...DNA Worksheet Crystal Noel SCI/230 25 April 2014 Frederick Carlisle, MS DNA Worksheet Answer the following in at least 100 words: 1. Describe the structure of DNA. * The structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains the biological instructions of making each creature their own unique species. DNA is made up of chemical blocks called nucleotides. These blocks are made up of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar group, and one of four types of bases (Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)) which is the biological instructions are contained in a strand of DNA (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2012). Each DNA contains instructions to produce protein known as a gene, which size may vary ranging from about 1,000 bases to 1 million bases in bases. DNA is formed in a two-step process in which the enzymes that read the information in a DNA molecules and translated into a messager ribonucleic acid (mRNA). 2. How does an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype? * An organism’s genotype determines its phenotype by the specific alleles which are alternative forms of the same gene that occupies the same location on a chromosome. There are two alleles (one on each chromosome in the pair) resulting one allele from your mother and one allele from your father. These alleles may be the same or may be different. From the different alleles of a gene serves as the same function but produces phenotypes depending on which set of...
Words: 420 - Pages: 2
...Associate Program Material DNA Worksheet Answer the following in at least 100 words: Describe the structure of DNA. 1. A DNA molecule consist of very long chains of monomers and polymers that are known as nucleotides. The grouping of the nucleotides into the polynucleotides then forms these two chains in particular which composes of DNA strain. The nucleotide is made up of a nitrogenous base, of sugar and of a phosphate group. In the DNA case, there are four nucleotides that are found along the DNA chain, the four nucleotides ate (T) thyme, (A) adenine, (C) cytosine, and (G) guanine. These four nucleotides are joined together by their covalent bonds, or more specific, the phosphates and the sugar, which composes the sugar/phosphate, back bone of the polynucleotide. 2. How does an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype? The genotype of the organism is the genetic make up of that organism, it’s the nucleotide base in the organisms DNA. The phenotype is considered the physical traits of the organism, which comes from the actions of various proteins. Structural proteins make up the structure of an organism and the enzymes catalyze the metabolic activities. Protein is not built by a gene, but it gives the instructions to do so in the form of RNA, which programs the synthesis of the protein. 3. Describe each stage of the flow of information starting with DNA and ending with a trait. Genes are what carry our traits thought...
Words: 318 - Pages: 2
...Associate Program Material DNA Worksheet Answer the following in at least 100 words: 1. Describe the structure of DNA. DNA nucleotide bases consist of a particular code and specific strands of this code are termed genes. A gene will code for particular proteins which will end in a specific trait. The base pairing in a DNA molecule is specific: Adenine always pairs with Thymine and Guanine always pairs with Cytosine. A gene segment from DNA will give the directions necessary to build a RNA molecule which finally can be translated into a protein. 2. How does an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype? An organism's genotype is its specific combination of alleles for a given gene and the phenotype is the physical indication of an organism's allelic combination. A trait is the acquired or inherited characteristics shown in a phenotype. * 3. Describe each stage of the flow of information starting with DNA and ending with a trait. * A sequential set of nucleotides in the DNA are transcribed into a molecule of RNA in the cell’s nucleus. Translation of the RNA into a specific amino acid sequence of a protein occurs after the RNA travels to the cytoplasm. “The molecular “chain of command” is from DNA in the nucleus to RNA to protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. The two main stages are transcription, the transfer of genetic information from DNA into an RNA molecule, and translation, the transfer of the information from RNA into a protein...
Words: 277 - Pages: 2
...Associate Program Material DNA Worksheet Answer the following in at least 100 words: 1. Describe the structure of DNA. The three-dimensional structure of DNA – the double helix – arises from the chemical and structural feature of its two polynucleotide chains. Because these two chains are held together by hydrogen bonding between the bases on the different strands, all the bases are on the inside of the double helix, and the sugar-phosphate backbones are on the outside. In each case, a bulkier two ring base is paired with a single-ring base; A always pairs with T, and G with C. In this arrangement, each base pair is similar width, thus holding the sugar-phosphate backbones an equal distance apart along the DNA molecule. To maximize the efficiency of base-pair packing, the two sugar-phosphate backbones wind around each other to form a double helix, with one complete turn every ten base pairs. 2. How does an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype? An organism’s genotype, its genetic makeup, is the sequence of nucleotide bases in its DNA. The phenotype, the organism’s physical traits, arises from the actions of a wide variety of proteins. Structural proteins help make up the body of an organism, and enzymes catalyze its metabolic activities. DNA specifies the synthesis of proteins. However, a gene does not build a protein directly, but rather dispatches instructions in the form of RNA, which in turn programs protein synthesis. This molecular...
Words: 564 - Pages: 3
...by applying theories to your own behaviour. In this assessment, you will submit three (3) out of six (6) tutorial worksheets as part of a portfolio. You must submit worksheet 1 and then choose any two (2) from worksheet 2 to 6. The tutorial program has been designed to assist your learning and is directly linked to this assessment. You should aim to attend most of the tutorials if you seek a good mark. Consumer Behaviour List In the first tutorial, you will be select ONE consumer behaviour from the list below that you have done in the last three months. You will then complete worksheets in the tutorials of weeks 2 – 7 on that consumer behaviour. Once you have selected a behaviour you cannot change as your assessment requires to submit worksheets on the same behaviour. List of Consumer Behaviours * Buying a PC/laptop/high-technology item * Booking/arranging/going on an overseas holiday * Selecting a university * Going to the movies * Choosing a restaurant for a special occasion * Evaluating and selecting a mobile phone plan * Choosing to do volunteer work * Buying a fashion item * Going to a concert * Changing a bad habit (smoking, reducing alcohol intake, getting fit, eating better) Assignment structure and requirements You must follow this structure, do not change the order of the content of the worksheets in any way as this may result in reduced marks. This assignment requires the use of first-person language. The total...
Words: 608 - Pages: 3
...DIPLOMA IN PRE-PRIMARY TEACHERS TRAINING MID TERM ASSIGNMENT ON COMMUNITY HELPER Topic: Community Helpers Subject : Environment Studies Level / Class : GRADE II No. of students : 16 Time : 40 mins Age Group : 6-7 years Teaching Aids : Flash Cards, Marker, VCD, Reference Book “Hello Earth” Aim of the Lesson: a) Main focus - To develop understanding in young learners about Helpers in our community and how they help us? b) General Aim - To develop listening and speaking skills. To enhance their knowledge about community helpers. To enhance the volume of their vocabulary. To develop memorization and imaginative skills. Concepts Introduced: a. Identification of Community Helpers. b. Tools used by Community Helpers. c. Work Place of Community Helpers. d. Dress up of Community Helpers. e. Dramatization of Community Helpers. Time Allotted | Activity Planned | Teacher’s Activity | Student’s Activity | Anticipated Problems (Teacher’s Point of View) | 10 min | Warm...
Words: 682 - Pages: 3
...Math 100 Review for Test III As college students, you are expected to be able to review on your own, and carefully manage your time. That is, the primary responsibility for mastering the material is your own. Here are some suggestions that may help in preparing for your first test. As listed in the Course syllabus, you may bring one sheet of self-prepared notes. You are cautioned that spending too much time searching through notes can be fatal. You should know the material well enough that only a quick glance at notes will suffice. A very good source for review is the Worksheets that you have been printing during the term. Printing one or two Worksheets each week is a good study skill. Click on Worksheet in the blue bar in Aleks. This will show the Worksheets and answers. You can also get ALEKS to suggest Review problems for you. Click on Review in the blue bar in ALEKS. You should see something similar to what is below. You should look over the list, and decide for yourself which problems you had trouble with and need to review. Clicking on any topic listed will bring you to Practice on that topic. This test will cover Chapters 5. There are 23 possible topics that were covered. I will certainly not ask a question from every one of these topics, but ... you should be prepared to answer questions on any of them. And there might be a review topic from the first two tests. Based on your work to date, I expect all of you to do very well....
Words: 269 - Pages: 2
...Website Planning Worksheet n o This worksheet can help you to lay a solid foundation for your web sit e. It will help define your goals along with setting a o o r t p r guidelines to make sure your website is complete and useful for your visitors. If you don't know an answer or feel like it e k m s r o w l a t e doesn't apply to you, then simply leave it blank. If you have any quest ions; please call and I'll be happy to help you Name Address r City State Zip Code Business Phone n Home Phone Cell Phone Description of your business c o s (One Paragraph) e [Type a quote from the document o or the summa ary of an inte eresting point. You can t position t the text box a anywhere in the document t t. Use the Dra awing Tools t tab to change the e formattin ng of the pull quote text bo ox.] Description of services c e , (Separated by commas) Example: Pizza, Restaurant, Take Out, Salads, Italian, Entrees, Pasta, a m p s e [Type a quote from the u e document o or the summa ary of an interesting point. You can t anywhere in the document t. Use the Dra awing Tools tab to change e position the text box a the forma atting of the p pull quote tex xt box.] 1 What is your "Motto· or ·Slogan"? Do you want people to: ☐ Learn more about your business or organization? ☐ Hire you to perform a service? ☐ Buy products from you...
Words: 1820 - Pages: 8
...Biology Worksheet 4.4 Protein Synthesis Worksheet Name: _____________________________ ________________ Per: _______ Date: 1. What are the four mRNA codons for threonine? ______________________________ 2. What are the six codons for serine? ________________________________________ 3. What are the amino acid sequences resulting from each of the following incomplete segments of mRNA? a. CGAGAAGUC _____________________________________________________ b. AACUCCAUG _____________________________________________________ c. UGGGGUAAG _____________________________________________________ 1 Biology Worksheet d. CCACUAAGU _____________________________________________________ e. GACCACACA _____________________________________________________ 4. Fill out the missing parts of the chart bellow. If there is more than one answer, please write all possibilities. Order of Triplet in DNA Order of Codon in mRNA Amino Acid Coded for in mRNA __________________ GAA ______________________ _ ____ GCA ___________________ ______________________ ____ __________________ UCA ______________________ _ ____ CCT ___________________ ______________________ ____ __________________ ACU ______________________ _ ____ GGG ___________________ ______________________ ____ __________________ UAA stop code _ CAT ___________________ ______________________ ____ __________________ AUC ______________________ ...
Words: 571 - Pages: 3
...ClarisWorks Student Worksheet LSM 6.3-5 Additional Activity: Switched at Birth! DNA Fingerprinting: An Application Although a rare occurrence, cases of babies switched at birth in a hospital have made the news in the past. Since an individual’s DNA sequence is unique, with the exception of identical twins, DNA fingerprinting is a reliable method used to determine the parents of a given baby. DNA fingerprints can be derived from restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis or using the polymerase chain reaction with variable number tandem repeats. In this activity, you will analyze the results of a DNA fingerprint conducted on three babies and three sets of parents to determine which baby belongs to which parent. Materials photocopy of worksheets ruler pencil Procedure 1. Compare the bands of each set of parents to each of the babies and determine which baby belongs to which set of parents. Line up the bands and illustrate which bands each baby inherited from its mother and from its father. Couple A M F Couple B M F Couple C M F Baby 1 Baby 2 Baby 3 Figure 1 DNA fingerprint data obtained from three sets of infants and three sets of parents (continued) Copyright © 2003 Nelson Chapter 6 Biotechnology 173 LSM 6.3-5 Analysis and Synthesis (a) Identify which baby belongs to which set of parents. (b) Explain why not all the bands in the mother’s or father’s profiles have a counterpart in the baby’s DNA profile. (c) List other examples where DNA fingerprinting could...
Words: 601 - Pages: 3
...Associate Program Material DNA Worksheet Answer the following in at least 100 words: 1. Describe the structure of DNA. A DNA molecule which is abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid is made up of very long chains of monomers and polymers that are called nucleotides. These two chains in particular which composes of DNA strain are then formed by the grouping of the nucleotides into the polynucleotides. The nucleotide is made up of a nitrogenous base, of sugar and of a phosphate group. In the DNA case, there are four nucleotides that are found along the DNA chain, the four nucleotides ate (T) thyme, (A) adenine, (C) cytosine, and (G) guanine. These four nucleotides are joined together by their covalent bonds, or more specific, the phosphates and the sugar which composes the sugar/phosphate back bone of the polynucleotide. 2. How does an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype? The genotype of an organism is the genetic makeup of that organism, it is the nucleotide bases in the organism’s DNA. The phenotype is considered the physical traits of the organism which comes from the actions of the broad variety of proteins. The body of an organism is made up by the structural proteins and the metabolic activities are catalyzed by the enzymes. The synthesis of the proteins is specified by the DNA. However, a protein is not directly built by a gene, but dispatches the instructions to do so in the form of the RNA, which in turn programs the synthesis of...
Words: 403 - Pages: 2
...BIOL 110 Principles of Biology Worksheet 7, Week 7 Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper and submit it to Dropbox 1 by midnight Central Time on Sunday. 1. What is the genetic material of organisms? 2. What are the requirements for DNA to be the genetic material? 3. Who can be credited with determining that DNA is the genetic material of living things? 4. What nucleotides are contained in DNA? 5. What is the difference between pyrimidine and purine bases? 6. State Chargaff’s rules. 7. What is the estimate of the number of base pairs on each human chromosome? 8. Describe the Watson-Crick model for DNA. 9. Explain the meaning of complementary base pairings. 10. What enzyme is required for DNA replication? 11. What molecules form the backbone of a DNA molecule? 12. What type of molecules does the genetic code in DNA produce? 13. Identify three differences between DNA and RNA. 14. What is the role of mRNA? 15. What is transcription? 16. What is translation? 17. What does it mean to say the genetic code is unambiguous? 18. What role is performed by transfer RNA? 19. If a DNA strand is represented by the bases: A-C-T-G-G-C what are the bases that will be included in the replicated strand? 20. If a DNA strand is A-C-T-G-G-C, what is the base representation that will be produced...
Words: 359 - Pages: 2
...DNA Worksheet REVISED Part1: Basic structure of DNA The nucleotide bases of a DNA consists of specific codes and particular strands of this codes are known as the genes. The genes codes for a particular protein which eventually be a specific trait. The pairing of the base in a DNA molecule is very specific. Adenine usually pairs with Thymine while Guanine normally pairs with Cytosine. A segment of a gene from DNA usually gives the necessary directions to build a RNA molecule and eventually translated into a protein (Simon, Reece and Dickey, 2010). Reason why DNA is referred to as a protein recipe DNA is referred to as a protein recipe because its molecules are made up of amino acid proteins which are in form of a long strand. The DNA structure is composed of codons. Basically, the DNA codes for RNA codon or a transcription which is used to form proteins which is the translation of the codon. Each group of tri-codons are then read by the ribosomes where for each group of 3 such codons, there is an amino acid. These amino acids are then bound together to make a protein chain. The complexity of a protein depends on the number and type of chains (Simon, Reece and Dickey, 2010). Part 2: Differences between DNA and RNA DNA is used for long-term storage of genetic information, transmission of genetic information so as to make other cells and new organisms and to transfer the genetic code to the ribosomes from the nucleus to manufacture proteins. On the other hand, RNA is used...
Words: 509 - Pages: 3
...Associate Program Material Dameon Andrews Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Worksheet Provide a list describing at least three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: 1. Prokaryotic cells are smaller in size and have simpler structures, whereas eukaryotic cell are bigger and have a more complex structure. 2. Eukaryotic cells have many types of organelles, whereas prokaryotic cells lack most organelles. 3. Prokaryotic cell have DNA, which is constructed in the nucleoid region. It is not enclosed by the membrane; the eukaryotic cells have DNA and are in the nucleus, which is enclosed by the membrane. Choose two internal structures of prokaryotic cells and three from eukaryotic cells and describe their function in your own words. |Cell Structures | |Structure |Function | |Golgi (Golgi complex or Golgi apparatus) |It is responsible for processing, packaging, and transporting synthesized proteins to | | |other parts of the cell. | |Mitochondrion |It the powerhouse of the cell and is job is to produce energy for the cell. | |Ribosome ...
Words: 264 - Pages: 2
...BIOL2103 Biological Sciences Laboratory Course Practical 3 Laboratory manual Isolation of nucleic acid and spectrophotometry Introduction: The ability to isolate and quantify nucleic acids accurately and rapidly is a prerequisite for many of the methods used in biochemistry and molecular biology. The concentration of DNA or RNA in a sample, and its condition, are often estimated by running the sample on an agarose gel. Such concentration estimates are semiquantitative at best and are time-consuming. For a more accurate determination of the concentration of DNA or RNA in a sample, a UV spectrophotometer is commonly used. Spectrophotometry uses the fact that there is a relationship between the absorption of ultraviolet light by DNA/RNA and its concentration in a sample. The absorption maximum of DNA/RNA is approx 260nm. The purity of a solution of DNA can be determined using a comparison of the optical density values of the solution at various wavelengths. For pure DNA, the observed A260/A280 ratio will be near 1.8. Elevated ratios usually indicate the presence of RNA. The A260/A280 ratio is used to assess RNA purity. An A260/A280 ratio of 1.8-2.1 is indicative of highly purified RNA. The 260/280 ratio below 1.8 often signal the presence of a contaminating protein or phenol. Alternatively, protein or phenol contamination is indicated by 230/260 ratios greater than 0.5. Workflow Time 2 days before the lab session During lab session 1:30 pm Task Cell...
Words: 842 - Pages: 4
