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Dilemmas of Pride and Pain

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Dilemmas of Pride and Pain:
Sectarian Conflict and Conflict Transformation in Pakistan
“Sectarian conflict is typically regarded as a clash between two exclusive models of a sacred cosmos, which do not allow space to each other”.
The problem of sectarianism emerged just after the partition when the concept of majoritarianism was imposed in the Pakistani state to marginalize the religious and sectarian minorities. Although the constitution of Pakistan declares that all citizens have equal status and outlaws religious discrimination, the state favored Sunnis. As Saudi Arabia and Iran are traditional rivals of each other on sectarian basis, they fought their actual battle in Pakistan. The issue is not new to us, the root cause of the problem is the Sunni interpretation of Islamic laws, and Sunni oriented educational curricula, emergence of separate areas of residence and a public discourse that Shias are not true Muslims. Several extremist groups were made on basis of these concepts and they started to function the conflict through excessive use of power. The conflict exists between the Muslims but the difference is that it is very violent now which led the displacement of people, breakdown of local support system and brutalization of social attitudes. The state has failed to play an active role in peace building, stopping violence, providing relief and bringing criminals to justice. The relations between Shias and Sunnis are worse than ever and the underlying conflict has not been resolved. Conflict brings to the surface ideological forces with great mobilizing potential. We can say that it is wider phenomenon of movement between tectonic plates.
Zia ul Haq’s era gave rise to this curse of sectarianism when he tried to legitimize his rule by Islamizing laws, institutions, economics, politics, morals and manners, as well as education which led to Sunnification of

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