...Discuss the concepts of centralized vs. decentralized purchasing authority, identify their relative advantages and disadvantages, and provide examples of when each may be appropriate. Centralized purchasing authority relies on one person to make decisions and direct the company. Sometimes in small businesses this is used because the owner is typically responsible for the operations of the company. The person held accountable in centralized authority structures is held accountable by the top management for proper performance of the purchasing activities. Often in smaller businesses this is necessary to attain a high operating efficiency and to maximize profits. The power of decision making is in just a few positions and there is typically little input from other positions. In large organizations this can be a good tactic if there is little segmentation among the business. In decentralized structures there are several people making decisions and running operations. In decentralized styles there is a team of people and different levels in the business. With having a larger team making decisions employees are usually empowered to make business decisions. Centralized authority can create extreme efficiency for a business. Usually the owner of the business can develop a mission and vision and set specific objectives for the managers to follow to achieve the desired goals. There is potentially a reduction of potential duplication of effort and the ability to leverage...
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...1. Discuss the concepts of centralized vs. decentralized purchasing authority, identify their relative advantages and disadvantages, and provide examples of when each may be appropriate. | | Centralized authority occurs when the supply management decision-making authority is the responsibility of a single person who is held accountable by top management for the proper performance of all purchasing activities. In a single-site operation, centralization of the purchasing function is necessary in order to attain both operating efficiency and to maximize profit. Some advantages of centralized purchasing include: ***Reduction of potential duplication of effort. ***Leveraging of volume purchases: The potential for volume discounts exists when all of the firm's orders for the same and similar materials are consolidated. ***Consolidation: With consolidation, the opportunity to standard and simplify parts is gained. ***Decrease in transportation costs: With the consolidation of orders and delivery schedules, money can be saved. ***Specialization: Purchasing specialists buy more efficiently than less trained individuals. ***Reduction of suppliers' costs: With consolidation, suppliers have fewer expenses (less shipments, less calls, less orders) and can offer better prices and better service due to the reduction. ***Improved inventory control: Because of company-wide knowledge of stock levels, material usage, lead times and prices, it is possible to have more effective inventory control...
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...Non Rational Decision Making ………………………………………………………….. 45 19 Group Decision Making and Creativity ………………………………………………….. 47 20 Planning and Decision Aids-I …………………………………………………………… 50 21 Planning and Decision Aids-II …………………………………………………………… 53 22 Planning: Functions & Benefits ………………………………………………………….. 56 23 Planning Process and Goals Levels ……………………………………………………… 59 24 Management by Objective (MBO) ………………………………………………………. 62 25 Levels of Strategies, Porter’s Model and Strategy Development (BCG) & Implementation.. 68 26 Entrepreneurship Management ………………………………………………………….. 73 27 Organizing ………………………………………………………………………………. 76 28 Job Design/Specialization and Departmentalization …………………………………….. 78 29 Span of Command, Centralization vs....
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...Principles of Management Control Systems 20 Fo rI B ICFAI UNIVERSITY S U se O nl y C la s s of 09 Principles of Management Control Systems 20 Fo rI B ICFAI Center for Management Research Road # 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad – 500 034 S U se O nl y C la s s of 09 The Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India, January 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise – without prior permission in writing from Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India. Fo ISBN 81-7881-995-3 Ref. No. PMCS/A 01 2K6 31 For any clarification regarding this book, the students may please write to ICFAI giving the above reference number, and page number. While every possible care has been taken in preparing this book, ICFAI welcomes suggestions from students for improvement in future editions. rI B S U se O nl y C la s s of 20 09 Contents PART I: AN OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Introduction to Management Control Systems Approaches to Management Control Systems Designing Management Control Systems Key Success Variables as Control Indicators Organizing for Adaptive Control Autonomy and Responsibility Transfer Pricing 3 15 28 42 57...
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...Principles of Management Control Systems 20 Fo rI B ICFAI UNIVERSITY S U se O nl y C la s s of 09 Principles of Management Control Systems 20 Fo rI B ICFAI Center for Management Research Road # 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad – 500 034 S U se O nl y C la s s of 09 The Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India, January 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise – without prior permission in writing from Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India. Fo ISBN 81-7881-995-3 Ref. No. PMCS/A 01 2K6 31 For any clarification regarding this book, the students may please write to ICFAI giving the above reference number, and page number. While every possible care has been taken in preparing this book, ICFAI welcomes suggestions from students for improvement in future editions. rI B S U se O nl y C la s s of 20 09 Contents PART I: AN OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Introduction to Management Control Systems Approaches to Management Control Systems Designing Management Control Systems Key Success Variables as Control Indicators Organizing for Adaptive Control Autonomy and Responsibility Transfer Pricing 3 15 28 42 57...
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...Newcastle-upon-Tyne Jim Hamill University of Strathclyde Tony Purdie Northumbria University Copyright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (þ44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (þ44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass...
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...DMA 501 MARKETING MANAGEMENT BY DR JUSTUS M MUNYOKI SCHOOL OF BUSINESS UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI 2010 INTRODUCTION THE CORE CONCEPTS OF MARKETING. Marketing is a social and Managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, offering and exchanging products of value with others. Then the core concepts of marketing are - Needs , wants and demands - Products - Value, cost and satisfaction - Exchange and translations - Relationships and networks - Markets - Marketers and prospects Needs, wants and demands A need is a state of deprivation of some basic satisfaction. A need is not created by the marketer, but is a biological concept, for example hunger, thirst, safety, shelter, esteems. Wants are desires for specific satisfiers of needs and may be considered a higher level need. For example when an individual may have a need for food, his / her want will be a specific prepared meal such as chicken or fish, Demands are wants for specific products that are backed by an ability and willingness to buy them, wants become demands when supported by purchasing power. Effective demand is comprised of people who are willing and are able to buy a product. Product – Comprises of goods, services and ideas that satisfy human needs and wants. A product is anything that can be offered to satisfy a need or want. Value, cost satisfaction - a value is the consumer’s estimates of the products...
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...MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Unit I Management: Science, Theory and Practice - The Evolution of Management Thought and the Patterns of Management Analysis - Management and Society: The External environment, Social Responsibility and Ethics - Global and Comparative Management - The Basis of Global Management. Unit II The Nature and Purpose of Planning - Objectives - Strategies, Policies and Planning Premises - Decision Making - Global Planning. Unit III The Nature of Organizing and Entrepreneuring - Organizational Structure: Departmentation - Line/Staff Authority and Decentralization - Effective Organizing and Organizational Culture -Global Organizing. Unit IV Co-ordination functions in Organization - Human Factors and Motivation - Leadership - Committees and group Decision Making - Communication - Global Leading. Unit V The System and Process of Controlling - Control Techniques and Information Technology - Productivity and Operations Management - Overall Control and toward the Future through Preventive Control - Global Controlling and Global Challenges. References : 1. Koontz &Weirich, Essentials of Management, Tata McGraw Hill. 2. VSP Rao, V Hari Krishna – Management: Text and Cases, Excel Books, I Edition, 2004 3. Stoner &Wankai, Management, PHI. 4. Robert Krcitner, Management, ATTBS. 5. Weirich& Koontz, Management - A Global perspective, McGraw Hill. 6. Helliregarl, Management, Thomson Learning, 2002. 7. Robbins.S...
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...University of Central Florida JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. To Yale & Hana To Rusty, Russell &Kristin VICE PRESIDENT & EXECUTIVE PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR EDITORIAL ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER DESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR PRODUCTION EDITOR SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SERVICES This book is printed on acid-free paper. Don Fowley Beth Lang Golub Lyle Curry Carly DeCandia Harry Nolan Kevin Murphy Patricia McFadden Lauren Sapira Pine Tree Composition Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, website www.wiley.com/go/permissions. To order books or for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). ISBN 978-0-470-34381-4 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Preface Information technology and business are...
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...University of Central Florida JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. To Yale & Hana To Rusty, Russell &Kristin VICE PRESIDENT & EXECUTIVE PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR EDITORIAL ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER DESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR PRODUCTION EDITOR SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SERVICES This book is printed on acid-free paper. Don Fowley Beth Lang Golub Lyle Curry Carly DeCandia Harry Nolan Kevin Murphy Patricia McFadden Lauren Sapira Pine Tree Composition Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, website www.wiley.com/go/permissions. To order books or for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). ISBN 978-0-470-34381-4 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Preface Information technology and business are...
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...Florida JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. To Yale & Hana To Rusty, Russell &Kristin VICE PRESIDENT & EXECUTIVE PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR EDITORIAL ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER DESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR PRODUCTION EDITOR SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SERVICES Don Fowley Beth Lang Golub Lyle Curry Carly DeCandia Harry Nolan Kevin Murphy Patricia McFadden Lauren Sapira Pine Tree Composition This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, website www.wiley.com/go/permissions. To order books or for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). ISBN 978-0-470-34381-4 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Preface Information technology and business...
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...CHANGE MANAGEMENT (MGMT625) Table of Contents Lecture # 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. Topic Page # Course Orientation ................................................................................................. 1 Benefits and Significance of Change Management ............................................... 5 Kurt Lewin Model: Assumptions and Implications ............................................... 8 Implications af Kurt Lewin Model....................................................................... 12 Some Basic Concepts and Definitions ................................................................. 15 Transactional Vs. Transformational Leadership .................................................. 18 Theories of Change in Organisations................................................................... 21 Life Cycle Theory ................................................................................................ 22 Teleological Theories of Change ......................................................................... 25 Dialectical Theories of Change............................................................................ 27 A Dialectical Approach to Organisational Strategy and Planning ....................... 29 Limitation of Dialectics; DA and DI............................................................
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...achieve higher outcomes in the course. Our new Intelligent Response Technology-based content offers students an intelligent homework experience that helps them stay focused on learning instead of navigating the technology. Finally, McGraw-Hill’s adaptive learning component, LearnSmart, provides assignable modules that help students master core concepts and come to class more prepared. LearnSmart with Lanen is an introductory managerial accounting review, providing students with a refresher on these topics for their cost accounting course. PROVEN EFFECTIVE Get Connected. FEATURES Intelligent Response Technology Intelligent Response Technology (IRT) is Connect Accounting’s new student interface for end-of-chapter assessment content. Intelligent Response Technology provides a general journal application that looks and feels more like what you would find in a general ledger software package, improves answer acceptance to reduce student frustration with formatting issues (such as rounding), and, for select questions, provides an expanded table that guides students through the process of solving the problem. LearnSmart™ McGraw-Hill LearnSmart™ is an adaptive learning program that identifies what an individual student knows and doesn’t know. LearnSmart’s...
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...SUGGESTED ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. Globalization and the Multinational Firm Suggested Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions 3 2. International Monetary System Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 12 3. Balance of Payments Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 17 4. The Market for Foreign Exchange Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 23 5. International Parity Relationships Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 33 6. International Banking Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 40 7. International Bond Markets Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 50 8. International Equity Markets Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 56 9. Futures and Options on Foreign Exchange Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 62 10. Currency and Interest Rate Swaps Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 70 11. International Portfolio Investments Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 78 12. Management of Economic Exposure Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 87 13. Management...
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...(Artech House technology management and professional development library) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58053-265-9 (alk. paper) 1. Engineering—Management. 2. Technology—Management. I. Title. II. Series. TA190 .D47 2002 620’.0068—dc21 2002074491 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Dhillon, B. S. Engineering and technology management tools and applications. (Artech House technology management and professional development library) 1. Engineering—Management 2. Technology—Management I. Title 620’ . 0068 ISBN 1-58053-265-9 Cover design by Igor Valdman © 2002 ARTECH HOUSE, INC. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-265-9 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2002074491 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Affectionately...
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