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Digital Business Networks (Author: Dooley)

In: Computers and Technology

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Digital Business Networks (Dooley)
Chapter 1 Elements of Data Communications: Analog and Digital

1.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) What are the five evolution phases of data communications?
A) digitization, growth of data gathering, an era of delegation, the Internet as a common tool, and pervasive computing
B) analog signals, growth of data communications, an era of deregulation, the Internet as a common tool, and pervasive computing
C) digitization, growth of data communications, an era of deregulation, the Internet as a common tool, and pervasive computing
D) digitization, growth of data communications, an era of deregulation, the evolution of Voice-over-IP (VoIP) as a common tool, and pervasive computing
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3

2) In what year did computer technology begin to transform our social, economic, and governmental infrastructures?
A) 1960s, when Internet became a core in our technology
B) 1950s, when ARPA research was formed
C) 1980s, when the Internet was introduced
D) 1990s, when the Internet was enhanced
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3

3) The technology used in the 1960s called ________ was/were very large and expensive and used proprietary architectures that did not support cross-platform communications.
A) Department of Defense PCs
B) the Internet
C) personal computers
D) mainframes
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3

4) The term ________ generally refers to a technology or product that is copyrighted and not available for use without some type of fee or payment to its owner.
A) Internet technology
B) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology
C) Proprietary
D) IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electrical Engineers) technology
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3

5) A series of legal battles, beginning in the late ________ and continuing into the ________, introduced an era of deregulation that in ________ resulted in the federally mandated breakup of Bell Telephone/AT&T into two components.
A) 1970s, 1980s, 1988
B) 1960s, 1970s, 1984
C) 1960s, 1970s, 1988
D) 1980s, 1990s, 1994
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 4

6) A key goal of ________ is to allow competitors to enter a market so that consumers in that market can have a wider selection of service providers from which to choose.
A) digitization
B) the Internet
C) deregulation
D) All of the above.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4

7) In 1958, in response to the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik, the U.S. Department of Defense established ________.
A) Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
B) Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)
C) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
D) Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 4

8) The Internet mostly in use today, especially in the U.S., is known as version IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4). What is the next improved and enhanced Internet Protocol technology?
A) Internet protocol v5
B) Internet protocol v3
C) Internet protocol v9
D) Internet protocol v6
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5

9) Data communications is formally considered as a subset of ________.
A) Internet
B) AT&T Bell lab technologies
C) Telecommunications
D) All of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6

10) Telecommunications includes many different types of communication besides data, such as voice and video, and includes telephony, telegraphy, and television. Where does the prefix "tele" come from?
A) The Latin word communications
B) The Roman word for traveling
C) The English word for telecommute
D) The Greek word for distance
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6

11) Telecommunications historically has supported other purposes beyond communications between ________ and ________.
A) computers, networks
B) World Wide Web, DNS
C) DHCP, mainframes
D) File Transfer Protocols, Proxy Servers
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6

12) A number of ________, both national and international, specify how, where, when, what, and who can provide telecommunications services.
A) Internet and network organizations
B) protocols
C) standards-setting bodies
D) Internet technologies
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6

13) Today, the term data encompasses a much broader range of elements, no longer consisting of just numbers and text. What other elements might data include?
A) graphic images, sound files, or video elements
B) sound files, but not video
C) video elements, but not sound files
D) None of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6

14) One binary coding scheme in particular that will affect data communications technologies is ________.
A) Internet subnet mask
B) Internet Protocol (IP)
C) binary code
D) Unicode
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6

15) What are the three questions that must be considered with regards to data communications?
A) (1) how the data are delivered, (2) how accurate the data are once delivered, and (3) how accessible the data are to those who need to use it
B) (1) how the data are received, (2) how accurate the data are once delivered, and (3) how accessible the data are to those who need to use it
C) (1) how the data are delivered, (2) how accurate the data are once received, and (3) how accessible the data are to those who need to use it
D) (1) how the data are delivered, (2) how accurate the data are once delivered, and (3) how accessible the data are to those who sent it
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7

16) A/an ________ is a set of rules that determine how something is performed or accomplished.
A) standard
B) Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
C) protocol
D) Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7

17) In data communications, protocols must possess how many key characteristics in order for communications to successfully and effectively occur?
A) three
B) four
C) two
D) five
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7

18) When a sending device sends its data to a receiving device, the two devices must agree on the ________ of speed that will be used in the transmission.
A) protocol
B) standard
C) quality
D) rate
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 8

19) When two devices need to communicate, one of the devices may not be available for a variety of reasons: hardware failure, a downed communication link, ________, or ________.
A) system repair, network upgrading
B) system repair, software upgrading
C) system repair, mainframe upgrading
D) PC repair, software upgrading
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 8

20) Evolving data communications technologies, which are ________ or ________ depending on how one views them, are having dramatic effects on the ethical standards of conduct within our society.
A) invasive, pervasive
B) similar, different
C) active, interactive
D) small, large
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 9

21) If a business wants to be able to keep accurate records of its inventory, what should the business utilize?
A) Wireless technologies to be connected to the network all the time
B) More resources to keep track of what has been sold and what has been purchased
C) GPS (Global Positioning System)
D) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9

22) What are the two main types of standards?
A) invasive or pervasive
B) TCP/IP and Ethernet
C) formal and informal
D) IPv4 and IPv6
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 9

23) Standards provide well-known and published ________ upon which a technology can be based.
A) guidelines
B) rules
C) policies
D) All of the above are correct
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9

24) ________ standards are either proprietary or nonproprietary.
A) Formal
B) Non-formal
C) FCC (Federal Communications Commission)
D) De facto
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9

25) A famous example of a de facto standard that later became a formal standard is ________.
A) Internet subnet mask
B) Internet Protocol (IP)
C) Ethernet protocol
D) Unicode
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10

26) Ethernet was created by Xerox Corporation and later formalized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) as what standard?
A) 801.2
B) 802.1
C) 802.11
D) 802.3
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10

27) ISO is one of the standards-setting bodies. ISO stands for ________.
A) Internet Standardization Organization
B) International Standards Organization
C) International Systems Organizations
D) Internet Systems Organization
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10

28) One of the major standards-setting body organizations is ANSI, which stands for ________.
A) American Native Standards Institute
B) American National Standards of Internet
C) American National Standards Institute
D) American Nation Systems Institute
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10

29) The ISO attempts to create international technological compatibility by supporting and establishing worldwide ________.
A) standards
B) protocols
C) IP addresses
D) Ethernet protocol
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10

30) The ________ defines many standards for both local area networks (LANs) and backbone networks.
A) ISO
B) ANSI
C) IEEE
D) FCC
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10

31) The ________ is a nonprofit organization accredited by the American National Standards Institute to develop voluntary industry standards for a wide variety of telecommunications products.
A) IANA
B) IETF
C) FCC
D) TIA
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10

32) The ________ attempts to create international technological compatibility by supporting and establishing worldwide standards in the field of information technology.
A) FCC
B) OSI
C) ISO
D) IEEE
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10

33) ________ of a technology know that, by following standards, they will create a product of much greater appeal to their market of interest.
A) Network engineers
B) Software engineers
C) Managers
D) Developers
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9

34) ________ of a technology appreciate standards because it makes for easier maintenance, upgrade, and troubleshooting of their technology infrastructures.
A) Managers
B) Developers
C) Help desk users
D) All of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9

35) The ________ is an open-member professional society, meaning you could join it if you wanted to. It is the closest the Internet has to an owning organization. It represents more than 100 countries.
A) OSI
B) ISO
C) ISOC
D) IETF
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10

36) The ________ is an international community, consisting of researchers, vendors, and network designers. Its concern is with the evolution of the Internet's architecture and its efficient functioning.
A) IEEE
B) FCC
C) ANSI
D) IETF
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10

37) The ________ is responsible for actions associated with, and the final specifications of, Internet standards.
A) IESG
B) FCC
C) ANSI
D) IETF
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11

38) The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) provides strategic direction and guidance to the IESG and the ________.
A) IANA
B) FCC
C) ANSI
D) IETF
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11

39) The IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) governs the assignment of IP ________.
A) standards
B) numbers
C) binary codes
D) All of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11

40) The ________ oversees and authorizes interstate and international electrical communication systems originating in the U.S.
A) IESG
B) FCC
C) ANSI
D) IETF
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11

41) The ________ plays a major role in ensuring that the national telephone system operates effectively.
A) IESG
B) ISO
C) FCC
D) IETF
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 11

42) The ________ spearheaded the development of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and reviews performance standards for bridges, routers, and router protocols.
A) ISO
B) IEEE
C) IETF
D) FCC
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10

43) The ________ plays a fundamental role in the defining of standards for electrical and functional characteristics of interface equipment.
A) TIA
B) IEEE
C) IETF
D) FCC
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10

44) _______'s membership list includes industry associations, consumer groups, governmental bodies, professional associations, and other interested parties.
A) ISO
B) IETF
C) IEEE
D) ANSI
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10

45) The ________ has established standards that define data transmission over phone lines, e-mail and directory services, and transmission over public digital networks.
A) ISO
B) ITU-T
C) IEEE
D) ANSI
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10

46) ________ determine the speed at which sending and receiving devices can communicate based on the capabilities of each device.
A) Protocols
B) Standards
C) IPv4s
D) IPv6s
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11

1.2 True/False Questions

1) Networked data communications are not changing our world.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2

2) In 720 B.C., the Greeks used homing pigeons to carry messages.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 2

3) Global Positioning System (GPS) provides instant messaging and assistance.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 2

4) The evolution of data communications can be divided into five phases.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3

5) The evolution of data communications can be divided into six phases.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3

6) Deregulation is one of the six evolution phases of data communications.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 3

7) Deregulation is not one of the five evolution phases of data communications.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3

8) The evolution of the Internet came to existence in 1972.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3

9) The Internet is one of the six evolution phases of data communications.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3

10) The evolution of the Internet took place in 1990s.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3

11) In the 1970s, computer technology began to transform our social, economic, and governmental infrastructures.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 3

12) Computer technology began to transform our social, economic, and governmental infrastructures in the 1960s.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3

13) Mainframe computers are primarily used for storing small amounts of data.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 3

14) Mainframe computers were very large and expensive and used proprietary architectures that did not support cross-platform communications.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3

15) A closed architecture technology does not permit competing technologies to directly interface or interact with it.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3

16) Because they were large, expensive, and simple, mainframes were used mostly by governments, major research institutes, and large corporations.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3

17) Because they were large, expensive, and complex, personal computers were used mostly by governments, major research institutes, and large corporations.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3

18) The first data communications infrastructures used the existing circuit-based telephone system.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3

19) In 1986, the U.S. Congress passed the Telecommunications Competition and Deregulation Act.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4

20) In 1958, in response to the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik, the U.S. Department of Defense established the Advanced Resource Projects Agency (ARPA).
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 4

21) In 1968, in response to the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik, the U.S. Department of Defense established the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4

22) According to IMS Research, the total number of devices connected to the Internet was expected to exceed 15 billion as of August 2010.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4

23) The Internet mostly in use today, especially in the U.S., is known as Internet Protocol version 4.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5

24) IPv4 will ultimately be replaced with the new improved Internet, IPv9 (Internet Protocol version 9).
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5

25) A technology so commonly used that it is taken for granted within a society is referred to as a pervasive technology.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 5

26) A famous example of a commonly used pervasive technology in industrial countries is the cars we drive.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5

27) The Internet, by way of the World Wide Web (WWW), has become an information repository to only social media data.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6

28) Data communications is formally considered the main provider of telecommunications.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6

29) In telecommunications the prefix "tele" comes from the Roman word for distant.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6

30) "Data" might include graphic images, sound files, but no video elements.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12

31) Regardless of the kind of data, data will ultimately be expressed in IP Addresses format so that computers can process it.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6

32) The three questions that must be considered with regards to data communications are (1) how the data are received, (2) how accurate the data are once delivered, and (3) how accessible the data are to those who need to use it.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7

33) A protocol is a set of rules that determine how data are delivered and received.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7

34) A protocol is a set of rules that determine how something is performed or accomplished.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7

35) RFID, which stands for Radio Format Identification, is a wireless technology used widely to tag a device for tracking and monitoring purposes.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9

36) Formal standards are those standards that have been authorized by either an officially recognized body or by law and regulation.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9

37) The TIA is a nonprofit organization accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to develop voluntary industry standards for a wide variety of telecommunications products.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10

1.3 Essay Questions

1) What are the evolution phases of data communications?
Answer:
1: Digitization in the 1960s
2: Growth of data communications in the 1970s
3: An era of deregulation in the 1980s
4: The Internet as a common tool in the 1990s
5: Pervasive computing in the 2000s
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 3

2) What does ARPA stand for, and what was the purpose of its establishment?
Answer: ARPA stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency. One of ARPA's primary missions was to find a way for computers to communicate with each other, regardless of the computers" manufacturers.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4

3) What is the current version of the Internet protocol? What are some of the benefits of the Internet protocol? What is the next and enhanced version of the Internet protocol?
Answer: The Internet mostly in use today, especially in the U.S., is known as version IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4). When this version of the Internet was created, researchers had no way of knowing how wildly successful the Internet would become. Also, the types of data that IPv4 was designed to carry did not include relatively resource-intensive kinds of files such as those carrying video and sound. In the long run, for all of this to happen, IPv4 will ultimately be replaced with the new improved Internet, IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6). This transition is taking place now. IPv6 is viewed by many technologists as a solution to the significant problems that IPv4 cannot address.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 5

4) What is the main difference between Data Communications and Telecommunications? Where does the prefix "Tele" come from?
Answer: Data communications, as the name implies, is focused on the communication of data and information between computers and computer networks. Today, the term data encompasses a much broader range of elements, no longer consisting of just numbers and text. Data communications is formally considered as a subset of telecommunications, meaning that data communications is included within telecommunications, not the other way around. Even so, data communications covers a very large territory. Telecommunications includes many different types of communication besides data, such as voice and video, and includes telephony, telegraphy, and television. Therefore, telecommunications historically has supported other purposes beyond communications between computers and networks. The prefix "tele" comes from the Greek word for distant. In telecommunications, we are usually talking about great distances.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6

5) What is the main definition of protocol and for what is it used?
Answer: Protocol is a set of rules that determine how something is performed or accomplished. Many kinds of protocols rule our daily lives, some formal, some casual. When a customer goes into a bank to make a transaction, protocol states that the customer politely wait in line until it is his or her turn to speak with a teller.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7

6) In data communications, protocols must possess four key characteristics in order for communications to successfully and effectively occur. What are these four key characteristics?
Answer:
1. First, an agreement, or protocol, must specify how the data are to be packaged, or formatted, so that they can be sent between sending and receiving devices.
2. The ability of the communicating devices to understand the formatting protocols being used.
3. A third characteristic that data communication protocols should address is the speed of the communication
4. When two devices need to communicate, one of the devices may not be available for a variety of reasons: hardware failure, a downed communication link, system repair, or software upgrading.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 and 8

7) What does RFID stand for? For what is RFID used?
Answer: RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification. RFID help businesses to track and monitor inventory. With the use of RFID, businesses can keep accurate records of inventory. Businesses will also know what is in their warehouses or selling from the shelves of retailers. Businesses will have a better understanding of what items should be increased, or decreased, in terms of production.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 9

8) What are the main differences between protocols and standards?
Answer: Protocols are the rules that determine how devices communicate. Standards define the establishment of the essential rules, functionalities, and operations a protocol must fulfill.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9

9) Describe two of the Standards-setting organizational bodies.
Answer: The ITU-T concerns itself with international telecommunications issues. The ITU-T's particular areas of interest are phone and data systems. The ITU-T has established standards that define data transmission over phone lines, e-mail and directory services, and transmission over public digital networks.

ANSI represents the United States on the ISO. However, ANSI does not have a formal affiliation with the Federal Government; it is a nonprofit, private corporation. ANSI's membership list includes industry associations, consumer groups, governmental bodies, professional associations, and other interested parties. ANSI is the principal standards-setting body in the United States.
The IEEE defines many standards for both local area networks (LANs) and backbone networks (BNs). Emphasizing electronics and electrical engineering, the IEEE is the world's largest professional engineering society. The IEEE is playing a critical part in establishing new wireless communication standards. (See this chapter's "Topic in Focus" to find out more about the IEEE.)
The TIA is a nonprofit organization accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to develop voluntary industry standards for a wide variety of telecommunications products. The TIA plays a fundamental role in the defining of standards for electrical and functional characteristics of interface equipment.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10

10) What is the main purpose of the ISO (International Standards Organization)?
Answer: The ISO is an international body of voluntary organizations with great influence in the field of information technology. The ISO attempts to create international technological compatibility by supporting and establishing worldwide standards.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10

• uestion 1
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |The FCC and state public utility commissions do NOT regulate which type of networks? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |WAN | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |BN | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |MAN | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |LAN | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 2
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Which layer in an OSI data communication networking model ensures that the entire message sent from a sender to a receiver has been | | | |
| |delivered? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |session layer | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |presentation layer | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |transport layer | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |network layer | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 3
0 out of 1 points
| | |
| |The networks of the enterprise are typically connected through which kind of network? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |BN | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |WAN | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |LAN | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |MAN | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 4
0 out of 1 points
| | |
| |The top four "end-to-end" layers under the OSI model are: | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |link, letter, presenting, and final | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |interior, exterior, anterior, and posterior | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |transfer, transmit, user, and end | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |application, presentation, session, and transport | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 5
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |When data travels through the layers of a networking model, it is most akin to ________. | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |an envelope that gets stamped along the way | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |a book that has chapters added | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |an onion that loses its layers | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |a roof that has shingles added | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 6
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Three key services provided at the application layer include: (1) synchronizing the services between a user application and the | | | |
| |protocol(s) it may use, (2) ensuring that necessary resources required by an application service are available, and (3) ________. | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |making sure that end users are receptive | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |making sure that the application is licensed | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |making sure that email is properly set up | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |making sure that the correct communication protocol or service is available to the application | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 7
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |In order to get a computer's data from point A to point B, an ________ must be used. | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |ARP | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |infrastructure | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Interpol | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Internet subnet mask | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 8
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |How do OSI layers help a document in a Chicago workstation get to a workstation in Denver? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |OSI provides the authority for the file transfer. | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |The layers ensure confidentiality as the file is sent. | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |The layers provide the cloud that will allow the file transfer. | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |The layer protocol takes over at each step, down the layers, and each layer envelopes and adds its own stamp or header. | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 9
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |A layered architecture is ________ to a data communication network model. | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |insignificant | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |advantageous | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |incompatible | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |incongruent | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 10
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Data have to be encoded into some ________ form so that the data can be used by computer systems. | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |secondary | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |tertiary | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |bipolar | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |binary | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 11
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Networks have both physical and logical components. These include ________ and ________. | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |RAM, CPU | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |hard drives, external drives | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |hosts, external sites | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |hardware, software | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 12
0 out of 1 points
| | |
| |The distinction between where one category of network begins and another ends is: | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |crystal clear | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |sometimes blurry | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |impossible | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |never an issue | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 13
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |What is the best description of a "cloud" in networking terms? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |the inner workings of the infrastructure, the details that are hidden from the user | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |the organization that owns a network | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |a fluffy, beautiful object floating in a blue sky | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |the parent company of a networking company | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 14
0 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Which of the following will commonly use circuits provided by common carriers? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |MAN | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |WAN | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |LAN | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |BN | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 15
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Which layer in an OSI data communication networking model is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating communications | | | |
| |running between processes and applications across the network? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |application layer | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |session layer | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |presentation layer | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |network layer | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 16
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Which statement is most accurate? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |Many MAN and WAN infrastructure users simply lease the right to use the infrastructure. | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |MAN and WAN infrastructures are always owned by end-users. | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |MAN and WAN infrastructure users are prohibited from leasing such infrastructures. | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |LAN infrastructure users always lease such infrastructures. | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 17
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |The physical layer of the OSI data communication networking model is responsible for the ________ of bits, line configuration, physical| | | |
| |topology, and the transmission mode. | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |eradication | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |coordination | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |conjunction | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |synchronization | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 18
0 out of 1 points
| | |
| |A network can fall into one of four categories. What are the categories? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |local area network; backbone network; metropolitan area network; wide area network | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |LAN, BN, MAN, WAN | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |either local area network; backbone network; metropolitan area network; wide area network or LAN, BN, MAN, WAN | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |None of these | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 19
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Some of the services provided at the application layer of the OSI model might include: | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |e-mail | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |remote file access and transfer | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |e-printing services | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |All of these | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 20
0 out of 1 points
| | |
| |When was the TCP/IP model developed? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |at the same time as the OSI model | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |after the OSI model | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |before the OSI model | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |by accident when the OSI model was being developed | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 21
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |The ________ model has become the model of choice throughout the world not only for wide area networks (WANs), but also for | | | |
| |metropolitan area networks (MANs), local area networks (LANs) and backbone networks (BNs). | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |TCP/IP | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |EMP | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |OSI | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |R2D2 | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 22
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Open standards are: | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |available for public comment, review, and varying implementation | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |unavailable to the public | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |subject to Freedom of Information Act requests | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |a thing of the past | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 23
0 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Data communication networking models that have won wide acceptance include: | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |OSI | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |TCP/IP | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |All of these | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |None of these | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 24
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |In the 7-layered OSI model of architecture, layer 3 would be required to communicate with which of the following layers? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |1, 2, 3 only | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |1, 2 only | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |2, 4 only | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |4 and above | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 25
0 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Which of the following statements is the most accurate? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |An organization can use a LAN to cover greater distances at higher data rates than those offered by a MAN. | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |A LAN can be used to connect BNs and WANs. | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |An organization may find, if justified by transmission-volume needs, that having a private MAN may be less expensive than leasing these| | | |
| |services from a local telecommunications company. | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |A MAN is never subject to federal and state regulations. | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 26
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |ARP stands for: | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |Address Resolution Protocol | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Advanced Reconnection Procedure | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Acquiring Resonance Pattern | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Associative Receiving Participle | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 27
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |IGMP stands for: | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |Indeterminate Group Management Processes | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |International Group Management Protocol | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Internet Group Message Protocol | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Internet Generic Message Protocol | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 28
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |What are the seven layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |Readiness, power, venue, markup, transmission, reception, end | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Start, process, link, adapt, measure, synchronize, end | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Physical, data link, network, transport, application, presentation, session | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Identification, reaction, initiation, transmittal, analysis, synergization, conclusion | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 29
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |The infrastructures that create and support a WAN are ________ regulated. | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |heavily | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |never | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |rarely | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |sometimes | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 30
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Some of the questions a networking technologist might ask when setting up a network would include: | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |What is the purpose of the network? What services will this network be expected to provide? | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |What types of connectivity, 10 people or 100,000, are required? What are the physical dimensions the network? | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Is the network limited to the size of a room or the expanse of a country? What type of business and user applications will this network| | | |
| |have to support? | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |All of these. | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 31
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Which layer in an OSI data communication networking model ensures that data passed up to the application layer is in a format | | | |
| |understandable to that layer? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |application layer | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |presentation layer | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |transport layer | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |network layer | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 32
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |The ________ layer of the OSI data communication networking model takes unpackaged bit stream data arriving from the physical layer and| | | |
| |packages the bits into units called frames and then attaches a physical address to each frame. | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |data link | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |beta link | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |transport link | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |communication link | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 33
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |IP is used at the network layer to send units of data called ________ from one network to the next. | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |fledglings | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |datagrams | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |widgets | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |netgrams | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 34
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |As in the OSI model, the data link layer in the TCP/IP model is responsible for moving data from one ________ to the next in the | | | |
| |network path from the sender to the receiver. | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |database | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |host | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |datagram | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |laptop | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 35
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |A significant difference between TCP/IP and OSI is that: | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |several of the protocols associated with TCP/IP are relatively independent of the layer that they are generally associated with | | | |
| |whereas, with OSI, protocol functions are dependent to the layer they are associated with | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |several of the protocols associated with OSI are relatively independent of the layer that they are generally associated with whereas, | | | |
| |with TCP/IP protocol functions are dependent to the layer they are associated with | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |both several of the protocols associated with TCP/IP are relatively independent of the layer that they are generally associated with | | | |
| |whereas, with OSI, protocol functions are dependent to the layer they are associated with and several of the protocols associated with | | | |
| |OSI are relatively independent of the layer that they are generally associated with whereas, with TCP/IP protocol functions are | | | |
| |dependent to the layer they are associated with | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |neither several of the protocols associated with TCP/IP are relatively independent of the layer that they are generally associated with| | | |
| |whereas, with OSI, protocol functions are dependent to the layer they are associated with nor several of the protocols associated with | | | |
| |OSI are relatively independent of the layer that they are generally associated with whereas, with TCP/IP protocol functions are | | | |
| |dependent to the layer they are associated with | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 36
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |What is one thing that the TCP/IP model and the OSI model have in common? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |They are both layered models. | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |They both have lateral sub-models. | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |They both have identical layers. | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |They were both created by OSHA. | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 37
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |RARP stands for: | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |Reverse Address Resolution Protocol | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Rearing Adverse Resolution Practice | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Revolving Address Resolution Protocol | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Resolution And Reversion Protocol | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 38
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Organizations that have more than one LAN might be tempted to ________. | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |connect the networks through a backbone network | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |use a backbone network to allow the LAN networks to communicate with each other | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |connect the networks to share resources | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |All of these | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 39
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Networking models are ________. | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |concrete | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |conceptual | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |unable to be duplicated | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |not able to be modified | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 40
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Sprint, MCI, AT&T and others are all examples of what kind of organizations? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |common law companies | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |common networkers | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |common telecommuters | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |common carriers | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 41
0 out of 1 points
| | |
| |If an employee used a file transfer protocol program to send a large report file, the user interface in the file transfer program would| | | |
| |serve as the ________ layer that permits two people to exchange the data file over the network. | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |presentation | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |transfer | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |application | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |session | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 42
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |The three lower layers under the OSI model are: | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |application, presentation, session | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |network, data link, physical | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |transfer, transmit, user | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |link, presenting, final | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 43
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |A networking model is akin to a(n): | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |architectural blueprint | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |compass rose | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |divining stick | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |None of these | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 44
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Physical and logical components within the network work with each other based on standards and ________. | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |protocols | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |projects | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |guesses | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |projections | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 45
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |IP stands for: | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |Internet productivity | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |International protocol | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Intransient properties | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Internet protocol | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 46
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |One governmental body that sets forth building regulations and safety standards is: | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |FDIC | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |OSHA | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |OSBA | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |FDCPA | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 47
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |ICMP stands for: | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |Internet Control Message Protocol | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Internal Control Mechanism Procedures | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Indeterminate Control Messaging Procedures | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Internal Climate Message Protocol | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 48
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Above and beyond their standards and protocols, networks have another dimension that describes how they function. This extra dimension | | | |
| |is the ________ upon which the network is based. | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |logical component | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |standard procedure | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |networking model | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |None of these | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 49
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |Which of the following statements is the most accurate? | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |A LAN would never be found in a work environment. | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |A LAN is always configured in the same way. | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |A LAN is the same thing as a BN. | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |A LAN may include printers and routers. | | | |
| | | | | |

• Question 50
1 out of 1 points
| | |
| |The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model has ________ layer(s). | | | |
| |Answers: | | | |
| |one | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |three | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |five | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |seven | | | |
| | | | | |

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