...INTERNET, PROSTITUTION, AND HIV/AIDS The number of HIV/AIDS cases in the Philippines has surpassed the 10,000- mark in July. The Department of Health's Philippine HIV/AIDS Registry showed that from 1984 to September 2012, there were 10,830 HIV cases and 1,078 of them became AIDS with 353 deaths. To date, about 10 new cases are reported daily. Since the first AIDS case was diagnosed in 1984, the HIV/AIDS level in the Philippines has been regarded as mysteriously “low and slow.” However, latest statistics seem to suggest that the country's luck is running out. Although HIV prevalence remains below one percent of the general population, it has already breached one percent among key population at higher risk. Sexual contact is the most common mode of HIV transmission, but from 2007 there has been a shift in the predominant trend of sexual transmission from heterosexual contact (20%) to males having sex with other males (MSM, 80%). The DOH clarified that men who engage in sex with men were not all homosexuals. It reiterated that HIV/AIDS is not about being gay but about men having unprotected sex with men. In October, the DOH announced the results of its study conducted last year that showed online social networking contributes to the rise in the HIV/AIDS cases in the country. The study covered 180 MSM respondents. Of the 180 respondents, 124 admitted to using online network sites for dating and sex, while 133 said they had sex with people they contacted through online network...
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...Am J Public Health. 2009; 99(9):1556–1562. 2. National Institutes of Health. Guidance for addressing the provision of antiretroviral treatment for trial participants following their completion of NIH funded antiretroviral treatment trials in developing countries. 2005. Available at: http://grants.nih.gov/ grants/policy/antiretroviral/index.htm. Accessed October 20, 2009. 3. Shaffer DN, Yebei VN, Ballidawa JB, et al. Equitable treatment for HIV/AIDS clinical trial participants: a focus group study of patients, clinician researchers, and administrators in western Kenya. J Med Ethics. 2006;32:55–60. 4. Posse M, Meheus F, Van Asten H, van der Ven A, Baltussen R. Barriers to access to antiretroviral treatment in developing countries: a review. Trop Med Int Health. 2008;13(7):904–913. 5. MacQueen KM, Namey E, Chilongozi DA, et al. Community perspectives on care options for HIV prevention trial participants. AIDS Care. 2007;19(4): 554–560. SHAH AND GRADY RESPOND Onyeabor’s letter highlighted some of the ethical complexities inherent in posttrial access. Although we agree that ethically, individuals benefiting from antiretroviral therapy should continue to receive it, the challenge for all of us involved in the ethical conduct of research is to be clear about how this should occur. Many study participants in developing countries, including those in the studies cited, understandably feel that antiretroviral treatment should be continued for life.1 Yet, in other studies, participants...
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...could not tell by looking at a person he or she has the virus.HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)is a virus that attacks the cells in the body's immune system, it tries to fight the virus but eventually the virus wins. Once the virus takes over it weakens the immune system that the immune system cannot fight against infections. People who have HIV can take medications to slow down the process. A person who has HIV does not necessarily have to get AIDS. In 1981, a new fatal, infectious disease was diagnosed as AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). The first cases that were reported in 1981 were of homosexual men with lung type infections and tumors that had what we call AIDS now. Now we know that the most common ways in which HIV is being spread is through sexual contact, sharing needles, and by transmission from infected mothers to their newborns during pregnancy, labor or breastfeeding. We know that most cases of children under the age of 13 that have HIV got it from their mothers. “By the end of 2007, the CDC (center for disease control) estimates that 468,578 people were living with AIDS in America.” http://www.cdc.gov/az/a.html. These CDC statistics show that blacks make up the majority ethnic group that is infected with AIDS. "The CDC also shows that 75% of all people living with AIDS are over the age of 13 and are men. " http://www.cdc.gov/az/a.html. After the disease first came out in 1981 the numbers were so high on how many people had the virus and how many...
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...Australian School of Business Harvard Referencing Guide Contents Acknowledging Sources................................................................................................................................................. 1 Variations in Referencing Styles within the Australian School of Business .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Using footnotes with in-text referencing How to Create a Reference List using a Harvard Style of Referencing ...................................................................... 1 Steps Involved in Referencing ....................................................................................................................................... 2 How to Cite References within the Text of an Assignment ......................................................................................... 2 Authors with the same surname and same publication year……………………………………………………………………2 Works with no author......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Multiple authors ................................................................................................................................................................. 3 For a work that has more than three authors ......................................
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...Child, School, Home: Determinants of Academic Performance* Cecilia A. Florencio Education Research Program Center for Integrative and Development Studies University of the Philippines Email: erp@cids.upd.edu.ph This study was concerned with the determinants of school-related behavior, in particular the relationship between health and nutritional status and academic performance. Such a concern is in place whenever our educational system sets for itself the objective of reducing disparities in education and raising the overall quality and efficiency of education. Although construction of new classrooms, provision of textbooks and other learning materials and training of teachers are necessary to improve the quality of education, it is illogical to expect that these will make up for the difference in learning that could arise because of biological impediments. The objectives of the study relate to (1) nature, magnitude and distribution of health and nutritional problems of school children; (2) relationship between nutritional status and academic performance; and (3) effects on academic achievement of non-nutritional variables, specifically those recommended in the 1976 Project SOUTELE Report. Some 2,304 pupils who were randomly selected from 64 schools in Region I, IV and National Capital Region in Luzon, Region VII in the Visayas and Region XII in Mindanao participated in the study. The other respondents were the pupils’ parents, teachers...
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...Harvard Referencing Guide Contents Acknowledging Sources................................................................................................................................................. 1 Variations in Referencing Styles within the Australian School of Business .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Using footnotes with in-text referencing How to Create a Reference List using a Harvard Style of Referencing ...................................................................... 1 Steps Involved in Referencing ....................................................................................................................................... 2 How to Cite References within the Text of an Assignment ......................................................................................... 2 Authors with the same surname and same publication year……………………………………………………………………2 Works with no author ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Multiple authors ................................................................................................................................................................. 3 For a work that has more than three authors ....................................................................
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...MEMORANDUM TO: Sylvia Mathews Burwell, U.S. Department of Health and Human Service FROM: Tiffany Hunter, Health Services Administrator, Intern SUBJECT: Childhood Obesity in America DATE: October 30, 2015 Childhood obesity is a driving force in the deterioration of health in adulthood. For the first time, the next generation of Americans conceivably will be the the first to have shorter, more disease prone, and less healthy lives than their parents. Obesity in America’s children has tripled since 1980, and current research suggests that one-third of children aged two and older are already overweight or obese. (Russell, Sekhar, & Whelan, 2010) Being overweight was at one time considered something that a child would outgrow. However, that is no longer the case. In the twentieth century, through medical research, it was revealed that children who suffered from obesity were susceptible to a lifetime of various health concerns. A child who carries superfluous weight is at risk for illnesses ranging from asthma to cardiovascular disease. In short, childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions. Childhood obesity is intricate in its complexity because it has multiple influences, including: biological, behavioral, societal, economic, and environmental, which together have shaped an atmosphere in which it has become difficult to sustain a healthy body weight. These environments are categorized by: * The influx in the number of American families having...
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...CONTRACEPTIVES IN HIGH SCHOOL Are contraceptives and birth control appropriate or inappropriate to offer high school students ? Recently The Department of Education has inaugurated a pilot program called CATCH { Connecting Adolescents To Comprehensive Health} made to curb the alarming rates teen pregnancy here in New York City . Although students throughout the nation has had condoms at their dispense people are now outraged by program which allows the school nurse to administer plan B an emergency contraceptive known as the morning after pill as well as birth control through the form of injection and orally . This can be done without the consent of the parents unless they’ve chosen to opt their children out of the program. People like the executive director Greg Pfundstien, of the Chiaroscuro Foundation, one of the anti- abortion groups feel it’s unethical and doubts that this program will work. Says Jonathan Allen of the Reuters an online news source . Although abortion groups may view the morning after pill as a form of abortion when in essence it is simply a high dosage of the actual birth control pill , which can be taken up to seventy-two hours after intercourse , to halt pregnancy . The morning after pill is a freedom of women’s right’s even though high school students are minor’s they should still have access to contraceptives that are safe to use and are preventive measures against...
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...Helping people with dyslexia: a national action agenda Report to the Hon Bill Shorten, Parliamentary Secretary for Disabilities and Children’s Services, from the Dyslexia Working Party: Jim Bond Max Coltheart [Chair] Tim Connell Nola Firth Margaret Hardy Mandy Nayton Jenny Shaw Angela Weeks Submitted January 10 2010 2 Introduction During 2008 the Hon Bill Shorten, Parliamentary Secretary for Disabilities and Children’s Services, met with representatives from dyslexia interest groups who expressed concern that dyslexia is not recognized as a specific disability under the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 and that the education and employment systems do not recognize or support people with dyslexia. Following these meetings the Parliamentary Secretary requested the FaHCSIA convene a roundtable Forum to discuss these issues. This Dyslexia Stakeholder Forum was held at Parliament House Canberra on 16 June 2009. The Forum consisted of 24 people who were scientists in the areas of reading or learning disabilities, technologists, people with dyslexia, clinicians and practitioners, or representatives from DEEWR and FaHCSIA. It was decided that a representative Working Party of 8 Forum members should be formed, charged with the task of writing a report proposing a national agenda for action to assist people with dyslexia. The Working Party consulted widely and in particular benefited from comments on a draft report that were received from the following authorities (all...
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...for our own actions, society finds it easier to point the finger elsewhere. This frame of mind can be partially, to blame for the epidemic of obesity in the United States. Nearly two-thirds of adults in the United States are overweight and 30.5 percent are considered obese (Healthy Youth, 2008). The eating and exercise habits that contribute to this epidemic, generally, begin in childhood (Childhood Obesity, 2010). Therefore, society must change the habits taught to our children in order to change the increasing trend of obesity in our country. To put the seriousness of this epidemic in perspective one should first look at the meaning of epidemic. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary an epidemic is “an unexpectedly large number of cases of disease in a particular population for a particular period of time” (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). The rate increase in the number of obese Americans has risen steadily in the past several years. The alarming truth is nearly one out of every three Americans are considered obese. This means that nearly 59 million people living in the United States alone is obese (Childhood Obesity, 2010). This staggering number is unacceptable and unnecessary. A person needs a certain amount of body fat in order to store energy, heat insulation, to absorb shock, and perform other necessary functions of the human body. The body mass index (BMI) is used to determine if a person is overweight or obese. Most healthcare professionals use the general rule of;...
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...HEALTH PROMOTION CAMPAIGN Student’s name Course Date Public health campaign The Chilean society has been rapidly changing in the last few decades during a period of rapid economic growth. The country has made incredible development over the preceding decade in terms of improving its citizen’s quality of life. Since 1990s, Chile has experienced a track record on the basis of poverty reduction and robust growth. However, Chile only performs well in a few well-being measures, and it ranks low in a wide range of topics in relation to other countries in the Better Life Index. It is, therefore, essential to examine the changes that have taken place in the people’s quality of life with specific emphasis on the well-being of Chilean children. The emotional well-being of a child is essential for their growth as well as great learning in the classroom surrounding. This paper aims at exploring the manner in which schools and communities can support a child’s well being with emphasis on a public health campaign that raises awareness on children’s wellbeing through images drawn by them. In Chile, child protection is an essential social issue. In response to a study in 2000 whose results showed that 74% of children who live in Chile were ill-treated in their homes, the Metropolitan South Health Service in conjunction with the municipalities’ primary care units of South Santiago came up with a comprehensive interventions program. This program aimed at strengthening...
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...have the most positive impact on the dropout rate. These strategies have been implemented successfully at all education levels and environments throughout the nation. 1. Active Learning 2. After-School Opportunities 3. Alternative Schooling 4. Career and Technology Education (CTE) 5. Early Childhood Education 6. Early Literacy Development 7. Educational Technology 8. Family Engagement 9. Individualized Instruction 10. Mentoring/Tutoring 11. Professional Development 12. Safe Learning Environments 13. School-Community Collaboration 14. Service-Learning 15. Systemic Renewal School and Community Perspective Safe Learning Environments A comprehensive violence prevention plan, including conflict resolution, must deal with potential violence as well as crisis management. A safe learning environment provides daily experiences, at all grade levels, that enhance positive social attitudes and effective interpersonal skills in all students. What Is A Safe Learning Environment? It is difficult to create a balance between a safe school and a welcoming, caring environment. It is important to create a school climate that does not tolerate bullying, intimidation, and terrorism. Students who are afraid often stay away from school. A safe learning environment is focused on academic achievement, maintaining high standards, fostering positive relationships between staff and students, and encouraging parental and community involvement...
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...Individual interview lasted 20 to 25 minutes, interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Participants also complete a simple survey. The surveys were distributed to participants for completion and it was requested that they be submitted to the interviewer at the time of the interview. Three interview questions were purposed to the student participants. “How much influence has family members had on your decisions regarding transition services?” “Which family members have had the most influence on your decisions regarding transition services?” “How often have family members been included in decisions regarding transition services?” Surveys were distributed to the student participants through the high schools guidance counselor. The surveys consisted of questions related to the students’ socioeconomic situation, family dynamic, and cultural background. The survey allowed researchers to obtain information regarding the environmental factors of the student...
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...develop broader perspectives and new teamwork and entrepreneurial competencies to supplement preparation in the traditional technical subjects. Although a semester-long study-abroad experience is a valuable part of an educational program aimed at providing these competencies, this paper discusses the value of supplementing such programs with broader and more comprehensive approaches. In particular, a program with distributed and progressive experiences in teamwork, entrepreneurial thinking, and pervasive design and innovation experiences are described. It’s no secret that the traditional perception of engineering students is a routine of working all day and rarely having any time for play. Let’s face it, for any diligent undergrad, hard work should be the standard, but our friends toiling away in their math and science lectures also need something other than textbooks and laboratory work to mix up their day to day activities. Enrolling in an engineering study abroad program is the perfect way to balance out all of that academic pain with some adventure and fun. There are all types of engineers and all types of engineering programs; so it makes sense that you can study engineering almost anywhere in the world! A large list of the top engineering schools can be found in the United States. But, if you would like to study somewhere different, you might appreciate the perspectives you can gain from engineering professors somewhere like India or England. Gaining new perspective in engineering...
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...preclude numerous types of weapon possession, essentially shortening or dispensing with access to and the capacity to buy weapons, and actualizing programs in which the administration takes or buys unlawful weapons as of now available for use among the general population. For those guns that are lawful, possession should be fixing to personal investigations, as well as to broad and compulsory preparing in the protected use and capacity of weapons. In a time of compelling worry about national security, Americans need to perceive that one of the best dangers to national security is their own particular intensely equipped populace. Lamentably, our demonstrated failure to handle boundless firearm possession proposes unequivocally that the best approach to do this is to profoundly limit access to and responsibility for sorts of weapons. More gun control leads to fewer suicides. Between 1999 and 2013 there were 270,237 firearm suicides in the United States, accounting for about 52% of all suicides during those years. By Mar. 2014 study distributed in the International Review of Law and Economics, when firearm possession went down in the United States, general suicide rates went down. Gun related suicides represented 61% of the firearm passings in the United States somewhere around 2000 and 2010. A Dec. 2009 study distributed in Health Policy, discovered "general boundary to gun access made through state regulation can have a huge obstruction impact on male suicide...
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