...Lexical cohesion and the organization of discourse First year report PhD student: Ildikó Berzlánovich Supervisors: Prof. Dr. Gisela Redeker Dr. Markus Egg Center for Language and Cognition Groningen University of Groningen 2008 Table of contents 1 Introduction.........................................................................................................1 2 Lexical cohesion...................................................................................................2 2.1 Lexical cohesion and discourse organization................................................2 2.1.1 Introduction.............................................................................................2 2.1.2 Lexical cohesion and genre.....................................................................2 2.1.3 Lexical cohesion and coherence .............................................................3 2.2 The role of lexical cohesion in the segmentation and centrality of discourse units......................................................................................................................5 2.2.1 Introduction.............................................................................................5 2.2.2 Discourse segmentation ..........................................................................6 2.2.3 Central discourse units............................................................................8 2.2.4 Conclusion .........................................
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...INTRODUCTION This study entitled "Register Analysis on Philippine Movie Advertisements of Star Cinema" was conducted to have the following goals: first, to characterize linguistic factors such as diction and language variety and second, to characterize non-linguistic factors such as types of movies. This research is expected to be beneficial for the students, the advertisers and the other researchers. It shows a specific example of register namely the register on Philippines movie advertisement. This can be used as an additional reference for studying language and creating advertisements text that is considered to be efficient and effective for attracting and encouraging readers to make use of the company with its products and services. Moreover, the results of this research also can be hopefully used as a reference for those who are interested in analyzing language variety, especially the one in movie advertisement. Communication also happens in the business and industry. The most common form of communication in business and industry is between the manufacturers and the consumers. In business, someone will do everything to get the maximum profit and the success of his/her company. One of their effects is through advertisement. It represents pictures of life in daily life. Advertisements are identified as the texts that do their best to get people‟s attentions to make them turn toward them (Goddard, 1998: 6). The purposes of advertisements are to influence and motivate the public...
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...cartoons, so it is definitely rated NSFW. Part 1 here discusses the subject matter; Part 2 compares hentai to live action pornography; Part 3 considers the ramifications of hentai.)  Created by a fan, and named “Jessica Rabbit Naughty Pin-up”. When Jessica Rabbit, the animated femme fatale of Who Framed Roger Rabbit? uttered the line “I’m not bad, I’m just drawn that way,” I sincerely doubt her creators knew that a decade later she would be made into an online porn star. Now, alongside other American and Japanese cartoon women, she has entire websites devoted to her. Is Jessica being objectified, degraded, and having her rights taken away? Logically, no, because Jessica is merely ink-and-paint, a figment of someone’s imagination brought to life only by the mechanical and visual trickery of animation. As she said, it’s not her fault she was drawn to represent a stereotypical male conception of an idealized woman. Why should we care if people have changed her from a children’s animated figure into an adult porn star? The purpose of this essay is to answer just that: the reasons we should care, and why research should not ignore cartoon porn, and in particular hentai, when it studies pornography. According to anime scholar Mark McLelland, hentai is the Western label applied to Japanese anime, manga and games that depict sexually explicit and pornographic images and narratives. While not used in Japan to...
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...Melissa Butler Dr. Mark Howell English 112 2/28/2016 Young Love vs Chanel No. 5 In today’s world we see advertisements such as billboards, benches or commercials on TV and almost everywhere else we go. Our society is constantly influenced by advertising. While enthusiastic people work hard to create their masterpiece of a commercial, most people try to avoid them due to the inconvenience of them interrupting their favorite TV show. Today they have become a part of our life and the competition to produce an effective commercial is always booming. A reason for the widening of advertising is certainly the stressful expectation to produce a unique representation of a product that stands out in the market, as well as selling the product itself. TV commercials are used to attract the audience and the producers spend a lot of money and time to obtain the attention of the viewer. The most glamorous commercials I feel are certainly those of perfumes. That is why I chose to do this paper on two perfume TV commercials and examine the features that are used to produce an effective advertisement. One will be a TV commercial of 1962 that deals with the perfume “Young Love” while the other represents the “Chanel No.5 “production of 2006. These are chosen to point out the difference with regard to the use of visuals and text that are important for the development of a commercial. A TV commercial usually consists of text, visuals and sometimes incorporates music. All these features seem...
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...'You Just Get Blocked'. Teenage Drinkers: Reckless Rebellion or Responsible Reproduction? Authors: Johnson, Peter1 p.johnson@qub.ac.uk Source: Children & Society. Sep2011, Vol. 25 Issue 5, p394-405. 12p. Document Type: Article Subject Terms: *ALCOHOLISM -- Psychological aspects *ALCOHOLISM -- Risk factors *ATTITUDE (Psychology) *CULTURE *FOCUS groups *SOCIOLOGY *STEREOTYPES (Social psychology) *AFFINITY groups *NARRATIVES *ADOLESCENCE Geographic Terms: GREAT Britain Author-Supplied Keywords: adolescence alcohol childhood children's culture youth Abstract: The purpose of this study is to challenge the discourse that underage drinking is inevitably 'deviant'. Rather than imposing an adults lens, the article draws upon focus-group interviews with 14-15 year olds. The meaningful role of drinking is explored, along with the capability of peer cultures to manage some alcohol-related 'risks'. The data suggest that the prioritization of adults constructs over teenage subject experiences appears somewhat misplaced since teenage norms are not complete subversions of the adult world. Apparent transgression is better understood as alternative socialization, since teenage peer groups creatively reproduce the wider culture. Copyright of Children & Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print...
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...Whether like it or not, some aspects of our lives are influenced by decisions made by anyone but us. Politics and political movements containing discourses could be listed under this category of decisions. It`s been a long while since public speakers are concerned with various dimensions of speech such as sounds, gestures, syntax, rhetoric, meanings, speech acts, moves, strategies and turns. In this paper our main focus is on the rhetoric of a speech. As we know where rhetoric is concerned we should inevitably deal with literature. In other words rhetoric is like a joint which connect literature with politics and establish a method of analyzing political speeches called polio-linguistic approach. Thus we can consider political discourses as pieces of literature. Literary techniques especially rhetorical devices serve as one of the most distinctive features of the greatest and most influential speeches of all time. There is no shortage of rhetorical devices used in these speeches, but we can prioritize them by count of repetitions in political discourses. In this study first I have represented the necessity of using these types of persuasive skills in political discourses, the methods within which politicians take advantages of these skills and the different sides of a successful speech. Then after a glance through different rhetorical devices, excerpts from four of the greatest speeches in history are provided with the rhetorical devices indicated in them. Finally a quite...
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...Cthulhu in "The Tale of Cthulhu" are based on statues of the creature. One, constructed by an artist after a series of baleful dreams, is said to have "yielded simultaneous pictures of an octopus, a dragon, and a human caricature [...] A pulpy, tentacled head surmounted a grotesque and scaly body with rudimentary wings."[6] Another, recovered by police from a raid on a murderous cult, "represented a monster of vaguely anthropoid outline, but with an octopus-like head whose face was a mass of feelers, a scaly, rubbery-looking body, prodigious claws on hind and fore feet, and long, narrow wings behind."[7] When the creature finally appears, the story says that the "thing cannot be described," but it is called "the green, sticky spawn of the stars", with "flabby claws" and an "awful squid-head with writhing feelers." Johansen's phrase "a mountain walked or stumbled" gives a sense of the creature's scale[8] (this is corroborated by Wilcox's dreams, which "touched wildly on a gigantic thing 'miles high' which walked or lumbered about"). Cthulhu is depicted as having a worldwide cult centered in Arabia, with followers in regions as far-flung as Greenland and Louisiana.[9] There are leaders of the cult "in the mountains of China" who are said to be immortal. Cthulhu is described by some of these cultists as the "great priest" of "the Great Old Ones who lived ages before there were any men, and who came to the young world out of the sky."[10] The cult is noted for...
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...as being a brave and intelligent person, his tendency to procrastinate prevented him from acting on his father’s murder, his mother’s marriage, and his uncle’s ascension to the throne. Hamlet thinking this trait was genetic, speaks of his father’s tragic flaw that would ultimately lead to his death. So, oft it chances in particular men, That for some vicious mole of nature in them, As, in their birth, wherein they are not guilty (Since nature cannot choose his origin), By the o’ergrowth of some complexion, Oft breaking down the pales and forts of reason, Or by some habit that too much o’er-leavens The form of plausive manners—that these men, Carrying, I say, the stamp of one defect, Being nature’s livery, or fortune’s star, Their virtues else, be they as pure as grace, Shall in the general censure take corruption From that particular fault. The dram of evil Doth all the noble substance of a doubt Hamlet makes reference to the one deficiency that is his specific fault. Here again, Shakespeare attempts to justify Hamlet’s inability to act decisively. He writes, “As, in their birth, wherein they are not guilty (Act1 Scene 1 Line 26). Hamlet’s tragic flaw was shown to him in a dream by the ghost of his father. His father tells him that he was murdered by his uncle, Claudius. In this scene, the tragic flaw was transferred and manifested itself in Hamlet’s actions. His obsession with revenge and death is all he can think...
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...Introduction RSH, which stands for Rubin, Stern and Hertz is an investment banking company located in New York City. Peter Thomson, who was their star semiconductor analyst, announced his resignation after getting an offer from one of their competitors. Due to this reason, RSH is faced with a challenge of finding Thompson’s replacement since in the current market situation it is hard to get a star analyst ready to shift companies. Thomson was not only the company’s star semiconductor but also the particular one that it had. The company needed a high attention to the semiconductor manufacturing since his role could not be left unoccupied for long. Stephen, who was the manager of research at the company, formulated a backup plan and convinced Rina Peter’s junior analyst to stay in the business and he promoted her to be a senior provisional analyst (Matthews, 2012). Discourse However, Stephen was still faced with a difficult task to hire a permanent replacement for Peter from outside or to offer Rina a permanent deal. The corporate norm of the company was unusually firm in its research sector. The senior research analysts usually began as a junior analyst and later promoted. Various analysts of the company supported each other, and there was no competition between them. The investigators worked and spent much time exploring on other firms in their zones and came up with contrarian opinions on shares. The company’s culture was among it top competitive benefits since the teamwork...
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...Logan Schrier Midterm Movie Project The movie that I did my piece of work on is Freedom Writers, directed by Richard LaGravenese. Some of the main stars include Hilary Swank as Erin Gruwell, Patrick Dempsey as Scott Casey, and Scott Glenn playing Steve Gruwell (Erin’s father). This movie is based on a true story about a teacher who puts an outstanding effort into her job, donating a hundred percent of her time and attention to the lives of her students. Erin Gruwell, who stars as the teacher, is a fresh graduate who recently acquired her teaching degree. Erin takes the challenge of educating a disorderly, chaotic class of unregenerate inner city youths. Erin’s interests and enthusiasm is quickly challenged when she realizes she is dealing with a class full of "at-risk" students. The students are so disruptive and uninterested to learn that the school and principle calls them the “unteachables." Erin is shocked and concerned about the students’ disregard for a good education, and a high school diploma. Becoming close with them, and developing a small relationship is nearly impossible at first. Every so often the students would even doubt Erin’s ability to teach them, and doubt her intentions and capability. However, Erin creates her own style of teaching, which gave her the edge to slowly start a small relationship with her students and encourage them to collect the knowledge. Erin supplies the class with The Diary of Anne Frank, and assigns them to think and write...
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...Miami School District Negotiation MGT 445 August 30, 2011 Miami School District Negotiation When children move to a new school, it not only affects the children. It affects their families, the community, and the school. The school boundaries in Miami must be redrawn to concentrate on overcrowding. Experts are choosing and evaluating these boundaries. The affected stakeholders are experiencing concerns. One must first identify the stakeholders and their concerns before he or she can establish each of the concerns. Choosing a strategy for negotiation and reviewing the ethics and culture effects will ensure that the negotiation approach is applicable for the circumstances. In this paper the subject to analyze is a negotiation strategy that favors the board’s requirement to redraw school boundaries, identification of the stakeholders and how culture, and ethics affect the strategy. Stakeholders To originate an efficient negotiation strategy, one must identify the stakeholders and stakeholders concerns. The stakeholders in the Miami School District project are the students, parents, teachers, and school staff, and the community. The students are primary stakeholders because students who change schools will encounter a new teachers, campus, and classmates. Students will depart from the comfort of familiarity. The parents will experience the effects of a new environment for their children, and a different location of the new school. Teachers and staff will experience class...
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...Rarely is anything black and white. The debates about sexual education in U.S. public schools are no different. While the ideas of abstinence and holistic learning of sex contradict each other at first, they can coexist if one looks at the bigger picture along with its consequences. Thus, while the discourse concerning sexual education in public schools may depict abstinence-only and fully comprehensive sexual education as conflicting ideologies, they are actually quite similar. This is significant because a comprehensive education actually adds to the abstinence message while supporting (instead of shaming) youth and their right to information that could lead to safer and more responsible sexual choices. While the vast majority of...
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...A Comparative Study of Metaphor in British and United States of America (US) Political Discourse Student’s Name University Affiliation Comparative Study of Metaphor in British and United States of America (US) Political Discourse Abstract This study offers a research on the application of metaphor in the discourse of cultural and political aspects between these two countries; The United States of America and Great Britain. As a result, this is an analysis of the various factors related to the perspective in terms of the cultural and socio-political phenomenon, in which a lot of attention is placed on the elements ascertaining the pragmatic, variable, and cognitive details of the British and US's political discourses: The inaugural speeches of four US presidents and party political manifestos of two British political parties during the period between 1974 and 1997 are analysed. The main purpose of undertaking this kind of comparative study of the British and the American political discourses is quite evident, these discourses symbolize intriguing and complex methods of cultural values and political differences as depicted in the respective linguistic contexts. The key findings are that metaphors from the domains of conflict, journey and buildings are general across the divide. However, the British corpus contain metaphors that draw on the source domain of plants whereas the American corpus hugely draws on source domains like fire and light and the physical environments that are...
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...Do you think that the story of Romeo and Juliet will have a happy or sad ending? Task 2 – Romeo’s in love When Juliet appears on the balcony, Romeo is full of compliments for her. 1 But soft! What light through yonder window breaks? 2 It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. 3 Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon, 4 Who is already sick and pale with grief, 5 That thou, her maid, art far more fair than she. 6 Be not her maid since she is envious. 7 Her vestal livery is but sick and green, 8 And none but fools do wear it. Cast it off. 9 It is my lady. Oh, it is my love. 10 Oh, that she knew she were! 11 She speaks, yet she says nothing. What of that? 12 Her eye discourses. I will answer it.— 13 I am too bold. 'Tis not to me she speaks. 14 Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven, 15 Having some...
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...The Significance of Eve’s Dreams in Paradise Lost Some of the most telling aspects of John Milton’s Paradise Lost are in the few instances in which the reader is privy to the contents of Adam and Eve’s dreams, and these instances contribute significantly to the outcome and overall meaning of the poem. Milton’s use of dreams in Paradise Lost serves several distinct purposes. These passages allow us to glean insight to the inner workings of both Adam and Eve’s subconscious, as well as to God’s respective plans for them. Adam and Eve’s dreams illustrate the differences inherent within them and their very different relationships with God. Eve’s dreams are particularly dramatic in their substance, and in their drastic contrast before and after the fall. I propose that Milton’s use of dreams in Paradise Lost demonstrates that prelapsarian Eve could never have truly comprehended good and evil. All of Adam’s dreams in the poem are divinely inspired, while Eve’s first dream is induced by Satan, and her final, postlapsarian dream a vision from God that shows her that she will go on to bear the “promised seed” (12.623) that will deliver salvation. This essay will examine the different ways in which Adam and Eve receive information and how it affects their understanding and, consequently, their actions. We are first introduced to Adam and Eve as Satan is observing them in the Garden of Eden, acting as the first anthropologist in order to ascertain how to bring about their demise. Satan...
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