman, 2012). These Greek artists gained a better understanding of anatomy and the human body’s mechanics, giving them the ability to realistically render the human form in multiple positions without appearing awkward. Logic was valued over emotion in sculptures. This means that facial expressions...
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...Essay Topic: “Critically Evaluate Post War Realist Explanation of International Politics with Particular Reference to Power” Introduction The tradition of political realism – realpolitik, power politics – has a long history that is typically traced back to the great Greek historian Thucydides in the fifth century BC. Although dominant attitudes towards realism have varied, realist arguments and orientations have been central to the Western theory and practice of international relations. “In particular, “modern” international society, whether dated from the era of Machiavelli at the turn of the sixteenth century or that of Hobbes in the mid-seventeenth century, has been closely linked to realist balance of power politics. The link between realism and international theory is especially strong in the twentieth century. International relations first emerged as an academic discipline before and immediately after World War I, largely in reaction against realist balance of power politics. The discipline was then reshaped immediately before and after World War II by self-identified realists such as E. H. Carr and Hans Morgenthau. Prominent scholar-practitioners, such as George Kennan and Henry Kissinger, have called themselves realists. For most of the post-World War II era realism has been the dominant paradigm in the Anglo-American study of international relations”[1]. Even in our post-Cold War era of globalization, realist theories, although much less dominant...
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...Kennedy Nabors Mrs. Dale AP English IV 24 November 2012 The Odyssey of Realism All throughout literature and script has been used as a means to describe or make a point to an audience. In American literature, the focus of these devices has become the use of language, aesthesis, truth, expression, fiction, and affectiveness. In Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller’s stylistic devices convey not only bitter deception and bleak despair, but also hopeless despondency and forlorn anguish to display the realism and iniquity of the common man. As a representative form of American realism, Death of a Salesman portrays the use of language to convey a feeling of acrimony that demonstrates the relationship between the ideas of Willy Loman and the American common man. Willy Loman as the protagonist and the antagonist of his own story creates the sense of language that develops the idea of being “liked and you never will want” stating the façade of the Willy’s society (Miller 21). While communicated to the audience through a form of realism, his language functions as the crevice between the real and non-real. As development of language continues sometimes Willy Loman’s clichés “rise to the level of pure poetry” (Roudane 369). The use of language constructs poetic symbolism and closes the gap between non-realism and realism. Throughout the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain utilizes a poignant sense of diction reciprocating the slang the common man used in the Antebellum South...
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...IWT Task 1 It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the relationship between two periods of art. The Realism period will be compared to the Impressionism period. Visual art will be the discipline compared. A1. Earlier Historical Art Period The Realism art period flourished from the mid 1800’s until the late nineteenth century. Its roots started in France after the Revolution of 1848. The monarchy of Louis-Philippe was defeated and the period of the Second Empire began. The French Realist period grew under Napoleon III’s rule. French artists such as Gustave Courbet and Jean-Francois Millet used their paintings as political statements. As the French society looked for democratic reform, the artists of the time depicted working class people doing their everyday jobs. Not only were Courbet’s portraits criticized for their simple and crude style, but also for the scale of the portraits that depicted the often mundane and impoverished lower class. Their goal was to depart from the former Romantic era and portray people and events truthfully and often, “in gritty detail” (Finocchio, 2004, p.1). The artist’s subjects were not posed, smiling out at the world but rather caught in the act of living. Often the subject’s clothes were torn and dirty, their faces tired and worn. Although Realism is often associated with France, it also influenced artists in Russia, England, Germany and the United States. A2. Later Historical Art Period The Impressionism Art Movement was launched in Paris...
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