...Theory? Inductive Reasoning v.s. Deductive Reasoning Leading Contributors to Quality Theory Dodge; Fisher; Shewhart; Deming; Crosby; Juran; Feigenbaum; Ishikawa; Taguchi; Conclusion Quality Management Evolution Lean Six-Sigma Evolution; Holistic Views of Quality Evolution Viewing Quality Theory from a Contingency Perspective Quality Theory Implementation Depends on ambient Environment 2 Understanding Quality Concepts 3/1/2014 Quality Theory Defining Theory Inductive Reasoning v.s. Deductive Reasoning 3 Understanding Quality Concepts 3/1/2014 Defining Theory A coherent group of general propositions used as principles of explanation for a class of phenomena. An example for quality theory Quality Improvement Worker Morale Proposition Explain Phenomena 4 Understanding Quality Concepts 3/1/2014 Induction v.s Deduction Induction Collect data and then find out general phenomena (Chs. 2 and 10) Deduction State hypotheses and assume models, and then collect data to support the statements. (Chs. 11-12) 5 Understanding Quality Concepts 3/1/2014 Leading Contributors to Quality Theory Dodge: AS Fisher: DOE Shehwart: Control Chart Deming: Application Crosby Juran Feigenbaum Ishikawa Taguchi 6 Understanding Quality Concepts 3/1/2014 Harold F. Dodge (1893-1976) Developed Acceptance Sampling (AS) methodologies in 1928 A form of inspection applied to lots...
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...Genichi Taguchi and Taguchi Methods - Practical, Rapid Quality Cohort 2, Wooshik Jung Taguchi methodology is concerned with the routine optimisation of product and process prior to manufacture, rather than emphasizing the achievement of quality through inspection. Instead concepts of quality and reliability are pushed back to the design stage where they really belong. The method provides an efficient technique to design product tests prior to entering the manufacturing phase. However, it can also be used as a trouble-shooting methodology to sort out pressing manufacturing problems. Here are some of the major contributions that Taguchi has made to the quality improvement world: 1. The Loss Function - Taguchi devised an equation to quantify the decline of a customer's perceived value of a product as its quality declines. Essentially, it tells managers how much revenue they are losing because of variability in their production process. It is a powerful tool for projecting the benefits of a quality improvement program. Taguchi was the first person to equate quality with cost. 2. Orthogonal Arrays and Linear Graphs - When evaluating a production process analysis will undoubtedly identify outside factors or noise which cause deviations from the mean. Isolating these factors to determine their individual effects can be a very costly and time consuming process. Taguchi devised a way to use orthogonal arrays to isolate these noise factors from all others in a cost...
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...Quality Management Systems – An Overview TQM ISO 9000 QS 9000 Lecture Objectives Total Quality Management defined Cost of Quality ISO 9000 and QS 9000 Tools of TQM Evolution of Quality Management Six Sigma Quality Mgmt Systems Taguchi DOE SPC Inspection 1930 1950 1975 1985 1990 1995 2000 What does the term Quality really mean? Quality is the ability of a product or service to consistently meet or exceed customer expectations Historical Summary Artisanship • Closeness of producer and consumer • One person/common purpose among tasks Industrial revolution • Long supply chains • Unskilled labour • Mass production • Uniform quality • Loss of understanding of purpose Eli Whitney and Henry Ford Consumerism a response Quality has emerged now as a business strategy Total Quality Management What does total mean? Entire organization; All products and processes; All aspects (management, design, control) Not a flavor of the month (i.e. typical management fad) – Long-term perspectives, Consider the Japanese The Quality Challenge Today's economic reality: Intense global competition for sales, profits, contracts and jobs. Competition equally challenging in manufacturing and service organisations. Emphasis on controlling people has not worked. The emerging strategy: Augment TQM with Six Sigma Why is quality so difficult to deliver? Ambient temperature, vibration, humidity, supply, voltage, etc. Labor Training level Control variables Points for temperature...
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...BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF SUPPLY CHAIN QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Article: International Journal of Production Research • This paper reports the result of a comparative study of quality tools and methods adaptation by operations and supply chain managers. • SCQM is defined as a system based approach to performance improvement that leverages opportunities created by upstream and downstream linkages with suppliers and customers. • Operation management is traditional been explained by some version of an ‘inputs-transformation process- outputs’ view of the productive capability of the firms. From Quality perspective, operation managers have focused on internal activities such as process control process improvement, product design improvement and design of experiment. As a result, more and more six-sigma improvement project evolved. • In addition experts like Deming have long emphasized importance of customers and supplier. • In this paper, it explored the difference between quality management practice of operation managers and each type of managers emphasizes supply chain managers, including what quality tools. Tool can here mean the method such as benchmarking, an approach to improving quality such as process improvement team (PIT) and leadership. Literature review and hypothesis development • Supply chain management has developed as a field from the integration of operations and marketing management. As a result, a linkage with upstream firms – which was once the...
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...Int. J. Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, Vol. x, No. x, xxxx 1 Six Sigma and Total Quality Management: different day, same soup? Bengt Klefsjö* and Bjarne Bergquist Division of Quality and Environmental Management, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden E-mail: Bengt.Klefsjo@ltu.se E-mail: Bjarne.Bergquist@ltu.se *Corresponding author Rick L. Edgeman Department of Statistics, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1104, USA E-mail: redgeman@uidaho.edu Abstract: For decades now TQM has been a dominant management concept for improving competitiveness and financial results. In recent years, however, TQM seems to have lost some of its nimbus with other concepts and approaches such as Lean Enterprise and Six Sigma launched and increasingly in vogue. The aim of this paper is to look at TQM and Six Sigma, their backgrounds, definitions and ingredients, and their similarities and differences to see whether the two concepts really are different dishes or contain the same ingredients in different proportions. Keywords: quality; Quality Management; Six Sigma; Total Quality Management (TQM). Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Klefsjö, B., Bergquist, B. and Edgeman, R.L. (xxxx) ‘Six Sigma and Total Quality Management: different day, same soup?’, Int. J. Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, Vol. x, No. x, pp.xxx–xxx. Biographical notes: Bengt Klefsjö is a Professor of Quality Technology and Management at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden...
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...to which a set of inherent characteristic fulfils requirements Degree – poor / good/ bad Inherent – existing in something as a permanent characteristic eg. Coal from India, Australia Characteristic – Can be Qualitative / Quantitative Fulfilling – satisfying / meeting the requirements Requirements – needs, wants ,desire Conformance to specifications - as per JOSEPH JURAN Quality – Customers’ perspective Fitness for use - as per PHILIPS CROSSBY: how well the product function supposed to be Quality of Design : Designing Quality characteristics into a product / Service for eg. Cars from Mercedes Benz and Ford Motors are equally ‘fit for use’ but with different design dimensions Machineries from England and Germany are rugged and robust design whereas Japanese machines are high performance with limited life span say, 5 years Quality is conformance to requirements - as per ISO 9000 It is a measure of the degree to which the product meets its design standards which may relate to materials, performance, reliability, time or any quantifiable characteristics The result of care – for eg. The sincerity of a housemaid A product or service free of deficiencies – food items in restaurants, cleanliness of dining area, free from bad odour,...
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...material? Borosilicate glass have very low coefficient of thermal expansion, very hard, brittle and difficult to machine micro holes. It has very wide range of applications. It is commonly used in construction of reagent bottles and in optical instruments. It has good mechanical as well as chemical properties than soda lime and Pyrex glass. Why we choose combined electrolyte? It gears up the electrolysis process. It increases the rate of MRR. 1.4 Objective of work The main purpose this project work is to examine the current machining process and increase the productivity by Optimizing, Modeling and Analysis of the process parameter and also to improve the MRR. The main intension of project is as follows To conduct the experiment using Taguchi orthogonal array (L27). To study the significant parameter and contribution by using ANOVA. To develop Regression analysis (RA) model predict output results. To develop Artificial Neural Network model (ANN) predict output results. To Compare the RA and ANN model results. To optimize the process parameters using Evolutionary algorithms (EA). 1.5 Scope of this Project Work The main scope of this project is to enhance the productivity by utilizing hybrid machining process. By using ECSM the fallowing points can be achieved. Improve the MRR values using the best parameter obtained from the main effect plot results. Effective utilization of the Optimization of process parameter by using evolutionary algorithms and find out the optimized...
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...© 1998 American Accounting Association Accounting Horizons Vol. 12 No. 4 December 1998 pp. 363–373 Financial Information and Quality Management—Is There a Role for Accountants? Leif M. Sjoblom Leif M. Sjoblom is a Professor at the International Institute for Management Development. SYNOPSIS: Different opinions exist with respect to the usefulness of financial information for operational decision making. While academics encourage the provision of accounting information on quality, few companies provide it. This article explores the usefulness (or lack thereof) of Cost of Quality (COQ) and quality-related financial information through the use of a survey and informal discussions and interviews with quality managers. Financial information can be used to flag quality problems, to select and prioritize quality improvement projects and to choose corrective action. The results suggest that financial information has a limited role in supporting these operational decisions. The limitations of current COQ systems, and the lack of relevant, reliable and timely financial information, are among the reasons cited for not using COQ. However, there is a perceived need for additional financial reporting in order to attract the attention of top management and to motivate managers. In order to make COQ more relevant to practitioners, future research must not only focus on improving and disseminating best practices, but also on the multi-disciplinary implementation process. Data Availability:...
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...บทที่ 11: การออกแบบการทดลองเบืองตน ้ บทที่ 11 การออกแบบการทดลองเบื้องตน (Introduction to Design of Experiment) 11.1 บทนํา พันธกิจที่สําคัญอยางหนึ่งขององคกรคือ การจัดการดานคุณภาพ และ ผลิตภาพ ซึ่งใน 2 ดานนี้ คุณภาพเปนตัว แปรตนที่สงผลโดยตรงตอผลิตภาพ คุณภาพจึงเปนปจจัยที่สงผลตอความสามารถในการแขงขันขององคกรทั้งระยะสั้น กลาง และยาว โดยปจจัยที่สงผลตอระดับคุณภาพคือ ความผันแปร (Variation) ซึ่งเปนสิ่งที่ไมแนนอน แตอาจคาดเดา ควบคุม หรือแมกระทั่งกําจัดไดดวยวิธีการทางสถิติ ดังนั้นการปรับปรุงคุณภาพของกระบวนการ หรือผลิตภัณฑ ไมวาจะ ดําเนินการดวยเทคนิคใดก็ตาม จําเปนตองมีเครื่องมือทางสถิติที่เหมาะสมในการวิเคราะห เชนการปรับปรุงคุณภาพดวย หลักการของซิกซซิกมา (Six Sigma) ซึ่งเชื่อวาปญหาของคุณภาพมีสาเหตุมาจากความผันแปรของปจจัยตาง ๆ ตาม สมการที่ (11.1) Y = f(x1, x2,…, xn) (11.1) เมื่อ Y แทนคุณลักษณะทางคุณภาพ ซึ่งขึ้นอยูกับคาของตัวแปรสุม X ตาง ๆ โดย Xi แทนคาของปจจัยที่เกี่ยวของกับการ ไดมาซึ่งหากตอ งการควบคุมคา Y ใหอยูในชวงที่กําหนดชวงใด ๆ โดยทั่วไปจะหมายถึงขอกําหนด (Specification) ของ กระบวนการหรือผลิตภัณฑ) จะตองมีการกําหนดระดับของ Xi ใหเหมาะสม คําถามก็คือเราจะทราบระดับที่เหมาะสมของ Xi เหลานี้ไดอ ยางไร การออกแบบการทดลองเปนเครื่องมือที่ใชเพื่อ วัตถุประสงคนี้ไดอยางมีประสิทธิภาพเมื่อผูใชมีความรู ความเขาใจอยางเพียงพอ ตั้งแตการออกแบบการทดลอง การทําการทดลอง การวิเคราะห การแปรผล และการนําผลไป ประยุกตใช ทั้งนี้เพื่อใหไดมาซึ่งผลิตภัณฑที่มีคุณภาพ ผลิตงาย มีความนาเชื่อถือไดสูง สามารถใชงานภายใตเงือนไขตาง ...
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...CHAPTER 4.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Quality – Has Many Definitions Evolution of Quality What Quality Gurus Have Said The Concept of Total Quality Management The Business Processes and Quality Vendor Quality Human Aspects of Quality World Class Manufacturing Bibliography Foot Notes 89 CHAPTER 4.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4.1 QUALITY – HAS MANY DEFINITIONS: It is true that Quality has a number of definitions. 4.1.1 Oxford Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary72 defines Quality as “The standard of something when it is compared to other things like it” This would mean that a process of comparison occurs in the mind of a customer before the quality is judged and decision made. Customers usually compare products or services with their past experience or the experience of their friends or family members before a judgment is made. This is normally how a common man looks at quality issue. 4.1.2 The Oxford dictionary also defines quality as “How good or bad something is” 4.1.3 The other definition and which is very short and common is “Quality is customer satisfaction”. This is defined by J. M. Juran 55 and adopted by ISO – 840271. This definition has a vast spectrum of “Quality” definition as each and every customer has his or her own perception of quality and therefore wide variation in the level of satisfaction. All the latest techniques of Quality Management are designed to take care of this aspect of satisfying every customer for the product or service...
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...ESD Working Paper Series Towards An Integration Of The Lean Enterprise System, Total Quality Management, Six Sigma And Related Enterprise Process Improvement Methods Kirkor Bozdogan Center for Technology, Policy and Industrial Development Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA USA 02139 Tel. 617 253-8540 bozdogan mit.edu ESD-WP-2010-05 August 2010 esd.mit.edu/wps ESD Working Paper Series Towards An Integration Of The Lean Enterprise System, Total Quality Management, Six Sigma And Related Enterprise Process Improvement Methods Kirkor Bozdogan Center for Technology, Policy and Industrial Development Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA USA 02139 Tel. 617 253-8540 bozdogan mit.edu ESD-WP-2010-05 August 2010 esd.mit.edu/wps TOWARDS AN INTEGRATION OF THE LEAN ENTERPRISE SYSTEM, TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT, SIX SIGMA AND RELATED + ENTERPRISE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT METHODS Kirkor Bozdogan # Center for Technology, Policy and Industrial Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA 02139 August 5, 2010 Key Words: Lean manufacturing; just-in-time-production (JIT); Toyota Production System (TPS); lean enterprise system; total quality management (TQM); six sigma; lean six sigma; theory of constraints (TOC); agile manufacturing; business process reengineering (BPR); enterprise change and transformation; evidence-based management practices Abstract: The lean enterprise system, total quality management, six sigma...
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...The Six Sigma Handbook Revised and Expanded A Complete Guide for Green Belts, Black Belts, and Managers at All Levels THOMAS PYZDEK McGraw-Hill New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-HIll Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-141596-3 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-141015-5. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george_hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all...
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...behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use, which might be made of the following information. The report does not represent any official position of the European Commission, nor do its contents prejudge any future Commission proposals in any areas of Community policy. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC 64900 EUR 24807 EN ISBN 978-92-79-20171-4 ISSN 1831-4155 doi 10.2788/87966 The report is online available at: http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/refsys/ Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Union © European Union, 2011 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged Design: sailer design communication, Meersburg, Germany Printed in Belgium Printed on recycled paper. 4 | PV Status Report 2011 PV Status Report 2011 | 5 Preface...
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...UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA SIX SIGMA MAKALAH diajukan sebagai salah satu tugas mata kuliah Manajemen Kualitas Terpadu yang diampu oleh Bapak Dr. Ir. Rahmat Nurcahyo, M.Eng.Sc. NAMA : TRISNA YUNIARTI NPM : 1406507114 FAKULTAS TEKNIK DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK INDUSTRI UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA 2014 KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillah atas kehadirat Allah SWT karena berkat segala rahmat dan hidayah-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas makalah ini dengan baik. Makalah ini merupakan salah satu tugas mata kuliah Manajemen Kualitas Terpadu yang membahas mengenai Six Sigma baik itu sejarahnya, konsep Six Sigma, tahapan, tools yang digunakan dalam six sigma, serta contoh studi kasus. Akhir kata semoga makalah ini bisa bermanfaat bagi pembaca pada umumnya dan penulis pada khususnya. Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam pembuatan makalah ini masih ada kekurangan untuk itu penulis menerima saran dan kritik yang bersifat membangun demi perbaikan kearah kesempurnaan. Akhir kata penulis sampaikan terima kasih. Penulis, Trisna Yuniarti ABSTRAK Metodologi Six sigma untuk peningkatan kualitas adalah sebuah sistem yang banyak konsep, tools, dan prinsip-prinsip yang dapat membantu perusahaan fokus pada pengembangan dan membuat produk dan layanan yang mendekati sangat sempurna. Hal itu berdasarkan pekerjaan statistik Joseph Juran, seorang Rumania yang lahir di US sebagai perintis manajemen mutu. Kata Sigma adalah huruf Yunani yang digunakan untuk area statistik yang mengukur...
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...part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Marina Jozipovic Typesetting InTech Prepress, Novi Sad Cover InTech Design Team First published July, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of...
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