...ENC 1102 Research Paper May 1st, 2013 Unreasonable Discrimination Racial discrimination is an issue that has persisted through many centuries and across geographical boundaries. Members of the black race have been strongly affected by racial discrimination since colonial times when white conquerors brought blacks from Africa as slaves to carry out hard labor jobs. Meanwhile, conquerors treated African slaves as inferior and usually worse than an animal. Society has evolved since and through a lot of work and effort, in the United States and most countries in the world slavery has been abolished and there is a constitutional equality among citizens regardless of their race or background. However, in reality our society even today experiences different degrees of racial discrimination. In spite of this, African Americans have fought against racial discrimination sometimes resorting to physical means, but most importantly utilizing intellectual means. African Americans through centuries have written poems, stories, plays and motivational speeches that express their pride in overcoming hardships in a way that could never be silenced. This way, African Americans have shown over the years that they are not an “inferior” race as it was considered in colonial times. The Homo sapiens species is so diverse that it is difficult to draw clear lines between humans based on their race or the color of their skin. However, even today societies attempt to classify people...
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... | |Racism | | | |Racism has existed throughout human history. It may be defined as the hatred of one person by another| | |-- or the belief that another person is less than human -- because of skin color, language, customs, | | |place of birth or any factor that supposedly reveals the basic nature of that person. It has | | |influenced wars, slavery, the formation of nations, and legal codes. | |Reverse discrimination |Reverse discrimination is a term referring to discrimination against members of a dominant or | | |majority group, including the city or state, or in...
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...Running head: AFRICAN AMERICANS African Americans Past to Present HIS204 Tyrone Johnson Professor Kimberly Hornback June 18, 2012 Before the American Civil War, medical observers deemed psychosis to be rare in slaves, but common in free blacks of the North and of Caribbean descent. After 1865, the prevailing psychiatric perception of African Americans was that psychosis was increasing at an alarming rate. Basically observers that many African Americans had some sort of mental illness, which lead to them being over diagnosis, which created very much false impressions of who they were. Jarvis (2008), Reasons for the increasing rates were initially scribed to the effects of emancipation, but as researchers reported rates of psychosis to be on the rise through the first half of the 20th century, the stress of internal migration and social adversity were increasingly invoked as explanatory factors. Even though many changes and the challenges did not seemly to actually change. The involvement in the ending of isolation among African Americans, as well being one of the culture groups of people involved in the struggles, segregation, civil rights movement...
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...Mohamud Historical Report on Race We as African Americans have always had a struggle throughout American History. They were brought to America as slaves and had no say at all in their relocation or even separation from their families. Most African Americans today are the descendants of captive Africans held in the United States from 1619 to 1865. In the past, African Americans were referred to and self-identified as the American Negro. Our history is celebrated annually in the United States during the month of February which has been designated as Black History Month. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_history) The majority of African Americans descended from slaved brought in directly from Africa, or from the Caribbean. These slaves descended from prisoners of war that were captured by African states and sold to Arab, American, or European slave trades. The American slave population was made up of the various ethnic groups from western and central Africa, which includes Bakongo, Igbo, Mande, Wolof, Akan, Fon, and Makua. Before the Atlantic Slave Trade there were already people in America who was of the African descent. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_history) Africans first arrived in 1619 when a Dutch ship sold 19 blacks as indentured servants to Englishmen at Point Comfort. Point Comfort, which is known as Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia in 1619. The majority of these people came from the West African coast and a small percent came from Madagascar...
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...previous to the nineteen fifties, African Americans were the subject of more discrimination than any other race or religion in all aspects of being treated both as a person, and a race. These people were up until almost the mid 1900’s as slaves, even though slavery was abolished long before, even in the mid 1900’s, African Americans were still considered “second class citizens”, not seen as equals in the eyes of others. It was during the 1950’s that African Americans, and other racial authorative groups collaborated to change their status in society. This challenge of fighting against discrimination and for racial equality among racial groups became one of the most important times in United States history; it was the beginning of what we know as the Civil Rights Movement. The fight for racial equality started long before the 1950’s, in the early 1900’s, the NAACP (the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People) was created by Booker T. Washington, and Webb Du Bios, Mr. Washington was actually an ex-slave. As the NAACP grew in numbers and support, the NAACP also published its own newspaper, showing progress, and enticing people to come forward to support for their rights. One of its first victories was the laws of segregation in housing, and also the right of African Americans to jury duty. The NAACP helped in establishing other groups such as CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) which their purpose was to end discrimination. The founders of the NAACP had...
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...Running head: MENTAL HEALTH: THE AFRICAN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE Running head: MENTAL HEALTH: THE AFRICAN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE 2 African Americans living in urban, low-income, impoverished environments are at high risk for exposure to traumatic events, and have a potential prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) due to previous and repeated trauma exposure. African-Americans living in urban, low income communities with continuous exposure to community violence and previous personal trauma exposure, may have a higher prevalence of PTSD and other mental health disorders. As a result, living in these environments could increase the likelihood of poor social and developmental outcomes, including but not limited to increased anxiety, aggression, depression, and social withdrawal. There are numerous factors that contribute to this hypothesis: African Americans were six times more likely than Whites to be murdered or victimized (Fox & Zawitz, 2002). These include low socioeconomic status, trauma exposure, lack of cultural competency, lack of diversity in the mental health-care work force; the fragmentation of mental health services to include a mix of disparities in private plans’ coverage of mental health services, public insurance and safety net programs, federal laws, and financial barriers. Lack of trust for physicians and health care providers; exposure to urban stressors such as poverty, racism, and violence can also be barriers...
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...Racial discrimination existed in ancient times, but its modern form is from the beginning of the period of primitive accumulation of capital, so far, in the world of racial discrimination still exists in certain areas. Racial has always been a matter of concern in the Europe and the United States. Because the vast majority of black people were deprived of equal treatment rights due to their skin color. Of course includes Indians, indigenous peoples of Oceania, Europe's former colonial immigrants, ethnic minorities and foreign workers in Asia "tribal people" and caste group, are victims of racial discrimination past and present. Racial discrimination insults to human dignity, so it repeatedly condemned by the international media and international organizations. November 20, 1963, "United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination," declares the first time, to quickly eliminate all racial discrimination in the world. November 30, 1973, by the United Nations' International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid, "once again clearly announced that those who commit acts of apartheid organizations, institutions or individuals, that is a crime, bear international crimes (“International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination” Introduction) Following paragraphs would explore those racial issues from the WW II period, especially for Africans; address the root of racial issues; discover what...
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...epidemic began in 1980, an estimated 1,129,127 people in the USA have been diagnosed with AIDS. The number of people living with HIV rose from around 8 million in 1990 to 34 million by the end of 2010. The overall growth of the epidemic has stabilized in recent years and the annual number of new HIV infections has steadily declined. Today, many scientific advances have been made in HIV treatment and we understand much more about the condition. There are laws to protect people against HIV despite this; stigma and discrimination remain a reality because people are ignorant and negligent about various aspects of HIV especially protecting themselves and others from HIV. This was the main reason I chose this topic. African Americans are the racial/ethnic group most affected by HIV. Compared with members of other races and ethnicities, African Americans account for a higher proportion of HIV infections at all stages of disease from new infections to deaths. In 2009, African Americans comprised 14% of the US population but accounted...
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...list below: o African American o Asian American o Arab American o Hispanic American/Latino o White/Caucasian • Write a 150- to 300-word summary of the economic, social, and political standings of that group. Use additional resources if necessary, from the University Library or your textbooks. Provide citations for all the sources you use. Collectively, African Americans are more involved in the American political process than other minority groups in the United States. Why? Because, as indicated by the highest level of voter registration and participation in elections among these groups in 2004. African Americans collectively attain higher levels of education than immigrants to the United States. African Americans also have the highest level of Congressional representation of any minority group in the U.S.The large majority of African Americans support the Democratic Party. In the 2004 Presidential Election, Democrat John Kerry received 88% of the African American vote compared to 11% for Republican George W. Bush. Historically, African Americans were supporters of the Republican Party because it was Republican President Abraham Lincoln who helped in granting freedom to American slaves; at the time, the Republicans and Democrats represented the sectional interests of the North and South, respectively, rather than any specific ideology, and both right and left were represented equally in both parties. The African American trend of voting for Democrats...
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...Are African American Males Victims of the Criminal Justice System? Institution Tutor Name Date Table of Contents Chapter One 3 Chapter One Introduction The United States of America is credited to have the largest criminal justice framework globally, as at 2011, seven million people were under various programs within correctional facilities and programs. Among these people, 2.2 million were incarcerated in federal, state as well as local correctional facilities. Such incarceration rates dwarf the rates of all other countries globally. However, its magnitude is not void of challenges. The criminal Justice System is ailing form a vast array of challenges. Of importance to us with regard to this context is racial disproportionality within the criminal Justice system. By definition, racism is the perception that inherent differences between various racial groups consequently lead to the superiority of certain races and discrimination of other groups. This is the perception that great men such as Booker. T. Washington, as well as Martin Luther King, fought against during the 1960’s in a bid to end racism. For years these men under the African- American Civil Rights movement advocated for equality for all leading to the ‘end’ of racist perceptions. Today, the belief that their efforts halted racism stands to be questioned, on further examination of this subject it is eminent that racism is still existent in the twenty- first century. Racism has simply found ways...
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...Thesis Statement In this essay one will come to a better understanding of racial and ethnic inequality and why it exists. It is evident that Inequality amongst certain races is evident however it also linked to a variety of perspectives that account for the continuation of racial, ethnic discrimination and inequality. Inequality amongst Races and Ethnicity ▪ What is race and ethnicity? ▪ Should race exist ▪ Inequality among races Racism against African Americans ▪ Slavery ▪ Racial Profiling ▪ Stereotypes ▪ Causes and Effects of Racism Social status and race inequality ▪ Social/Racial classification ▪ Education inequality ▪ Labor/income Inequality Laws and Policies ▪ Affirmative action policies ▪ Equal Opportunity Policy ▪ Civil Right Act The social stance of American Minorities Now ▪ African Americans Conclusion In this essay one will come to a better understanding of racial and ethnic inequality and why it exists. It is evident that inequality amongst certain races is evident; however, it also linked to a variety of perspectives that account for the continuation of racial, ethnic discrimination and inequality. The story of race is intricate and may challenge how we think about human differences and race as whole entity. Race is a socially constructed group of people who have the same biological traits that society (Macionis 2007). Race is a category used to define people...
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...in Society Part I African Americans seem to fall below regarding political, social and economic standings. Economically, their income has improved over the past fifty years. They now report a median income of what White men were making 50 years ago. In 2009, the median income for Blacks was $32584, and for Whites it was $54461.00. (Schaefer, 2012) As much as the income has increased for African Americans, it has also increased for White men. That suggests they are still the less than race. It could be said that their economic status is a result of poor college enrollment or graduation among their race. The reduction in financial aid availability has deterred African Americans from applying for higher education, and the stigma that comes with trying to succeed in school as an African American does the same. In the social aspect, there seems to be consistency of broken families among the race. Single parent families account for 91% of the households. (Schaefer, 2012) This is a shocking statistic. Although, they are broken families, there seems to be very strong generational family ties. Each generation seems to take responsibility for the younger generation. There are several instances where the grandmothers are raising the grandchildren. There will likely be multi generations in one home. They also have strong religious values and attend church together weekly. There are not many Blacks in politics. When Obama ran for President, 95% of Black Americans voted for him. Black...
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...attaining suffrage for women, to passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination “by reason of color, race, religion, or natural origin” (“Transcript of Civil Rights Act”), discrimination toward minority groups have been reduced tremendously. Though great progress has been made, and explicit acts of discrimination are no longer as prevalent in society, there is still the issue of discrimination toward minority groups permeated in society in the form of implicit discrimination. While explicit discrimination is when individuals consciously discriminate, there is also...
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...the world. Although the United States is wealthy, not all individuals have benefited from that wealth. Throughout society, African American communities have become marginalized, with areas of poverty, high crime rates, discrimination and few opportunities for advancement. These areas are often locations where racial and cultural minorities live. Racial disparities exist within the criminal justice system and have shown many problems of inequality between the white and black race. In addition to having inequality within the criminal justice system, the criminals also have impacted their family members in different ways due to being incarcerated. The media has misrepresented African Americans by emphasizing African Americans participating in crimes while ignoring crimes committed by whites. People in society are assuming that only black people commit crimes, which is unfair because the incidences of people committing crimes are about equal between the races. Racial disparity favors white people over black people in the criminal justice system. Therefore, society must reevaluate the way society portrays who commits crimes, and where they are committed. Throughout many decades of history, black people had been discriminated against and treated as second class citizens in American society, even though they participated equally in the workforce. Discrimination has happened from slavery until present times. For example, during the 17th century until 1865, slaves were viewed as inferior...
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...element regarding opportunities for people of African descent. The question of whether this has changed presently is ambiguous. America has certainly evolved from a place of slavery and segregation to the self-proclaimed “Land of Opportunities” offering equal rights and prospects to all, yet there are still signs of inequality within the social construct of the nation. If one were to take a look at the American work field, they would notice the differences in positions acquired by African-Americans and Caucasians. African-Americans typically work minimum-wage jobs, living paycheck to paycheck and if they are fortunate enough to acquire an adequate paying job; their employers are Caucasians who usually own the major businesses and corporations. This inevitable conflict has emerged from America’s past history of unfair and unequal treatment of people of color. The American society has not completely eradicated the problem with racial discrimination and inequality within the workforce which has created the growing wealth gap. In the United States, issues of race and class are tied to together like a chain of DNA; one cannot address the issue of class without referring to the demographics of race. The methodology of determining the variations in social class was established in the mid-1960s and has not changed in the most latter years. Within the time span, there have been many studies conducted that reveals the bases of how the American society classifies people into social groups...
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