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Doctor

In: Business and Management

Submitted By vitozerilli
Words 1134
Pages 5
Christian Zerilli
Research Project
ILR 260
January 31, 2014
Amber Anaya

Project Introduction
Internet and new technologies have shaped the world and its history. While human kind is increasingly dependent on technology and internet, communication and jobs are being affected as the need of human interaction at local businesses is slowly phasing out. This research project will try to answer a fundamental question: how does technology affect jobs and communication?

According to Daniel Stockhaus, Editor Chief of Ligo.co.uk, individuals across the United States, as well as the whole world, are talking on the phone less than ever in history. In fact, the average phone call is now 50% shorter than it was 5 years ago (Stockhaus, 2009). Another impact technology has had on communication, is the fact that face to face interaction has decreased by 9%. All this data shows a downward trend in human communication, which poses threats not only to humankind but also to businesses and the way our world functions. The increasing reduction in human interactions is causing economists and experts in the job market to evaluate how this trend will impact job growth and the overall basics of human nature.

One of the experts who has spent many years in researching the relation between technology and jobs is David Rotman, editor and journalist for MIT Technology Review. According to an interview David Rotman conducted with Andrew McAfee and Erik Brynjolfsson, David Rotman has found that technology plays a big role in the automation of jobs, which result in less jobs and a society more dependent on technology and machines (Rotman, 2013, pp. 27-35). The author also reviewed how technology boosts productivity which consequently makes individuals wealthier, but at the same time it’s eliminating the need for many jobs skills which consequently doesn’t allow income to rise. David Rotman goes further in analyzing different productivity studies which demonstrated that a connection between the increase of technology in the workplace with the reduction of jobs skills required to perform a certain job. He concluded that while technology is creating some information technology jobs, many jobs are being replaced with machines and increasing the gap between tech-sawy and everyone else. Job growth has started to slow down drastically, while retirement age has been raised now to 67, and more teens are entering the workforce. According to David Rotman, job growth used to be 37.7% in the 1940s, and only 50 years later it has decreased to 19.8% (Rotman, 2013, pp. 27-35). The reason of why this information is crucial is because by the population growing job growth should increase at the same level in order for employment to be considered stable. However, according to the “job growth thru the decades” chart below, job growth has actually decreased by over 20% while the population has more than doubled since the 1940s. Job growth is essential to many economic factors such as the GDP, media income, non-farm payroll and other economic indicators that show the stability of an economy.

Figure 1. U.S job growth by decade. Data source: Technology Review, “Where are the jobs going”: http://www.technologyreview.com/sites/default/files/images/destroying.jobs_.chart2x910.jpg While job growth continues to be threatened by technology, communication is at the base of the threat itself. An expert in this field who has put together effective data to understand the relation between technology and communication is executive speech coach Lindsay Strand, who in her research, noted that communication has shifted from face to screen, meaning the drastic change of getting news on our smart devices instead of waiting for the local or national broadcast is just one of the examples of how individuals are so dependent to technological innovation. The finding from her study suggests that the way individuals communicate is constantly changing due to a direct relation with technology. (Strand, 2013, pp. 26(2), 4-4)
While why are communication and jobs directly related to innovative technology? According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 13% of the entire workforce is directly in contact with consumers, which entails customer service or better, face to face communication (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014). This large percentage of jobs, is being challenged by the need of technology interaction with each transactions which forces the consumer to use technology in order to complete the transaction they were wanting to do in the first place. Communication, therefore, is directly affected by technology which subsequently affects job growth in all lines of business. An economist who has been an outspoken critic of technology is George Papaconstantinou who has criticized how information technology has replaced low paying jobs such as retail and clerical, and is now focusing on other job markets such as financial services, law and medical. This restructure of the job market is causing a shift in the economic power of individuals which increases the gap between middle class and wealthy individuals. George Papaconstantinou argues that the progress technology has made, has created higher paying jobs although not as many as economist and labor experts thought (Papaconsttantinou, 1995, p.6). In conclusion, technology is revolutionizing the way individuals communicate and the overall job market. With the increase dependency of technology in the workforce and any business, the job market should be prepared for a decrease in workforce demand thanks to the alternative of technology. Technology is a great tool that has allowed advancement in the medical and financial fields, however it has also reshaped many essential components of human life such as communication and ultimately jobs. While the job market has changed drastically, shifting from construction jobs being primary to now engineering and information technology being the main avenues for jobs, communication has also followed this trend. The power of technology has made children and teens aware of technology at a very young age, while not expose them to the natural environment of communicating with other individuals. Just the fact that now most schools in the United States of America, require the use of laptops and tablets to complete assignments or even communicate with other students, is a sign of the technology advance that human beings are accepting of and will never go away, yet only decrease human interaction and most likely job opportunities.

References
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2014, January 8). Retrieved January 24, 2015, from http://www.bls.gov/ooh/office-and-administrative-support/customer-service-representatives.htm#tab-6
Papaconstantinou, G. (1995, June 1). Technology and jobs. OECD Observer, 6-6.
Rotman, D. (2013, July 1). How technology is destroying job. Technology Review, 27-35.
Stockhaus, D. (2009). Have phones killed the conversation? http://www.ligo.co.uk/blog/phones-killed-conversation-infographic/
Strand, L. (2013). Changing technology challenges effective communication. Nation's Cities Weekly, 26(2), 4-4.

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