...applications. Its reach increasingly involves the use of technology to combine images and information--creating the potential to profoundly change how people and businesses communicate.Just as Eastman had a goal to make photography "as convenient as the pencil," Kodak continues to expand the ways images touch people's daily lives. The company ranks as a premier multinational corporation, with a brand recognized in virtually every country around the world. | | Kodak has made it easy to enjoy your pictures. The expression 'You Press the Button, We do the rest' was a common advertising slogan in the 1890s. This familiar expression was also set to music. Visit our interactive history of Kodak products to listen and see some of today's latest digital products and our early film and cameras from the 1880s. | III) The falling process Kodak's difficulties began in 1980...
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... 24 25 2 Executive Summary The National Board of Revenue (NBR), as the central authority of tax policy and administration in Bangladesh, plays a critical part in the development of the country. During the current fiscal year (FY 2010-11), NBR is expected to collect Taka 75,600 crore, providing much needed support to the government‟s development efforts. In recent years, Bangladesh‟s tax collection has recorded an impressive growth averaging 20% per annum. Despite this good achievement, a lot remains to be done. Bangladesh‟s tax-GDP ratio at 9.3% remains quite low when compared with other similarly placed countries in South Asia. Less than 1% of the population pays income tax and tax evasion is persistent even though a significant amount of tax revenue is given up in the form of tax incentives. Together, curbing tax evasion and dealing with tax incentives could add 5 percentage points to the tax-GDP ratio, potentially adding about 40,000 crore to the revenue collection. Most of NBR‟s processes are manual and there is little in the nature of taxpayer service and taxpayer education. The NBR also faces problems in its functioning due to its current administrative structure. Despite being under the same board, the different wings of the NBR (Income Tax, Value Added Tax (VAT) and Customs) operate almost independently providing little support to each other in combating tax evasion and providing a unified front to taxpayers. Moreover, the NBR faces the problems of acute shortage...
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...Parliament of Australia Department of Parliamentary Services Parliamentary Library Information, analysis and advice for the Parliament RESEARCH PAPER www.aph.gov.au/library 26 May 2010, no. 17, 2009–10, ISSN 1834-9854 Budget Review 2010–11 Last year’s Budget was framed amid a sharply deteriorating world economy which was considered the most challenging global economic conditions since the Great Depression. In 2009, the global economy contracted for the first time in the post-war era. In contrast, Australia grew by almost 1.5 per cent supported by monetary and fiscal policy stimulus, a well-functioning banking system, and strong growth in a number of East Asian economies. The third Rudd Government Budget, presented on 11 May 2010, was developed within an improving but still uncertain outlook, with events in Greece and other European Union countries reminding us of the risks to the global economic recovery. Strong economic growth in China and India is expected to continue to flow throughout the region and, despite a slower pace, the US is leading the recovery among our advanced economy major trading partners. Global economic growth is in the early stages of recovery but we should remain cognisant of the precarious economic environment which is continuing to challenge government policy makers around the globe. Once again the Parliamentary Library has produced the annual Budget Review that examines the key features of a selection of crucial measures contained...
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...Financial Management Project: Tax Environment and Its Relation with Financial Management Submitted By: Hooria Majid Submitted To: Sir Khalid Mehmood ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank Allah Almighty for giving us the courage and devotion to complete this project. I am highly grateful to our advisor Mr. Khalid Mahmood whose supervision and guidance in relation to selection of material for perusal and formatting of the research paper helped us to do the work on time and in a professional manner. I extend my gratitude towards University of Lahore Islamabad Campus for giving me such kind of opportunities. Thank you Hooria Majid ABSTRACT Taxes affect citizens, economy of the country, businesses, governance mechanisms, etc. Not only revenue mobilization, an effective system of taxation helps in formalizing the economy, encourages economic growth, shapes political cohesion between tiers of the Government, and results in increase in social sector service delivery. We are now quite used to hearing the rhetoric by the government and bureaucracy on how Pakistan has one of the world’s lowest tax to GDP ratios since long...
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...Article Tile: Specific legal issues affecting the implementation of computer-based information systems in the developing countries: a critical review of literature A paper presented to the Journal of library and information science for consideration for publication. Date: November 2015 Author: Daniel Kinyanjui (Bsc-Information Science-Moi University-Eldoret, Kenya and Currently Studying Masters of Library and Information Science at Kenyatta University-Kenya) Daniel is also the editor of institutional in-house publications at Oshwal College-Nairobi and the College Head of Library Services. Abstract Implementation of computer-based information systems (CBIS) has become increasingly important due to the growing reliance on new technologies by organisations in their operations and service delivery. There has also been realisation by individuals and businesses of the inevitability of delivering value-added services without computerized systems. Despite this awareness and the apparent growing readiness to deploy computer-based systems, there still exists a myriad of perennial challenges inhibiting the implementation of these systems. Using insights from previous studies, the paper sums up the legal issues that have been acknowledged by various scholars as major obstacles to the implementation of CBIS in developing countries. Drawing from the understanding of these challenges, the author finally attempts to advance possible strategies that can be used to overcome these...
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...and provisions towards constitutional reform. Indeed, the two prime ministers; Tony Blair and Gordon Brown have done much for reform over the years, as illustrated by devolution and the human rights act. Indeed, they made provision for reform in 4 key areas, modernisation, and greater protection of rights, democratisation and decentralisation. However, it can be argued that their reform has been limited, and much more can be done for constitutional reform. Firstly, it is clear that the modernisation aspects of the reform have been severely limited. Indeed, this can be illustrated by the reform of the House of Lords. Over the past 10 years, only part 1 of the reform process has taken place. This has included the removal of over 600 hereditary peers to only 92. However, no reform for a partially or fully elected second chamber has taken place. Until this happens it is argued that the Lords is not democratically legitimate as all policy making institutions must have legitimacy. By merely appointing the members of the Lords means that whilst they may have expertise, they are not representing the public which means they are not socially accountable. Also, the Wright report, which includes provisions towards electing members of select committee chairs by secret ballot, and to end the Winterton rule on public bill committees is still stuck within the legislative process. Therefore, there is much that can be done towards constitutional reform. However, the modernisation process...
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...Drawing on some real life examples of tax avoidance by Multinational Corporations (MNCs), what are the advantages and disadvantages of global MNCs’ using loopholes to pay less corporate tax? Word Count: 2074 Student ID: 1308346 Introduction: Taxation is the main source of income for most of the developed countries in the world. Multinational corporations with subsidiaries in different countries use loopholes in the laws to reduce their tax liabilities. Needham (2013) has defined tax avoidance as “seeking to minimize a tax bill without deliberate deception but contrary to the spirit of the law”. Firms evade to Tax Havens or use various methods such as transfer pricing and corporate debt-‐equity to avoid the payment of taxes. Palan (2002) defines tax havens as “countries that have enacted tax legislation especially designed to attract...
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...contrast to earlier years. ROADMAP & PRIORITIES 'Transform India' to have a significant impact on economy and lives of people. Government to focus on – ensuring macro-economic stability and prudent fiscal management. boosting on domestic demand continuing with the pace of economic reforms and policy initiatives to change the lives of our people for the better. Focus on enhancing expenditure in priority areas of - farm and rural sector, social sector, infrastructure sector employment generation and recapitalisation of the banks. Focus on Vulnerable sections through: 1. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana 2. New health insurance scheme to protect against hospitalisation expenditure 3. facility of cooking gas connection for BPL families FISCAL DISCIPLINE Fiscal deficit in RE 2015-16 and BE 2016-17 retained at 3.9% and 3.5%. Revenue Deficit target from 2.8% to 2.5% in RE 2015-16 Total expenditure projected at Rs. 19.78 lakh crore Plan expenditure pegged at Rs. 5.50 lakh crore under Plan, increase of 15.3% Non-Plan expenditure kept at Rs. 14.28 lakh crores 2/29/2016 Downloaded from www.exampundit.in 1 Budget 16-17 Tax & Cess: Surcharge levied at 7.5% of undisclosed income will be called Krishi Kalyan surcharge to be used for agriculture and...
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...provisions towards constitutional reform. Indeed, the two prime ministers; Tony Blair and Gordon Brown have done much for reform over the years, as illustrated by devolution and the human rights act. Indeed, they made provision for reform in 4 key areas, modernisation, and greater protection of rights, democratisation and decentralisation. However, it can be argued that their reform has been limited, and much more can be done for constitutional reform. Firstly, it is clear that the modernisation aspects of the reform have been severely limited. Indeed, this can be illustrated by the reform of the House of Lords. Over the past 10 years, only part 1 of the reform process has taken place. This has included the removal of over 600 hereditary peers to only 92. However, no reform for a partially or fully elected second chamber has taken place. Until this happens it is argued that the Lords is not democratically legitimate as all policy making institutions must have legitimacy. By merely appointing the members of the Lords means that whilst they may have expertise, they are not socially accountable. These include the likes of Alan Sugar and Sebastian Coe. Also, the Wright report, which includes provisions towards electing members of select committee chairs by secret ballot, and to end the Winterton rule on public bill committees is still stuck within the legislative process. Therefore, there is much that can be done towards constitutional reform. However, the modernisation process...
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...Targets, Budget Deficit, Revised ADP, Recent Economic Scenario, Economic Strategies Chapter IV: FY2011-12 Budget Structure Assumptions: Global Economy, Monetary and Fiscal Space, Sustained Growth in Agriculture, Private Sector Investment, Revenue Mobilisation, Inflation Structure: Estimates of Revenue Income, Estimates of Expenditure, Budget Deficit and Financing, Annual Development Programme, Overall Expenditure Structure Chapter V: Reform Programmes Public Financial Management: Medium Term Budget Framework, Multi-module Database (iBAS), Reforms in Expenditure Management, ADP Implementation, New Budget Classification Structure and District Budget, Information Technology in the Public Financial Management, Strengthening Audit Ensuring Private Participation in the Infrastructure Sector: Public-Private Partnership, Institutional Framework, Progress of PPP Projects and Future Plans 8-11 12-14 14-15 16-18 18-19 Financial Sector: Sovereign Credit Rating, Modernisation of Bangladesh Bank, Reforms in Financial Sector, Anti-Money Laundering, Reforms in Insurance Sector Capital Market: Capital Market Restructuring, Surveillance and Clearing & Settlement System, Financial Reporting Act and...
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...be 4.5% in mid-2013. - Half a million jobs to be created by mid 2013. - Cash surplus of $3.5b by 2012-13. - $362.1b govt expenditure, Govt expects to raise $342.4b in revenue next financial year. - $22.6b cut in savings over 4 years. Largely due to natural disasters. Worse than expected. FAMILIES - Freeze indexation of family tax benefits, baby bonus, paid parental leave for four years for families on $150,000 or more. Total of $1.2b saved over four years. - Tax rates cut by 20c per dollar for 50,000 single parents. - $4.3b for hospitals, health care, universities and roads. - $750 a month flood levy. - Family tax benefits for lower-income families - $850m solar panel rebates. - Prevention of parents putting dividends/trust funds under children’s name to dodge tax – saving of $740m over 3 years. - $575m in savings taken from discounts for uni students who pay fees up front. SKILLS & TRAINING - $3b training package to expand skilled workforce + ease skills shortage. - $558m National Workforce Development Fund. - $200 invested in apprenticeship system. - Tax break of $3900 and training to get single mothers back into workforce. - 130,000 new trainee places over four years for apprentices. - $101m national mentoring program to help apprentices finish training. HEALTH - $3.4b for emergency departments, elective surgery, and sub-acute hospital beds. - $53m funding for voluntary dental internships...
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...Introduction: a. Origin of the Report: Every Business student, as a part of his/her study has to complete some assignments and solve some problems which are very much related to the practical business and economical world. This is a complete study of how the investors are doing business in Bangladesh over years and what will be the course of actions in order to achieve the proper “Investment climate in Bangladesh”. The report is prepared in order to get the knowledge and fulfill the basic requirement to complete the course titled as “Economic Conditions Analysis”. b. Background of the study: Economics is a sea of theories. These theories are the stairway to lift us to a stage from where we can get the entire idea of its different sectors. “Economic Conditions Analysis” is basically theory related course in addition to a mixing of practical incidents to compare theories and its applications. Obtaining theoretical knowledge is only a halfway to reach the target because implementation of theories is the ultimate goal of it. Being a very practical course “Economic Conditions Analysis” requires a large extent of implementation of its theories and procedures in the real life. To meet up this requirement I have prepared the report titled “Investment climate in Bangladesh”. c. Objectives: 1. Broad Objective: The broad objective is to examine investment climate in Bangladesh over years and what should be done for better performance in...
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...unemployment rates in the EU. The ruling government were in a position of a growing government surplus and a low inflation rate. (Burnham 2003) Record growth was recorded during the 90’s, and with a 10% average rate for the years 1997-2000. (Enterprise Ireland 2006) This has catapulted Ireland from being one of the poorest economies in the EU, to one of the wealthiest. GDP per capita for the year 2005, was equivalent to €38,000. This was only second to Luxembourg in the EU. This is in contrast to the mid 1980’s when Ireland’s unemployment rate was 17%, the government’s finances were chaotic and many Irish citizens saw emigration as the norm. A transformation of the economy, which included changes in fiscal policy and policies in relation to tax, education and telecommunications were put into position in order to kick-start the economy. (Burnham 2003) These and many other factors contributed to the past two decades of economic prosperity. These factors must be closely examined to determine if the economic boom of the past...
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... E-Commerce in Bangladesh: Status, Potential and Constraints ACRONYMS ASM B2B B2C B2G BB BGMEA BTRC BTTB CS DDN DFID DI DSL e-commerce EDF EFT e-mail e-market FDI GOB GSP IDA IOC IPO IPR IRIS ISO ISP IT ITU JOBS L/C LCA LMDS MMDS MOPT NIP OECD OSP Asian Sources Media Group Business-to-Business Business-to-Consumers Business-to-Government Bangladesh Bank Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association Bangladesh Telecommunications Regulatory Commission Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board Contract System Digital Data Network Department For International Development Data International Digital Subscribers Line Electronic Commerce Export Development Fund Electronic Fund Transfer Electronic mail Electronic Market Foreign Direct Investment Government of Bangladesh Generalized System of Preferences International Development Association International Oil Companies Import Policy Order Intellectual Property Rights Center for Institutional Reform and the Informal Sector at the University of Maryland International Standards Organization Internet Service Provider Information Technology International Telecommunications Union Job Opportunities and Business Support Letter of Credit Letter of Credit Authorization Local Multi-channel Distribution System Multi-channel, Multi-point Distribution System Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications New Industrial Policy...
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...ways to ensure these service deliveries. The digital (or e-) revolution holds the potential to increase the quality of citizen services and increase accountability, transparency and efficiency. Bangladesh in recent times, takes various initiatives to benefit from ICT. However, the effectiveness of this initiatives and its’ impact on present service delivery scenario and citizens experience – the end user of such initiatives are yet to explored in Bangladesh. In this we paper, we will try to evaluate the progress from these initiatives and explore these unexplored questions. Literature Review E-Governance E-governance is the most attractive, interesting and growing phenomenon and has become one of the central parts of administrative reform and good governance (Moon, 2002). According to the E-Government Act of 2002, it is the use by the government of Web-based Internet applications and other information technologies, combined with processes that implement these technologies, in order to enhance the access to and delivery of government information and services to the public, other agencies, and other government entities; or to bring about improvements in government to operations that may include effectiveness, efficiency, service quality, or transformation vii. In a broader perspective, e-governance is the application of ICTs for enhancing the performance of government functions and services through the utilization of digital technologies. Thus, it is a long term evolutionary...
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