...In 326 BCE, Chandragupta Maurya was just a teenager when Alexander the Great of Macedonia invaded India. Facing stiff resistance all through what is now Pakistan, and hampered by the high Hindu-Kush Mountains, Alexander’s army lost its will to conquer India at the Battle of Jhelum (or Hydaspes River). Although the Macedonians made it through the Khyber Pass and defeated Raja Puru (King Poros) near modern-day Bhera, Pakistan, the fighting was almost too much for Alexander’s troops. Worst of all, Raja Puru’s army included 30 war elephants, who spooked the Macedonian cavalry’s horses (and probably the men, as well). When the victorious Macedonians heard that their next target - the Nanda Empire - could muster 6,000 war elephants, the soldiers revolted. Alexander the Great would not conquer the far side of the Ganges. Although the world’s greatest tactician could not convince his troops to take on the Nanda Empire, five years after Alexander turned away, a 20-year-old Chandragupta Maurya would accomplish that feat, and go on to unite almost all of what is nowIndia. The young Indian emperor would also take on Alexander’s successors - and win. Chandragupta Maurya’s Birth and Ancestry: Chandragupta Maurya was born sometime around 340 BCE, reportedly in Patna, now in the Bihar state of India. Given the vast span of time since his birth, it is unsurprising that scholars are uncertain of many details. For example, some texts claim that both of Chandragupta’s parents were of the......
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...One of the greatest rulers of India's history is Ashoka (Asoka). Ruling for thirty-eight years (274 B.C.-232 B.C.), he was generally mentioned in his inscriptions as Devanampiya Piyadasi ("Beloved of the gods"). As the third emperor of the Mauryan dynasty, he was born in the year 304 B.C. His greatest achievements were spreading Buddhism throughout his empire and beyond. He set up an ideal government for his people and conquered many lands, expanding his kingdom. The knowledge of Ashoka's early reign is limited because little information was found. His edicts and inscriptions allowed us to understand his reign and empire, and have an insight into the events that took place during this remarkable period of history. Eight years after he took his throne, Ashoka's powerful armies attacked and conquered Kalinga (present day Orissa). Although he had conquered many other places, this violent war was the last war he ever fought and a turning point of his career. He was disgusted by the extreme deaths of numerous civilians, especially the Brahmans. All these misfortunes brought Ashoka to turn into a religious ruler compared to a military ruler. As he turned to Buddhism, he emphasized dharma (law of piety) and ahimsa (nonviolence). He realized he could not spread Buddhism all by himself and therefore appointed officers to help promote the teachings. These officers were called Dhamma Mahamattas or "Officers of Righteousness"" They were in charge ...
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...Ashoka Written by: Amulya Chandra Sen Last Updated 1-1-2014 Ashoka Emperor of India Also known as Aśoka died 238 BC? Ashoka, also spelled Aśoka (died 238? bce, India), last major emperor in the Mauryan dynasty of India. His vigorous patronage of Buddhism during his reign (c. 265–238 bce; also given as c. 273–232 bce) furthered the expansion of that religion throughout India. Following his successful but bloody conquest of the Kalinga country on the east coast, Ashoka renounced armed conquest and adopted a policy that he called “conquest by dharma” (i.e., by principles of right life). In order to gain wide publicity for his teachings and his work, Ashoka made them known by means of oral announcements and by engravings on rocks and pillars at suitable sites. These inscriptions—the rock edicts and pillar edicts (e.g., the lion capital of the pillar found at Sarnath, which has become India’s national emblem), mostly dated in various years of his reign—contain statements regarding his thoughts and actions and provide information on his life and acts. His utterances rang of frankness and sincerity. According to his own accounts, Ashoka conquered the Kalinga country (modern Orissa state) in the eighth year of his reign. The sufferings that the war inflicted on the defeated people moved him to such remorse that he renounced armed conquests. It was at this time that he came in touch with Buddhism and adopted it. Under its influence and prompted by his own dynamic temperament,......
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...Ashoka The Well Appreciated Buddhist and King Ashoka was one of the greatest rulers of ancient India. He was the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya of Magadha who established the first Indian empire. Chandragupta wore the crown for twenty-four years before surrendering his throne in favor of his son, Bundusara (Ashoka’s father), who left no noticeable mark upon the empire. Ashoka was born in 304 B.C. and was known in his younger teen years as Canda Ashoka (the fierce Ashoka) because of his very aggressive nature. Ashoka came to the throne in 270 B.C. after a power struggle that ended in the death of one of his brothers. He was at first disposed to follow the example of his father and grandfather and complete the conquest of the Indian peninsula. In about 256 B.C. Ashoka attacked Kalinga, a country on the east coast of Madras, in order to expand his empire, which he ruled as a tyrant at the time. The plan he pursued about Kalinga was forceful and all standing in his way of the throne were killed. Ashoka succeeded in conquering Kalinga in the fatal war in which 100,000 men were killed, 150,000 injured, and thousands were captured and retained as slaves. The sight of the massacre involved in his conquest deeply distressed Ashoka and deeply affected his mind. Overwhelmed by the carnage, he changed his way of life. Brahmanism was the practiced religion of Ashoka, as he abstained from war forever and sought peace in Buddha’s preaching of love and ahimsa...
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...Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.E.) was a Macedonian king that went on to conquer Persia, Syria, Mesopotamia, Egypt, and many more. His kingdom ranged from the Mediterranean to the border of India. He died at the age of 32 and is remembered as one of history’s most brilliant military leader and most powerful ruler. People argue that Alexander the Great was a villain whereas other people argued that he was hero. Alexander the Great was more of a villain than he was of a hero. He was a destructive ruler that wanted to unite all of mankind under one type of government. Even though he was a brilliant military leader that was able to conquer many different places and expand his empire throughout the world, he killed a lot of people to get expand his empire and also killed a lot of people to gain the power and position that he was in. Even though he was a man that was able to expand his empire and had smart tactics, many of his ways included the death of innocent people. Alexander the great was a destructive person that killed people to get the power he had and to get to his position. Even though document 3 explains how he was a great military commander, his ways were very gruesome and vicious. In Document 2, it states how Alexander was destructive and how he used purges to get his way. A purge is the removal of a person or group from a place or organization. Two examples of how Alexander the Great used purges during his reign was the murder of Attalus and the dispatching of......
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...March Great Personalities Chanakya - 1 An average looking guy was walking on the streets of the Pataliputra (today’s Patna city in India) for routine work. In his hurried walk, he stumbled on a stump of a noxious grass and injured his foot. Grass was deeply rooted in the earth and it was not easy to uproot it out. Little upset he sat down right there in the burning sun. He poured a sugar-syrup on the grass and stood by as if he was waiting for something!! A passing by kid, named Chandragupta, was watching him curiously, but carefully. All of a sudden, from nowhere, several ants and other insects came and attracted towards sugar-syrup. They destroyed the grass completely. Chandragupta curiously asked him, “It was just a grass. Why did you do it?” Brahmin replied back, “It was poisonous (evil) and fatal. And all evil things should be destroyed completely eventhough they are small. This is everybody’s duty. I would remove even a king if the king adopted adharma.” This average looking guy was not merely a common guy, but a very smart, clever and learned brahmin. His name was Vishnugupta. Vishnugupta lived in the capital city Pataliputra of an empire Magadha during the period 350-275 BC. His father, Chanak, was a learned brahmin. Being a teacher himself, Chanak knew the importance of education. He started teaching his son Vishnugupta in his early age. He himself was learned, noble and self-esteemed brahmin. He would not tolerate any injustice or adharmik deeds. Naturally,......
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...wqddasdawdawdadDescribe the conquests of Alexander the Great and analyze the legacy of his empire. (Refer to chapter 7 of your textbook and additional references) Be sure to mention his impact on Persia, India, and Egypt as well as the cultural implications of his conquests. vDescribe the conquests of Alexander the Great and analyze the legacy of his empire. (Refer to chapter 7 of your textbook and additional references) Be sure to mention his impact on Persia, India, and Egypt as well as the cultural implications of his conquests. vvvvvDescribe the conquests of Alexander the Great and analyze the legacy of his empire. (Refer to chapter 7 of your textbook and additional references) Be sure to mention his impact on Persia, India, and Egypt as well as the cultural implications of his conquests. Describe the conquests of Alexander the Great and analyze the legacy of his empire. (Refer to chapter 7 of your textbook and additional references) Be sure to mention his impact on Persia, India, and Egypt as well as the cultural implications of his conquests. Describe the conquests of Alexander the Great and analyze the legacy of his empire. (Refer to chapter 7 of your textbook and additional references) Be sure to mention his impact on Persia, India, and Egypt as well as the cultural implications of his conquests. Describe the conquests of Alexander the Great and analyze the legacy of his empire. (Refer to chapter 7 of your textbook and additional references) Be......
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...Assignment 2 1. The fall of the Indus Valley Civilization is still unclear. Though, we can give an educated guess as to how the civilization fell. They did not have the proper drainage systems, which led to their crops drying out leaving them with very little food. Naturally, this caused many people to flee the city. Later, flooding also pushed out many people. This left very few people in the city who were unable to defend themselves against potential raiders. Once these few people were pushed out of the city it was powerless and left for the history books. 2. The Aryans were a race that was part of the Vedic period. They aren’t very well known, however; through hymns, poems, and the Vedas we can learn a little bit about them. We know that they were known for war and different weapons they used to win in battle. We also know that by 1000 B.C.E they had taken over most of India north of the Vindhya Range. Though it is not for sure we can guess that they were responsible for introducing the caste system to India. 3. Throughout the history of the world one of the greater kings was Ashoka. One of his greatest strengths was that he was able to bring together both the north and the south to create one great empire. A major goal of Ashoka’s was to create a less violent empire. He did this by bringing Buddhism into the empire. Though, he didn’t entirely lean towards non-violence. He still kept laws and his army. He was able to prevent violence while still enforce...
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...Alexander was born to Philip II of Macedonia and Olympias, in 356 B.C. Phillip II was the king of Macedonia until he was assassinated in 330 BC. Phillip knew that one day Alexander would succeed him so he did much to prepare him for a military and political future. Alexander became king in 336 b.c. when Phillip was assassinated. More importantly, Alexander did many things in his life to deserve the great status. Firstly, Alexander is recognized for his period of conquest and his ability to fight and rule over larger armies than his own. Secondly, Alexander’s legacy and what he left behind for his son and half brother to continue his work. Thirdly, the legend of Alexander from sources such as the bible and both modern and ancient cultures define Alexander’s ability and rank of great. Lastly, one of the main reasons for Alexander’s recognition of greatness is because of his conquest in battle. However, Alexander made decisions with his impulses and immediate reaction, and in the sheer bravery and courage observed in Alexander, it is evident that Alexander the Great set trends among his people. It is also evident in the innovations he contributed to military strategies, and in the spread of his trends to all the lands that he conquered. Alexander was not a product of the society that he lived in, but a trendsetter. Alexander was an impulsive man of immediate action, and it reflected on the decisions he made. Clearly then, Alexander was the one who led society,......
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...Death Makes People Equal Shakespeare uses the skull as a symbol to explore the idea that everyone is equal when they die. Even people who are special are like normal people in the end. Hamlet asks Horatio, if he thinks Alexander the Great “looked like this in the earth” (Shakespeare 272). He asks this because Alexander the Great died and “returned to dust” (272). It shows that all humans are equal in the end since Hamlet says that Alexander the Great changed to dust and that this “dust is earth” (272). Ephemeral things like power, fame, and money become worthless after dying since Alexander the Great “looked like” (272) Yorick when he died, which means that successful or unsuccessful, humans are the same in the end. While living, accomplishments are meaningful but when time passes, we return to dust and the fulfillments of the physical world become valueless. In addition, women “paint” their faces “an inch thick” in order to make themselves beautiful (271). Make-up for women can cover up their physical appearance for them while they are living but when they return to nature through death, nature takes control of them and makes them the way they are supposed to be; just their bones are left and they become “just the same” like everyone else (271). In conclusion, Hamlet explores the idea that death is the true equalizer because once we die everyone returns to dust and becomes a part of nature negating the physical aspects of human...
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...The true Success of Alexander the Great When historians are asked to consider the most incredible military strategist of all time the answer will typically be Alexander the Great, not only for his immeasurable military strategy skills, which were impressive during his life time, but for his overwhelming achievements that had managed to impact history thousands of years later. Alexander the Great was so successful because from the beginning of his life all the way up until his final moments he lived solely to prove himself as the almighty conqueror of Asia. From a young age alexander became aware of many elements of the world through his education. When he got his start as a ruler many fortunate events occurred and encouraged his progression. The real genius of Alexander the Great was through his infamous military formation known simply as the phalanx. It was this impenetrable formation and Alexander’s own deceivingly simple ideologies that secured his successes. Early on in Alexander’s life many knew his ultimate goal was to conqueror all of Asia, and it became clear once his undefeated record started growing that he truly had the capacity to tackle such an aspiration. When Alexander was approximately thirteen years of age he became a student of the widely renowned philosopher, Aristotle. Alexander’s father, Phillip II, went out of his way to acquire the famous philosopher for his son’s education. Not only was Alexander becoming increasingly aware of the sciences and......
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...The Great Mosque in Kairouan and the Great Stupa at Sanchi are both very important religious buildings, and are regarded as sacred spaces. They both differentiate in design, size, rituals, and purpose. The Great Mosque in Kairouan was built under the orders of the founder of Kairouan, Sidi Okba, which is why it also referred to as the Sidi Okba Mosque. The mosque features a courtyard, a cemetery, monk quarters, and various other rooms, span to the size of 443ft long and 262ft wide. The Great Mosque in Kairouan is known as the oldest Muslim place of prayer in North Africa, and is regarded as the fourth holiest site in Islam (after Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem.) The decorations of the Great Mosque were attractive and practical. 9 doors were carved in detailed inlaid marquetry, and the 414 columns had ancient capitals and beautiful shafts. Not one of the 414 columns in the mosque is similar to any other elsewhere in the mosque. It also featured a system are gathering rainwater. The Great Stupa at Sanchi was started under the rule of Emperor Ashoka in the third century BCE, and additions were being made to it until the fifth century CE. It was paid for my mercantile funds, and inscriptions within the stupa give credit to those who gave money. The stupa, however, features just the one large hemisphere dome, and has a circumference of 120ft, rising to 53ft. The Stupa at Sanchi was built after Emperor Ashoka converted to Buddhism. It was continued because of the religious fervor......
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...Ancient Emperors: Ashoka Brittany Raymond Professor Michael Briere Strayer University HUM 111 Monday, December 15, 2014 Ancient Emperors: Ashoka http://static.newworldencyclopedia.org/7/7d/Ashoka2.jpg0 Ancient Emperors: Ashoka As I, Emperor Ashoka Maurya, lay here holding on to the last bit of my life I want to leave a part of me to share with the world of my life. I was born in 304 BC to my father the Mauryan Empire, Bindusara. When I was born my grandfather, Chandragupta, was ruler of the empire. My father later inherited leadership from him and ruled for the next 25 years. I was 18 years old in the year 286 B.C. when my father appointed me as his Viceroy of the province of Avanti. My father had chosen me because it was said I had shown my abilities and individuality well. I soon after married Vidisa Mahadevi Sakya Kumari in Ujjayini. Mahadevi was from the famous Sakya clan to which Buddha belonged. At age 20 I celebrated the birth of a son whom I gave the name Mahendra. Next my daughter, Sanghamitra, was born just two years later. This was the small start to what one day would be my large family. Early into my military career I became a strong leader. I was respected and spoke highly about. This did not sit easy with my eldest half-brother, Prince Susima. He then began to plan his demise to keep me from being the choice to take over my father’s place as ruler. I was sent by my father into Takshashila province......
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.... of an extent, amount, or intensity considerably above average. "the article was of great interest" synonyms: considerable, substantial, pronounced, sizeable, significant, appreciable, serious, exceptional, inordinate, extraordinary, special More "academics waited with great interest for the book" large, big, extensive, expansive, broad, wide, sizeable, ample, spacious; vast, immense, huge, enormous, gigantic, massive, colossal, mammoth, monstrous, prodigious, tremendous, stupendous, unlimited, boundless, cosmic; informalhumongous, whopping, whopping great, thumping, thumping great, dirty great; informalwhacking, whacking great, ginormous "a great expanse of water" antonyms: little, small used to reinforce another adjective of size or extent. "a great big grin" synonyms: very, extremely, exceedingly, exceptionally, especially, tremendously, immensely, extraordinarily, remarkably, really, truly; informaldirty "a great big house" used in names of animals or plants which are larger than similar kinds, e.g. great tit, greater celandine. denoting the larger or largest part of a place. adjective: Great "Great Malvern" (of a city) including adjacent urban areas. comparative adjective: Greater "Greater Manchester" 2. of ability, quality, or eminence considerably above average. "the great Italian conductor" synonyms: prominent, eminent, pre-eminent, important, distinguished, august, illustrious, noble;......
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...Attack! The warrior king said as they went into battle. Alexander the great has the story of a true hero. If you take a look behind the story of the man you will come upon the story of a model philosopher king. Alexander’s story starts as a young boy. Growing up under the wing of the historic philosopher Aristotle, who in turn came from a line of the most elite philosophers in history, and as the observant son of the great king Philip of Macedonia, Alexander had the makings of a great philosopher and king. Alexander had a competitive nature, which played a big role in his claim to greatness. As a young adult he claimed many victories, including taming the wild thoughtless untamable horse, which he named Bucephalus, and being a prized combat specialist. It came as no shock after his father’s assassination that he would avenge him, and in turn take the path of becoming one of the greatest kings in history. This leads to the next part of his story which his name the great was derived. As an attempt to avenge his father, Alexander sought after his murderer, who was believed to be king of the vast Persian Empire, Darius. This chase lead him to a conquest of which inspired the philosopher and warrior in him to conquer and explore the unknown lands and civilizations that were under Persian rule. As a philosopher he enjoyed trying new things, and was not partial in taking part in other cultures as he became......
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