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Different Contreceptives

In: Science

Submitted By jwormley
Words 805
Pages 4
The Many Different female contraceptives
How they work
Biology 1101

Females have many different choices when it comes to playing it safe and protecting themselves from pregnancy. One in three girls has had a child by the age of 20. The pregnancy rate among females age 14 and under rose from 13.5 in 1973 to 17.1 in 1992 and about 9% become pregnant each year. In 1994, there were 12,901 births to teens under the age of 15. This can be stopped by the many different kinds of contraceptives. There are pills you can take like the combination pills, mini pills, or plan B. Also there are different kinds of devices that can be put in you like NuvaRing, IUD’s, and Depo-Provera. Other methods you can use that don’t involve hormone doses are abstinence, condoms, and Spermicides. Abstinence is when you don’t have sex at all. If the sperm is never entering the vigina then there is no chance for it to fertilize the egg. Spermicides work differently. There is sexual intercourse and the spermicides are a lube like substance that is supposes to kill any sperm it comes in contact with. So if used as lube the sperm comes out of the urethra and in to a pool of spermicides and dies on contact. Condoms work as a trapper. They cover the penis during intercourse and when the man ejaculates the latex casing catches all the sperm and keeps it from entering the vigina. These are all forms of birth control that don’t deal with hormones. The next set of birth control deals with the releasing of hormones to keep you from becoming pregnant. Combination pills contain a combination of the hormones estrogen and progesterone to prevent ovulation, the release of an egg during the monthly cycle. A woman cannot get pregnant if she doesn't ovulate because there is no egg to be fertilized. The Pill also works by thickening the mucus around the cervix, which makes it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus and reach any eggs that may have been released. The hormones in the Pill can also sometimes affect the lining of the uterus, making it difficult for an egg to attach to the wall of the uterus. Mini pills are almost the same but the only release progesterone. This progesterone works by thickening the mucus around the cervix and making it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus and reach the egg. There are two brands of the morning after pill plan B next step and next choice. Plan B is made of one of the hormones found in birth control called progesterone. The other brand of morning after pill is made of a medication called ulipristal acetate. Both pills work by thickening the mucus so the sperm cannot get in to the uterus and thins the lining of the uterus making it harder for a fertilized egg to implant to the uterus. The morning after pills are not abortion pills they cannot abort a pregnancy that has already accrued they can only keep the pregnancy from happening. Other forms of birth control don’t call for taking a pill every day. IUD’s are surgically implanted inside of you and can stay for a number of years. You don’t have to worry about whether you took your pill or not. NuvaRing is a flexible ring that you yourself place inside of you every month. You don’t have to remember to take a pill every day but you do need to remember to take it out for the last week in the month and put a new one in at the beginning of the new month. Depo-Provera is a shot that is given every three months. You don’t have to think about or remember anything accepted to make you appointment every three months. All three of these methods work the same. The methods release hormones that thicken the mucus so the sperm cannot get in to the uterus and thins the lining of the uterus making it harder for a fertilized egg to implant to the uterus. All these birth control are very effective when used properly. IUD’s, Depo provera, and NuvaRing all have an effective rate of 97-99 percent. Out of every 100 females 3 or less become pregnant using these methods. The pills have an effective rate of over 99 percent when used properly. When not used properly they are only 92 percent effective. Condoms and spermicides have an effective rate of 85 percent when used properly. When used not properly they only have an effective rate of 72 percent. The only method that is 100 percent effective is abstinence because this is the one method that does not allow any penetration not allowing sperm to even get close to entering the vigina

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