...Benefits The idea of Islamic banking was initiated and brought up by some economists who were conscious about socio economic development of Muslim nations based on Islamic principles. It was based on noble vision and objective of Islamic banking base on profit and loses sharing principle. The foundation of Islamic banking theory that they proposed was based on mudaraba and musharakah contracts as mechanism to operate Islamic banking system. “The early contributions on the theory of Islamic banking were only discussed as part of the subject in Islamic economic system. For example, the book by Qureshi on Islam and the Theory of Interest (Qureshi (l946)) which looked upon banking as a social service that should be sponsored by the government like other public institutions such as public health and education.2 His view was based on the point that the bank could neither pay any interest to account holders nor charge any interest on loans advanced. He also suggests the possibility for both Islamic banks and entrepreneur to create a partnership. No mention was made of profit-sharing.” Other economists were come up with different ideas at earlier stages such “the principle of mudarabah was appealed systematically by Uzair (l955). His main contribution lay in suggesting mudarabah as the main premise for 'interest less banking'. However, his argument that the Islamic bank should not make any capital investment with its own deposits rendered...
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...following study is conducted due to the presence of one important economic instrument which has different system of management hence to show the similarities and differences between these instruments. Islamic and conventional banks are all banks but having different system of managements, aspects, history, products and even acceptance according to laws. The research will discuss these aspects and more to make people aware of these instruments so as to remove the confusion on them and make them choose the best with the best reasons. This study will be divided in to three chapters. Chapter one will be all about Islamic and Conventional banks, theirs nature, history, products offered and many more. Chapter two will discuss and show the similarities and differences of these banks. Chapter three as the final chapter will discuss the case study of Islamic banks in Tanzania. I pray to Allah to make this study be the sources of awareness about these banks especially in Tanzania where by people haven’t got exactly meaning and differences of these banks. 2) JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH: i. The research will define, show and explain the short history of Islamic and Conventional banks. ii. This research will show the comparison of Islamic and Conventional banks. iii. The research will show roles and activities of Islamic and Conventional banks in the community. iv. In this research products offered by these banks will be...
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...between Islamic Finance and conventional Finance principles. In order to do this, firstly it is necessary to determine the scope and establish some of the fundemental concepts that define Islamic Finance, or "Sharia compliant banking" as it is often referred to. After this, it will be possible to discuss some of the advantages that Islamic Finance institutions have over the typical conventional banks. As of 2014, Islamic Financial institutions represented around 1% of the total assets throughout the world, with an estimated value of around $2 trillion. There exist in the region of around 300 institutions throughout the world that adopt a financial approach dictated by the principles of Islam. This number has been growing as a result of the financial crash in 2008 where many conventional banks faced liquidity issues; investors disillusioned with the performance and practices of conventional banks increasingly sought to invest their assets with Islamic Finance institutions. However, the fact that only 1% of institutions currently adopts the Islamic Finance approach shows that conventional banking methods are still more popular with investors and institutions alike. Most of the Islamic Finance institutions are based in the Middle East, but there has been a significant increase in Islamic Finance institutions in the main financial centres of this world (London, Shanghai and New York). The following table displays some of the similarities and differences between Islamic and conventional...
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...3.2.1. Overdrafts/Credit Cards etc. Conventional banks offer the facility of overdrawing from account of the customer on interest. One of its form is use of credit card whereby limit of overdrawing for customer is set by the bank. Credit card provides dual facility to customer including financing as well as facility of plastic money whereby customer can meet his requirement without carrying cash. As for facility of financing is concerned that is not offered by Islamic banks except in the form of Murabaha (which means IFI shall deliver the desired commodity and not the cash) however facility to shop/meet requirement is provided through debit card whereby a customer can use his card if his account carries credit balance. Under conventional banking a customer is charged with interest once the facility availed however under Murabaha only profit is due when the commodity is delivered to the customer. Furthermore in case of default customer is charged with further interest for the extra period under conventional system however extra charging is not allowed under Murabaha. (Vol. 2 No. 2; February 2011, pg 170, Differences and Similarities in Islamic and Conventional Banking Muhammad Hanif) Credit cards can offer certain advantages to the holder. Firstly, they provide easy means of obtaining credit for an interest free credit period from a week to a mouth. Secondly, credit card can easily be used to withdraw cash over the counter or from an Automated machine (ATM).Furthermore...
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...is the concern of any country that looks for the welfare of its people. Therefore, the banking sector and its role of intermediation between savers and borrowers is the target of regulators in every country to enhance stability, soundness and economic growth. The banking sector is one component of the financial system and its importance stems from the importance of the financial system as a whole. 1.2. 1.2 Financial Systems The financial system is defined by Gurusamy (2008) as a system that aims at establishing and providing a regular, smooth, efficient and cost effective linkage between depositors and investors (ISBN 0-07-015335-3). Researchers such as Levine...
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...Proposal on Islamic Banking Table of Contents TOC \o 1-2 1) Research Title PAGEREF _Toc \h 3 2) Introduction to the Research Topic and Main Research Question PAGEREF _Toc1 \h 3 3) Literature Review Outline and Detailed Research Questions PAGEREF _Toc2 \h 5 3.1) Introduction PAGEREF _Toc3 \h 5 3.2) Background of Islamic Banking PAGEREF _Toc4 \h 5 3.3) Features of Islamic Banking PAGEREF _Toc5 \h 6 3.4) Determination of Whether Islamic Banking is a Matter of Semantics PAGEREF _Toc6 \h 8 3.5) Detailed Research Questions PAGEREF _Toc7 \h 10 4) Ethical Considerations PAGEREF _Toc8 \h 10 References PAGEREF _Toc9 \h 12 Bibliography PAGEREF _Toc10 \h 17 1) Research Title “Islamic Banking: A Matter of Semantics?” 2) Introduction to the Research Topic and Main Research Question Islamic banking is denoted as a banking system, which is mainly governed by the principles that have been formulated by the Islamic Shariah (Hasan, 2012). In general, the term Islamic banking is not only typically based on evading internet-based transactions that are strictly prohibited under the law of Shariah, but also discards any sort of unsocial or unethical practices (Ahmed, 2011). With this concern, it can be affirmed that Islamic banking is regarded as the procedure of transforming predictable money lending into transactions that are fundamentally based upon real as well as tangible services (El-Gamal, 2006). This banking system, if...
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...Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance Vol. 2, No. 1; March 2014 23 Islamic Banking Scenario of Bangladesh Salahuddin Yousuf1 Md. Ariful Islam2 Md. Rayhan Islam1 Abstract With an aim to explore the current Islamic banking scenario of Bangladesh, this study examines the key concepts of Islamic banking and its history in the world and in Bangladesh as well. This secondary data based research meets its objectives of reviewing relevant concepts, history and current performance of the Islamic banks of Bangladesh through both qualitative and quantitative approaches. From the establishment of first Islamic bank in 1983, this country has currently eight Islamic banks. Except one individual bank (ICBIBL), most of the Islamic banks show remarkable growth in their profitability in the last decade. One reason behind this consistent negative figure in profitability of this bank is the frequent change of ownership. But overall significant contribution of the Islamic banks in the banking industry is visible from the research. This paper provides up-to-date scenario of the Islamic banking in Bangladesh. Keywords: Islamic Banking, Riba, Performance, Banking Industry JEL-classification: E44 G10 G21 1. Introduction Islamic banking and finance is a creation of modern age. Capitalism argues, capital- one of the key factors of production, deserves fixed return whereas the entrepreneurs have to bear all the risks. The conflict of opinions with the Islamic values starts from this very...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Introductory Paragraph Islamic banking refers to a system of banking that complies with Islamic law also known as Shariah law. The underlying principles that govern Islamic banking are mutual risk and profit sharing between parties, the assurance of fairness for all and that transaction are based on an underlying business activity or asset. The Islamic banking system has gained momentum worldwide. There are now 16 Islamic banks and financial institution operating in Malaysia. The popularity of the Islamic banking system is not limited to the Islamic bank only. The conventional system also interested in Islamic banking system For instance, CIMB has established CIMB Islamic bank that operates in accordance with Islamic Shari’ah principles. Islamic banks faced with strong competition not only from Islamic bank but also from conventional banks. The Islamic banking system is different from the conventional banking system but have some similarities between the two. For example, an Islamic bank conduct s its activities in accordance with the Islamic Shari’ah principle that strictly prohibit any payment or receipt of interest. However, the Islamic bank can offer product and service which are similarity by conventional bank. When Islamic banks or conventional banks offered any new product or service, the successful depends on the customer satisfaction level towards that product or service. In this competition, they must have to give extremely high...
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...“Islamic Accounting : Their Position in International Standard Harmonization” Rendy Anggita Putra “Islamic Accounting : Their Position in International Standard Harmonization” 1. Abstract According to (Susela, 1999) said the development of accounting theories is are affected by several factors including political and economic interests of certain people or group in community. Therefore, it can be also called if the accounting is a significant tool to illustrate the interests and perspectives of the various stakeholders. Islamic industry of finance has obtained tremendous growth in last few years, both in number of assets that manage by industry and in the diversity of financial products. A global system that can rule the industry will become significantly important for the Islamic finance sector in order to meet the needs of continued growth (Vinnicombe, 2012). Harmonization of Shari’a accounting standards has continue to be made by the AAOIFI as it is also done by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) for conventional accounting harmonization. In its development, financial reporting in Islamic accounting adds some different additional reports than conventional accounting to accommodate the unique transactions of Islamic economics. In that regard, this paper have objective to explore the main important values of Shari’a accounting and reporting standards of Islamic Accounting and try to find the answers of Islamic accounting positions among the process...
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...Methodology “The Comparison between Islamic loans and Conventional loans in relation to Market Power” Submitted By Ahmed el-Farnawany 16-2641 Tutorial Number: T13 Professor: Raghda El-Ebrashi Teaching Assistant: Hadeer Shawky January, 6th, 2011 Table of contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Literature Review 2 2.1 Conventional loans 2 2.1.1 Interest and loan pricing 2 2.1.2 Types of conventional loans 3 2.1.2.1 General loan types 3 2.1.2.2 Business loans 4 2.1.2.3 Consumer loans 4 2.2 Islamic loans 5 2.2.1 Interest prohibition. 5 2.2.1.1 Riba (Usury) 5 2.2.1.2 Why is riba prohibited 6 2.2.2 Types of loans in Islamic banking 6 2.2.2.1 Qard al-hasan 7 2.2.2.2 Ijara 7 2.2.2.3 Murabaha 8 2.2.2.4 Musharaka 8 2.3 Effect of Islamic loans objective and economic incentives on its market power in relation to conventional loans 9 2.3.1 The effect of Islamic Loan Objective on its Market Power 9 2.3.2 The effect of Islamic Economic Incentives on its Market Power. 10 2.4 Research gap 11 3. Methodology 12 4. References 17 1. Introduction Islamic economics and Islamic banks have grabbed the attention of millions of people around the world. That is because Islamic banks have assets that can be estimated as 300 billion USD around 75 countries in the world with 15 % annual growth rate (Weill 2010: 5). Islamic economics or banking systems are based on a set of...
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...1.0 Abstract Islamic Finance is an abstract concept until the first half of the twentieth century. In Malaysia, it has been almost three decades when the first Islamic bank makes its debut. Islamic banks have to compete with its competitors which is a conventional banks which have longer history than Islamic banks. For this competition, Islamic Finance have to know the awareness, understanding and perceptions of Malaysians towards it. Islamic Finance not only available for Muslims, but it also available for non-Muslims as well. In Malaysia, 40% of the population is non-Muslims and hence non-Muslims market is equally important to Islamic Finance (Bashir & Mail, 2011; Latiff, 2007). The purpose of this research is to examine the level of awareness, understanding and perceptions of Muslims in Malaysia of Islamic Banking products and services. In additional, this study also aims to investigate if any demographic influence it’s means the structure of population of the awareness, understanding and perceptions of Islamic Finance products and services among Muslims in Malaysia. A total of 50 respondents from different course and carrier in Unikl are selected for the purpose of this study. For the analysis, we used the primary data and Secondary data was adopted to analyse the results. The results show that more than half of the respondents are aware of the Islamic Finance in Malaysia but they do not aware of most of the products and services offered by Islamic banks. Muslims understanding...
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...PERFORMANCE OF Islamic bank Versus CONVENTIONAL BANK (A COMPARATIVE STUDY) A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED by SAAD SIDDIQ to University of Karachi in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION In MARKETING This thesis has been accepted for the faculty of UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks to Allah the All Merciful the all Benevolent for providing me the strength, courage, direction and skills to learn, acquire knowledge, and the ability to accept and meet challenges. Second I would like to thank all those people who have helped me in performing this research study.. I would like to give credit for those who gave their precious time to conduct the interview session and to those who filled the questionnaires. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Sir Mehmood Qasim for providing me his precious time, guidance, and instructions all along in order to materialize my content for the report.I am also thankful to my parents who accommodated me during those long hours of work in my project development and all the friends and colleagues who helped me out in my times of weakness and encouraged me. I am hopeful that the effort will be fruitful for the students to come in KU after us. Once again, I am very thankful to all people who have been involved in this thesis report directly or indirectly. Abstract This project compares the performance of Islamic banks and conventional bank in...
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...People Perception of Islamic Banking Muhammad Sohail Bhatti Student MS Islamic Banking & Finance University of Management & Technology Abstract: This research was conducted to gauge the perception of general public about Islamic Banking in Pakistan. Questionnaires were distributed to customers of Islamic Banking and conventional banking. The results revealed that most of the people do not have adequate knowledge of the concepts of Islamic Banking. Some of the participants did not even know that “Riba” is forbidden in Islam. Less awareness about the Islamic banking concepts can be the main cause of negative perception among general public. This study also revealed that many people think that Islamic banks have not played their proper role in creating the awareness and knowledge about the concepts and working of Islamic banking. The study might help the Islamic Banks to reconsider their marketing strategies so that the negative perceptions of the general public may be changed to a positive one. Key Words: Islamic Banking, Perception Introduction: Islamic Banking is relatively new concept as compared to conventional banking. The history of conventional banking dates back to about two hundred years. Whereas Islamic banking is only in its infancy stage and started only about 17 years ago. People are so used to the conventional side of the banking that it is a little hard for them to understand the Islamic Banking concepts and the working and services offered by them...
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...types of banks, conventional banks and Islamic banks. In simple words Islamic banks operate in interest free system. Prohibition of interest is ordained in Islam in all forms and intent. This Prohibition is strict, absolute and unambiguous. The Holy Qur'an in verse 278 of Surah Al-Baqarah states: "O ye who believe! Fear Allah and give up what remains of your demand for Riba, if ye are indeed believers." Verse 2: 279 says: "If you do it not, take notice of war from Allah and His Messenger. But if ye turn back, ye shall have your capital sums. Deal not unjustly and you shall not be dealt with unjustly." It therefore, follows that interest is prohibited as it leads to injustices and Islam is against all forms of injustices and exploitations and pleads an economic system, which aims at securing extensive socio-economic justice. The Islamic law of prohibition of Riba, which includes interest, was originally not based on economic theory but on Divine Authority, which considers the charging of interest as an act of injustice (Dr. Siddiqui). Islamic banks appeared on the world scene as active players two decades ago. But many of the principles on which Islamic banking is based have been commonly acceptable all over the world for centuries rather than decades, as it is evident that Islamic finance was practiced predominantly in the Muslim world throughout the middle Ages, promoting trade and business activities. In Spain and the Mediterranean and Baltic States, Islamic merchants became...
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...whole scenario was the relative stability of Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs). In the last decade, IFIs have witnessed an impressive growth and have begun to make an impact on the current financial setup. This paper aims to highlight the basic foundation of Islamic financial system and the development of different markets and institutions. It will then point out certain issues and challenges facing the Islamic Financial Institutions. HISTORY Early History: The history of Islamic Financial system goes back to 1,000 – 1,500 AD, during which the Middle Eastern tradesmen would engage in transactions based on Shariah. During that time, the Ottoman Empire Arabs had good trade relationships with the Spanish, and they established their financial systems without interest, based on profit and loss sharing basis. As time went by, Middle Eastern and Asian regions became important trading partners for European companies such as the Dutch East India Company, as a result of which European banks started to spread their branches in these countries, which typically were interest-based. Thus the conventional financial institutions became more dominant as Western countries started to play an important role in world economy. Although, credit unions and co-operative societies based on profit and loss sharing system continued to exist, their activities were focused on very small geographical areas. Islamic Banking Practice, Early Initiatives: Islamic Finance started to grow radically in the...
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