...Is sports journalism dominated by white males and, if so, how does this influence the representation of other ethnic groups? Introduction The world of sports journalism has long been seen as the domain of the white, middle-class male (Farrington, Kilvington, Price & Saeed, 2012). For several decades the status quo remained the same: white male journalists reporting on white male athletes to a white male audience. However during the 1990s the emergence of black footballers, both domestic and foreign, within the British game began to change the overall dynamic. In addition to this sport became big business, moving from the back pages to the front (Boyle, 2006), and occasions such as the Olympic Games are now massive worldwide events that receive similarly massive attention from the world’s media. It is clear that sport has changed dramatically over the past 20 years, as has the diversity of the athletes who appear in our newspapers, on our television screens and on our radios. With reference to these points I intend to investigate whether sports journalism is still dominated by white males, and if so, how does this cultural bias influence how other ethnic groups are represented in the sporting media. Due to word constraints the essay shall focus on Northern Europe, specifically Sweden and the United Kingdom. Diversity in the newsroom Diversity in a news organisation can bring many benefits, including a broader spectrum of opinion, varied specialist knowledge and both...
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...The Media in Canadian Politics 1956 words Media has always been a center of interest of different political intellectuals in Canada. They always tend to use media as a powerful platform to convey their message to the all the stakeholders of Canadian politics. Common people, on the other hand, also use media to transmit their concerns and feedback to their political representatives. Be it the print media, broadcast media or social media, they have always played a significant role in Canadian politics. We have seen the active role of media in the longest election campaign of Canada in recent federal elections. Media influence Canadian politics by serving as an intermediary between the government and the common people, by acting as a public representative, and by shaping people’s perception of the political environment around them. As a common carrier of information for both government and common people, media plays a significant role in Canadian politics. The important part of this role of media is that most of the media act independently to provide unbiased information for both government and common people. This, however, is not always the case. We will discuss biased part of media later in this essay. As an intermediary between government and common people, media reports the news, helps determine the critical issues to be discussed, and enables the transparency in the political structure. Reporting the news is most basic and essential function of media. Common people and...
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...Some artists discover theirs talents early and start their adulthood with their parents worrying about them becoming starving artists. Others start off on more traditional paths - in my case, journalism and then law - and realize we were closet creatives all along, needing to step in to the light. In my case, my careers didn't really go away as much as I distilled them into doing work that could be both a lifestyle, a living and of service to the world. Approximately 12 years ago, I left the practice of law, began writing books and columns on workplace diversity and inclusion and then began a business doing diversity training for businesses, institutions and schools. But the true discovery for me - that folded in my lives as a journalist,...
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...Additionally, in comparison to their white counterparts, minorities do not thrive as well in the media, particularly in journalism. BBC journalist, Oscar Williams, states that the struggles ethnic writers and women have to deal with greatly contrasts the success white men experience and further proves that Britain seeks to allow white men to thrive in areas multiculturalism and women do not get the chance to (par 6-7). Women and minorities alike are subjected to unfair treatment in print media despite their experience in relation to a white man. Such instances could involve white men ranking higher than women and minorities in the same field, even if they have equal experience in comparison to a white man. Inequality should not be present in a work force meant to be impartial and uniting; however, such is not the case in British media where whites appear to be more important than minorities. Additionally, multicultural teens do not have positive role models to look up to. Since the 1960s, youths in Britain have been in search of an identity, and with the media...
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...Importance of Media and Democracy: Media democracy is a set of ideas advocating reforming the mass media, strengthening public service broadcasting, and developing and participating in alternative media and citizen journalism. The stated purpose for doing so is to create a mass media system that informs and empowers all members of society, and enhances democratic values. It is a liberal-democratic approach to media studies that advocates the reformation of the mass media with an emphasis on public service broadcasting and audience participation, through the use of citizen journalism and alternative media channels. A media democracy focuses on using information technologies to both empower individual citizens and promote democratic ideals through the spread of information. Additionally, the media system itself should be democratic in its own construction shying away from private ownership or intense regulation. Media democracy entails that media should be used to promote democracy as well as the conviction that media should be democratic itself; media ownership concentration is not democratic and cannot serve to promote democracy and therefore must be examined critically. The concept, and a social movement promoting it, have grown as a response to the increased corporate domination of mass media and the perceived shrinking of the marketplace of ideas. The term also refers to a modern social movement evident in countries all over the world which attempts to make mainstream...
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...online news has corrected – or replicated – the inequities and limitations of the international journalism provided by ‘traditional media’. Through comparisons of content at major online news sites and the output of major news wholesalers, this research is the first to demonstrate that the international news most online users consult is that of just two news agencies. This research finds an online news environment with little real information diversity – a situation at odds with a decade and a half of fervour for the democratizing potential of new media. Keywords: News agencies, online journalism, Reuters, associated press, news sources, international news New media have often been deemed inherently democratizing and liberating, offering the prospect of freeing us all from a long standing dependence on a few powerful information providers and the “mainstream” discourse they offer. McNair (2003) hailed recent internet evolution and its infinite possibilities for horizontal communication, the demystification and deprofessionalization of journalism, and endless information choice, suggesting that the chaos of the contemporary communications environment may lay to rest concerns about the power of traditional media monoliths upholding the status quo. Bruns (2005) has argued that everyone can practice journalism and increasingly effective models of participatory online journalism are emerging, further eroding the power of “old media”. While each offer sophisticated improvements...
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...fields of study deeply. I have always dreamed of studying abroad, especially in United States, though, because it can offers a lot of different and valuable experiences First of all, the main advantage of studying in US is that I can learn about my major ‘communication’ from various views. I have dreamed of being journalist since I was in high school, and that’s the main reason why I entered in to Yonsei University and major in Communication now. In major classes, I repeatedly heard that students who want to learn journalism more can experience the most developed and ‘time-honored’ journalism study in United States. That’s because the majority of theories in Communication came from professors of universities in US and US have much longer history in journalism than Korea. Therefore, In US, by listening lectures about history of journalism in US and watching a lot of news channels, I can learn much more diverse views and observe their different practice in journalism. Secondly, I believe that meeting various people in US can increase my cultural sensitivity and interpersonal communication skills. Except short journey...
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...American recording artists. Rock groups from other countries will even sing in English rather than use their native tongue. Media corporations are attempting to begin operations in nations around the world, some countries want to protect their domestic media and culture industries. Some nations, including Norway, Denmark, Spain, Mexico, and South Korea, have established government subsidies to preserve their own domestic film industries. The British government proposed a voluntary levy on the revenues from domestic film theaters, which show predominantly Hollywood movies. These theater revenues could then be used to sponsor the British commercial film industry. However, the proposal was not passed by Parliament. Culture ministers from a diversity of nations have been discussing how they can protect their own cultural identities in an increasingly American-influenced global media environment. Some nations, such...
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...as editorialist Ruth Harper describes, is “the birth of a democratic movement that emphasizes some of journalism’s key factors: transparency, honesty, and giving a voice to the person who doesn’t have one.” It has already been made clear that the infrastructure of mass media is predominantly white, so the traditional route of journalism would be unfortunately ineffective. Nevertheless, modern technology has given minorities that have previously been marginalized an opportunity to take their opinions to the masses. With the utilization of social media, blacks have been able to unite, mobilize, and rebel against the evils of the mass media. This solution trumps all others because it does not hold the same flaws as the others. For starters, the diversity issues is solved since this revolution is totally driven by the oppressed and not the oppressors. Additionally, the bias that emerges from families that are never fully exposed to an integrated society does not exist within social media since the power to turn a story, post, image...etc viral will surely reach the newsfeeds of even the most socially ignorant across America. Sometimes, pieces social journalism become so popular on their platform that they even spread to others, especially television networks. This action allows positive messages of the black community to infiltrate the very same networks that fight to keep them down. In short, the best...
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...Chapter 6 The media, government accountability, and citizen engagement Katrin Voltmer The past two decades or so have seen an unprecedented spread of democracy around the globe. With the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 and the end of the Cold War, the ‘third wave’ of democratization, which started in the early seventies, now encompasses countries in Asia and Africa.1 And even in states whose governments continue to resist a more open and participatory form of governance, such as North Korea, Burma or Zimbabwe, the idea of democracy is a powerful force that inspires people to take on a more active role in public life. However, many of the newly emerging democracies seem to fall short of some, often many, of the basic standards that define democratic rule, with irregular voting procedures, corruption, inefficiency and autocratic styles of government being but a few of the maladies. In addition, as many of the newly emerging democracies belong to the developing world, inequality and poverty remain severe obstacles to full self‐determination of the people. The experiences of the past decades have shown that democracy is not a one‐way road and that a viable democracy requires more than the implementation of the key institutions of government. Rather, an accountable and efficient government is embedded in a complex web of interdependent conditions that ...
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...between thought and reality’ (Heidegger, 1943:1) Objectivity is not the same as impartiality or fairness or balance although all these words are often used as if they were interchangeable. Impartiality means acting fairly because you are not personally involved or have put to one side your personal views or feelings. The elimination of bias. Fairness means acting in a reasonable, just or right way. Balance means arranging things in equal or correct proportions to one another. But objectivity is different. Objectivity means based on facts or evidence, not feelings or opinion. Objectivity requires evidence and verification. It's more than just attempting to be neutral. (Richard Sambrook, 2004) Key Words: Objectivity, Journalism, Facts, Truths, Journalistic Values Putting facts and truths together One of the most troublesome aspects of the debates around objectivity and facts in the way that the concept of object is given a dual role: that of a view of the world, but also a way of representing and communicating truths. This gesture treats the word “objectivity” as short-hand for “objective reality” as well as a mode or method of perception of this reality. This fusion of reality and perception narrows the space between facts and truths. It closes down a very important philosophical area that has been explored by many movement and...
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...Jour 575-Media Ethics and Social Issues Theories for Mass Media Team Projects Teams and topics will be posted on 09/09 Each team will present and lead discussion for 30 minutes First team starts on 09/24 PowerPoint or pre-approved alternative for presentation and discussion Each Team Member must also submit A five-page paper on the topic A confidential peer review of each other team member Team Projects Topic will usually be a Chapter/Case Study in the book Team is expected to go beyond what is in the book to provide additional information and analysis regarding the case study topic. Analyze case study in terms of major foundational ethical theories and major journalism ethical theories. Authoritarian theory of the press: The function of the press is to support the policies and actions of the state, and its authorities. The press should foster social solidarity and national unity. The state has the right to control the press for the overall public good. In many cases, controlling the press means preventing the press from embarrassing the existing government, to repress criticism and protest, and to severely restrict press freedom. The authoritarian view was prevalent in 17th century Europe where publishing came under the prerogative and censorship powers of the monarch and church. The authoritarian theory is embraced today by many leaders of non-democratic states. Libertarian (or liberal) theory of the press: The...
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...Megalomania in the Media Megalomania is the best way to describe the corporatization and consolidation of the world’s media today. The majority of media outlets are owned by a handful of megalomaniacs who are obsessed with wealth and power. The world’s media is being concentrated and monopolized by fewer and fewer companies. These companies share the common agenda to take over the world. The merge of Comcast, Universal Studios, and the remaining assets of General Electric’s National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC), is one such example. This merge, like so many others can impact society in several ways. The Comcast- NBC Universal merger is on the most successful in recent times. Comcast, being one of the largest Internet Service Providers (ISP), and NBC Universal, being one of the largest media providers resulted in monopolization of the global media and technology markets. According to the International Directory of Company Histories, Comcast Corporation is one of the prominent cable, telecommunications and content providers in the world. Comcast has a customer base of 4.4 million with 783,000 cellular connections. Comcast is also partner to Sprint Corporation and Cox Communications Inc. It is associated with QVC Inc., Walt Disney, and Philadelphia basketball and hockey teams. Comcast is backed up by Microsoft Corporations as well (Steinberg, 2009). Comcast Cable is the nation’s largest video, high-speed internet, and phone provider to residential customers under the XFINITY...
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...What is wordpress? WordPress is a free and open source blogging tool and a content management system (CMS) based on PHP and MySQL, which runs on a web hosting service. Features include a plug-in architecture and a template system. WordPress is used by more than 18.9% of the top 10 million websites as of August 2013.WordPress is the most popular blogging system in use on the Web, at more than 60 million websites. It was first released on May 27, 2003, by its founders, Matt Mullenwegand Mike Little, as a fork of b2/cafelog. As of 26 November 2013, version 3.7 had been downloaded nearly 10 million times.The new 3.8 version, named “Parker” was released yesterday. History of wordpress According to the official WordPress Codex, WordPress is the official successor to a blogging tool developed by French programmer Michel Valdrighi named b2/cafelog, which launched in 2001. In 2002 Valdrighi stopped developing b2, which in another world could have been where the story ends, however in January 2003 Matt Mullenweg, a university freshman who was using the b2 blogging software to post photos he was taking on a trip to Washington D.C., wrote on his blog that he’d be willing to create a fork of the project, which, together with a guy named Mike Little (who now runs a web development company named Zed1), is exactly what he did. Mullenweg and Little released the first version of WordPress in May 2003. Others soon joined Mullenweg and Little, including the originator of b2, Valdrighi. In April...
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...which went a long way in establishing a typology in the minds of journalism educators and students. Siebert, Peterson and Schramm discuss journalism philosophy presenting four theories (or concepts): 1. the authoritarian theory, 2. the libertarian theory, 3. the communist theory and 4 the social responsibility theory. Very briefly, here are the main characterstics of each of these theories. Authoritarian: The state, as the highest expression of institutionalized structure, supersedes the individual and makes it possible for the individual to acquire and develop a stable and harmonious life Mass communication, then, supports the state and the government in power so that total society may advance and the state may be viable and attain its objectives. The State (the elite that runs the state) directs the citizenry, which is not considered competent and interested enough to make critical political decisions. One man or an elite group is placed in a leadership role. As the group or person controls society generally it (or he or she) also controls the mass media since they are recognized as vital instruments of social control. The mass media, under authoritarianism, are educators and propagandists by which the power elite exercise social control. Generally the media are privately owned, although the leader or his elite group may own units in the total communication system. A basic: assumption a person engaged in journalism is so engaged as a special privilege granted by the national...
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