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Five Categories of Crime

Cherina Harrell

Instructor Alina Perez-Sheppe

Introduction to Criminal Justice

Oct.3, 2011

In America there are five categories of crime. They are felonies, misdemeanors, offenses, treason and espionage and inchoate offenses. The first on that I am going to discuss is a felony. A felony is a crime punishable by imprisonment for more than twelve months. A person can also get life I prison or lethal injection for a felony. A felony can also be grouped as violent or non violent offenses.
The rank of seriousness differs in many states. In New York State, the felonies are ranked in classes such as E, D, C, B, AI and AII. AI is the most severe. Other states rank numerically such as capital, life, 1st degree, 2nd degree and so on. A felony includes offenses as terrorism, treason, arson, kidnapping, burglary, robbery, rape, and murder. If a person gets convicted of any of these offenses they could receive up to 25 years imprisonment of life imprisonment.
The second crime is a misdemeanor. A misdemeanor is a lesser criminal act than a felony and is usually punished by paying a fine. The imprisonment for a misdemeanor may include offenses such as drug possession, petty theft and simple assault. The state government and the federal government classify misdemeanors into different classifications, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4 according to the seriousness of the crime. A misdemeanor is tried different in court than a felony. A misdemeanor crime doesn’t get the same legal opportunities as people convicted of a felony.
They are usually tried by a small jury of six instead of twelve. If a person wants a jury trial then they will have to pay a fee. In many cases a misdemeanor offense doesn’t require that a person has a lawyer and can be denied one. However, if someone is convicted of a misdemeanor they could serve up to one year imprisonment, fine and probation.
The third term is offense. According to Wikipedia an offense is violation of the criminal law. Offense can be many different things, such as child molestation or murder. There are three types of offenses, fatal, personal and property offenses. A fatal offense is a murder which is an unlawful killing. Murder is divided into groups and rated at a severity level, such as 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree murder. Then there is malice, manslaughter, and involuntary manslaughter. These levels of murders are based on how the crime was committed.
A personal offense is an offense to help protect the right of the body against rape, assault, or sexual abuse. Then there is property offense which is fraud, theft, criminal damage and robbery. The next term is participatory offenses. Accomplice, aid and abet is participatory offenses.
The fourth term is treason and espionage. Treason is the “violation of allegiance toward one’s country or sovereign, especially the betrayal of one’s country by waging war against it or y consciously and purposely acting to aid its enemies. “Any person who levies war against the United States or adheres to its enemies giving them aid and comfort has committed treason within the meaning of the Constitution. The term aid and comfort refers to any act that manifest a betrayal of allegiance to the United States, such as furnishing enemies with arms, troops, transportation, shelter, or classified information. If a subversive act has any tendency to weaken the power of the United States to attack or resist its enemy aid and comfort has been given.”
“The Treason Clause tracks back its roots back to an English statute enacted during the reign of Edward III (1327-1377). This statute prohibited levying war against the king, adhering to his enemies, or contemplating his death.”
Treason and espionage are similar. Espionage deals with spying and gathering information on government or a business. Espionage is an individual working undercover to gather information under a secret identity. Espionage has been around since the 13th and 14th century, and is usually associated with the military. “The Mongols relied heavily on espionage in their conquests in Asia and Europe.
The consequences of espionage varies, there are very strict laws dealing with this crime. If convicted of espionage, a person could receive the death penalty or imprisoned for life. “The Espionage Act, passed in 1917 after the United States entered the World War I, prohibited the disclosure of the government and industrial information regarding national defense. The act also criminalized refusal to perform military if conscript.”
The last offense that I am going to discuss is inchoate offense. Inchoate offense is the intent or seeking to commit another crime. Inchoate offense is crime such as solicitation, conspiracy, stalking, and mail fraud. One the major crime of inchoate offense is conspiracy, “Conspiracy is an agreement between two or more persons to break the law at some time in the future.”
“Federal conspiracy statutes were first passed in 1909. Under 18 U.S.C.A. § 371, it is a crime to commit an offense against or to defraud the United States or any agency of the United States. If the crime actually committed is a felony, the punishment is a fine of not more than $10,000 or five years' imprisonment, or both. Under 18 U.S.C.A. § 372, it is a crime to conspire to impede or injure a federal law enforcement officer.”
In my paper I have the discussed the five general categories of crime. As I discussed the categories of crime, I did a brief description of the crime, history, ranks terms of seriousness, consequences if convicted of such a crime and how each crime is tried in court. In America there are five general categories of crime and they are felonies, misdemeanors, offenses, treason and espionage, and inchoate offenses. References

Fernando Molina. New Criminal Law Review. Berkeley: Winter 2011. Vol. 14, Iss. 1; p. 123 (16 pages)
Jo Dixon. Criminology & Public Policy. Columbus: Nov 2008. Vol. 7, Iss. 4; p. 663
Schmalleger, F. (2011). Criminal justice today: An introductory text for the 21st century (11th Ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

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