...of foreign aid to Africa African continent has struggled with chronic poverty and under-development. Hundreds of billions of dollars have been given to African governments. More billions were lent to these same governments. Countless tons of food have inundated the continent, and swarms of consultants, experts, and administrator have descended to solve Africa’s problems. However the state of development in Africa is no better today than it was when all this started. Per capita income, for most of Africa, is either stagnant or declining. For this debate analysis I will address the different types of aids foreign nations give to African countries. I will also discuss the debate of the advantages and disadvantages of the provision of foreign aid to Africa. In the end I will provide a conclusion on what I think should be done. Over the past 6o years at least $1 trillion of development-related aid has been transferred from rich countries to Africa. Yet real per capita income today is lower than it was in the 1970s, and more than 50% of the population over 350 million people live on less than a dollar a day, a figure that has nearly doubled in two decades. Food aid is the source of the international aid system, although it represents only a small proportion of total aid. With the help of international emergency response, famines and other natural and human-made disasters no longer kill in the numbers they used to prior to the 1980s. Development aid is...
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...Discuss the Advantage and Disadvantage of Giving International Aid to Poor Countries Name: Institution: Discuss the Advantage and Disadvantage of Giving International Aid to Poor Countries Granting international aids to underprivileged states is the noblest international practice in contemporary globalized society. According to Chenery and Strout (2006), the core motive for international aid emanated from the human being moral obligation of supporting and facilitating each other depending on one strengths and abilities. By considering its inimitable nature, international aid has its own unique disadvantage and advantage. Being the most useful tool for development is a decisive advantage that characterizes international aids to poor countries. A respectable number of modern poor countries depend on international support in sustaining their economic development (Ehrenfield, 2004). International aid is also a fundamental aspect of strengthening and intensifying international integration and relationship. Through mutual coordination and interaction, international aid creates a platform where the recipient and the donor reciprocally benefit from each other irrespective of their economic powers. International aid mutual coordination also helps in promoting accountability in the use of the distributed resources. Financial assistance to poor countries is also valuable in providing essential basic needs such...
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...Foreign Aid In the current situation from 2009-present, international assistance has been expanding its scope but it still has many problems such as corruption, inefficiency in progress or poor management and delay in helping. Last few decade problems with foreign aid are caused not only by incompetence or corruption but also related to itself complex machinery which has been trying to developed aid to transmit from donor to recipient. In addition, there are still poor and waste in aid because the corruption by the recipient government because to aid cannot go to help poor people who really need and want it most (Lappe,Collin,Rosset 1981 9). This essay will examine both of corruption and inefficiencies of assistance and give some suggestion such as they should be a committee of country’s revenue and expenditure, or aid system should be provides transparent and can be verified easily(Demon McNeil 1981 36) followed by evaluation for the best solution to solve a problems As we already knew that, now aids has come from many ways such as food aids, military assistances but the most important aid that is often a serious problem is a financial assistance. Financial aids are usually corrupted by national governments, who have been helped by the donor countries the corruptions always start at the beginning of the aid processes. In addition corruptions are likely to arise in situation where resources are transferred with substantial discretion without accountabilities to the decision...
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...revolving around the world. A business can produce jobs that gave every nation and culture around the world an advantage to continue to build and grow its country. The advantage of a profit organization ensures the needs of that particular function. It aids the company from a monetary standpoint to help low income families that are in need. A disadvantage of this company can affects someone that is their only for self gain and money fraud. A non-profit organization is an organization that is created through charity sources. Someone at any given time is able to sponsor this organization making monetary gifts that can help the needs of anyone around the world. This organization can aid the economy when there is not enough money to carry the needs of the less fortune. The disadvantage of this organization can affect major companies around the world. It just takes one person in that committee to make the wrong decision to create a slander for others that are in this in order to help the people in the United States of America. This organization is not just for America, it can help every foreign country that is in a major crisis. The impacts of a monetary policy allow the standard of that company regardless of origin, belief or creed! It aids the country with the authority of those monetary judgments. It also controls the supply of money often targeting a rate of interest for the purpose of gaining economic grow...
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...compare the advantages and disadvantages of using exports, joint ventures, and foreign subsidiaries as ways of expanding international sales? As CEO of Harley-Davidson the way that I would compare the advantages and disadvantages of exporting would be; Exporting Gives us instant market access into a new market making us able to maximize revenue in a short amount of time. A disadvantage of exporting is the tariffs that foreign government pose on imports which drive the cost up. And in some instances being viewed as an outsider is a disadvantage. Joint Ventures offers another opportunity and also has advantages and disadvantages. Joint Ventures allows for much faster and less costly access to foreign markets. They provide there international partner with knowledge of the local market place. Another advantage is the resident partner has existing relationships with local suppliers ,customers, and knowledge of local customs and languages. It combines the resources of two companies and allows the international partner to still be seen as an insider. And decreases the start up cost to the international partner A disadvantage of a Joint Venture is that due to the cultural differences management conflicts may arise due to different cultures having different management styles. And Another disadvantage is due to profits being shared the resident partner can become a competitor. Foreign Subsidiaries is a local operation completely owned by a foreign firm . An advantage of the subsidiary...
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...Country Paper Aid Flow to Bangladesh and the Question of Accountability of CSOs at National Level to the People They Serve By Shadnaz Khan* Bangladesh, like other poor and less developed countries, has been a regular receiver of foreign aid or external assistance in order to lessen the gap between savings and investment and to mitigate the balance of payment deficit. However, there has been serious debate over the issues such as low performance in aid-utilization, donors’ stringent and one-size-fits-all conditionalities and global aid politics that are believed to undermine the potential benefits that aid could have brought to the development scenario of the country. The apprehension over aid issues is felt in different countries around the world and also among the donors themselves. As a result, the idea of aid effectiveness has received increasing attention and importance in international discussions that generates hope that the international structure of aid would create sustainable development outcome for the poor countries. This paper is divided into two parts. In the first part, a general description of aid flows to Bangladesh has been presented and in the second part, an attempt has been made to assess the donor support models for CSOs in managing aid at country level and the scope for ensuring their accountability to their primary constituents, i.e., the people they serve in Bangladesh. A General Scenario of Aid flow to Bangladesh From 1972 to 30 June 2006...
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...South Korea is one of the best cases of foreign aid, which was assisted by the other countries’ foreign aid like the U.S. Owing to foreign aid; South Korea has been able to become a developed country. Recently, South Korea wants to help undeveloped countries which such as Vietnam, Philippine and Myanmar. So, there is constant controversy concerning the foreign aid. Some of critic claims that South Korea gives little foreign aid to other countries. However, they say that South Korea wants to make profit use of foreign aid. Even though many experts support disadvantages of foreign aid, it also has many good ways to help undeveloped countries because it purpose is not profits but relief. Foreign aid can help support to poor countries’ economic system, education system, and medical services and provide food. According to Shah (2004), “Foreign aid, which can be defined as the transfer of money, goods, and services from one country to another, is an important part of the foreign policy” (para.1). The first foreign aid began in the immerse war. In “A Brief History of U. S. Foreign Aid” the author writes that “Foreign aid began in World War II and evolved through reconstruction after that war, through the Cold War, after September 11, and to the present day” (para. 1). Foreign aid has been around since just after the end of the Second World War. Today foreign aid can be given in a number of areas, including developmental, humanitarian, military, disaster relief, and security. Also,...
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...its operations. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? The strategies PrimeCo considered to enter the international market are the following along with the corresponding advantages and disadvantages of each strategy. a. Exporting – defined as the marketing of goods produced in one country to another. It is considered to be the easiest way of entering foreign markets. Exporting can be either indirect or direct. In general, the advantages of exporting are: i) manufacturing is home based, hence it is less risky that overseas based, ii) gives an opportunity to “learn” overseas markets before investing in bricks and mortar, and iii) reduces potential risks of operating overseas (FAO, 1997). Some of the disadvantages are: i) limited profit potential, ii) company gains no market information, or experience in new markets, iii) plants may not be located in low cost locations, iv) high transport costs, v) tariffs tend to be highest on finished goods, and vi) loss of control as markets are distant form production (http://uwf.edu/rsjoland/12%20Market%20Entry%20Strategies%20as%20Used%2004%201.pdf). b. Licensing – method of foreign operation whereby a firm in one country agrees to permit a company in another country to use the manufacturing, processing, trademark, know-how or some other skill provided by the licensor. The following are the advantages and disadvantages of this strategy. Advantages | Disadvantages | 1. Provides opportunity to low risk manufacturing...
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...James Sturgill April 14,2014 Research Paper: Foreign Assistance The government needs to solve the problem of wasteful spending in regards to its use of foreign aid. While it has been a practice for the U.S. to provide foreign aid to other countries for national security purposes, wasteful spending in a time when the U.S. already runs a large deficit needs to stop. I recommend the cutting of foreign aid to foreign nations and in turn setting up an economic investment fund aimed to help countries economies specifically; this is the proper policy because humanitarian groups will always help the impoverished and spending money on foreign aid to help corrupt leaders needs to stop. Foreign aid is a controversial subject because many people have different opinions on how foreign aid should be used and if it is actually beneficial to countries. The American public for instance does not realize that only 1.1% of the U.S. Federal Budget goes towards foreign aid, rather the public believes a quarter of the U.S. budget is spent on foreign aid (Bristol, 2011, p.532). Foreign aid is also controversial because it is hard to measure the success of the aid, since most foreign aid goes to countries that have instability within their government. Foreign aid is important because the U.S. strives to be humanitarian when dealing with impoverished countries. This humanitarian effort, while seemingly good is still controversial because in 2010 humanitarian groups spent more money in their...
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...was sometimes followed by high tensions, which would have emanated into a war but did not (Gottfried & Reim, 2003). The following essay will look at what the U.S. did during that time, as well as summarize the situation that required U.S. diplomatic efforts during the president’s time in office. In addition, the essay will describe the effect of these diplomatic efforts for the U.S. and other countries as well as assess, in conclusion, the advantages and disadvantages of the particular doctrine that was followed. What the President Did During That Time During the cold war, the president was Ronald Reagan. He, together with members of his administration, came up with a strategy designed to oppose the influence that the Soviet Union had in the world. It came to be referred to as the Reagan Doctrine. This also came to be the showpiece of the United States foreign policy in the early 80s until the Cold war ended in 1991 (Gaddis, 2011). Under this Doctrine, the U.S. government provided what is widely known as “overt and covert aid” to resistant movements as well as anti-communist guerillas in an effort to ensure that the support the Soviet Union received from Latin America, Asia, and Africa was reduced. This...
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... “The Reagan Doctrine proclaims overt and unashamed American support for anti-Communist revolution. It is intended to establish a new, firmer--a doctrinal--foundation for such support by declaring equally worthy all armed resistance to communism, whether foreign or indigenously imposed.” (Krauthammer, 1985). A situation that required the United States diplomatic efforts during President Reagan’s time in office was the rapidly growing expansion of the Soviet Union in East Asia, Indies and the Middle East. Another situation was the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan which had begun in 1979. Previously, the Carter administration had little hesitation in coming to the aid of Afghanistan after the invasion. At the time, the United States had the understanding that the Soviet Union would eventually become Middle East and would be able to gain control of the oil fields. Two events increased U.S.-Soviet tensions: the suppression of the Solidarity labor movement in Poland in December 1981, and the destruction of an off-course civilian airliner by a Soviet jet fighter in 1983. The United States also condemned the continuing Soviet occupation of Afghanistan and provided aid to the mujahidin resistance there. The Reagan Doctrine pledged aid to insurgents battling against the pro-Soviets as Reagan administration assumed that the resistance might drive the Soviets out of Afghanistan, but the insurgents defeating the Soviets were...
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...1.0 Introduction Lately, there are a lot of immigrants or foreign labour force residing in many countries either legally or illegally. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) states that there are more than 200 million of migrants globally. The number of immigrants especially in developing countries and developed countries increase very rapidly. According to the United Nations, majority of the migrants are come from Asia. Malaysia has hosted more than one million of foreign immigrants, mostly from Indonesia, Bangladesh, Thailand, Myanmar and Philippines while Japan is home for immigrants from Vietnam, China and Myanmar. On the other hand, South Africa has many refugees and asylum seekers residing in it. The existence of immigrants would have played a vital role in the economy. They have contributed quite a large portion to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). We are now going to analyze on the economic condition of Japan which is a developed country, Malaysia as a developing country, and South Africa as an undeveloped country. Analysis on immigrants’ contribution on the economic condition will be done. 2.0 Japan 2.1 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 2000 to 2008 Please refer to Attachment 1.0. It is a table of Gross Domestic Product of Japan since 2000 to 2008. The GDP of Japan shows increase since year 2000 to 2007. However, it suddenly declined 2.74% at year 2008. Reasons will be explained in detail in 2.4 Analysis on Data. 2.2 Number of Immigrants,...
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...An aid agency is an organization dedicated to distributing aid. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is one example, which was created in 1944. The IMF is an international organization that oversees the global financial system by following the macroeconomic policies of its member countries, especially those with an impact on exchange rate and the balance of payments. There are currently 186 members. Their goal is to stabilize exchange rates and assist the reconstruction of the world’s international payment system. They also offer highly leveraged loans to countries in severe financial trouble. This money comes from a pool, which countries will contribute to on a temporary basis. Any member country can ask the IMF for financing if it has a balance of payments need. The loan helps member countries to tackle balance of payments problems, stabilize their economies, and restore sustainable economic growth. Here are some of the advantages of a country receiving aid. 1. Economics Reasons: Why less developed countries seek and accept aid is mainly for the purpose of economic development. They use the money on a number of things, such as paying the interest on foreign debts, enable infrastructure changes to be made to the economy such as dams and roads etc. 2. Moral Reasons: Many people felt that the more economically developed countries (LEDCs) have a moral responsibility to provide development assistance for the poorer countries. Here are some of the disadvantages of a country...
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...groups. Foreign aid was subject to many changes since the end of the Second World War. The developed countries, especially the ones from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), have started to allocate their ODA through two main channels: the bilateral aid channel and the multilateral aid channel. According to the OECD , bilateral aid “represents flows from official (government) sources directly to official sources in the recipient country” while multilateral aid “represents...
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...society—ethics and bribery, the environment, pharmaceuticals, and labor issues • To examine corporate responses to globalization Chapter Overview Globalization has become a major socioeconomic force and topic of debate in the twenty-first century. While Chapter One examines the forces and criticisms associated with the globalization process, Chapter Five focuses upon the impact of foreign direct investment on home and host countries. Following an explanation of the balance-of-payments effects of FDI, a series of ethical issues concerning the social responsibilities of MNEs is explored. The cultural and legal foundations of ethical behavior are examined, and the challenges of global warming, pharmaceutical sales, and child labor are highlighted. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the need for corporate codes of ethics. Chapter Outline OPENING CASE: ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES FOR NEWMONT MINING IN INDONESIA [See Map 5.1.] This case illustrates the effects of the changing and conflicting attitudes of the national and local Indonesian governments toward foreign direct investment. Headquartered in Denver, Colorado, Newmont Mining is the second largest producer of gold worldwide. Nonetheless, Newmont has decided to close one of its two Indonesian mining operations, Minahasa Raya on the island of Sulawesi. As Indonesia evolved politically, Newmont faced an uncertain political and increasingly aggressive legal landscape. Local groups and courts...
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