...and out of an organization, have different attitudes towards many circumstances they face in life. With these attitudes towards an object or situation, whether positive or negative, the individual will have a set behavior for a certain circumstance, thus saying that behavior follows attitudes; which were assumed by researchers in the late 1960’s. But one researcher, Leon Festinger , argued that it is the other way around, that attitudes follow behavior and that people change what they say so it does not contradict what they do. Yet recent research, based on Festinger’s Moderating Variables, show how strong moderating variables tend to strengthen the link and prove that attitudes do in fact predict future behavior. Attitudes and behavior in this sense are intricately related. Managers must understand this complicated relationship in order to measure and determine job satisfaction and its relationship to employees’ job attitudes, involvement and satisfaction in order to optimum productivity. Attitudes are thoughts about a particular object in which then is reflected emotionally through an individual finally realizing a certain behavior. They reflect how we feel about something. Researchers have assumed that attitudes have three components which are; cognition component – the aspect of an attitude that is a description of or belief in the way of an attitude – affect component – is the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude and finally the behavioral component – which...
Words: 645 - Pages: 3
...document outlines this contract and provides a means for managing your team performance. To develop this team contract team members will need to negotiate team expectations by developing a shared understanding of how your team will be expected to function. To be effective, all members must explicitly agree to a set of norms for team behavior and procedures to address behaviors that fall outside the norms. Without a shared understanding, some members’ expectations may not be met, leading them to become disillusioned and de-motivated. As a result, team effectiveness will likely be diminished. Work teams often run into problems such as, members “free-riding,” failing to show up for or being late for meetings, failing to complete work, submitting work late, submitting work that doesn’t meet other members’ quality standards, and failing to communicate enough or appropriately in and outside of meetings. If/when you encounter these type of problems down the road, you will use the contract to address the problems and improve team functioning. Also, if developed properly and used to manage the team, the contract will prevent many problems from occurring in the first place. Each member must have a copy and a signed copy is to be submitted to me at the beginning of class on Tuesday, September 28, 2008. Part A: ____________________________(name) To be...
Words: 1663 - Pages: 7
...Environment and Behavior 2014, Vol 46(1) 70–101 © The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0013916512452428 eab.sagepub.com 452428EAB46110.1177/00139165124 52428Environment and BehaviorHowell © The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav 1 The University of Edinburgh, UK Corresponding Author: Rachel A. Howell, Centre for the study of Environmental Change and Sustainability, School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK. Email: r.a.howell@sms.ed.ac.uk Investigating the LongTerm Impacts of Climate Change Communications on Individuals’ Attitudes and Behavior Rachel A. Howell1 Abstract To assess the effectiveness of climate change communications, it is important to examine their long-term impacts on individuals’ attitudes and behavior. This article offers an example study and a discussion of the challenges of conducting long-term investigations of behavioral change related to climate change communications (a vital and underresearched area). The research reported is a longitudinal panel study of the impacts on UK viewers of the climate change movie The Age of Stupid. The heightened levels of concern, motivation to act, and sense of agency about action that were initially generated by the movie did not measurably persist over the long term. The results also show that behavioral intentions do not necessarily translate into action. Data analysis raised...
Words: 12801 - Pages: 52
...between an employee and his supervisor. The employee, Walt Henderson, works at WCC as a drafting technician. He has brought his personal project from home to work on during assigned work hours. His supervisor, a man, named Ken, feels that this sets a poor precedent for the other employees and reminds him that his actions are inappropriate. Walt counters this by commenting that he has not only already finished his assigned work, but also worked while home to finish other company materials. He feels that this should entitle him personal time at work since he gave up time at home for company work. This case study is an excellent example of how attitudes, mainly Walt’s toward his use of time, play an important part in actions, feelings, and behavior in the workplace. Attitudes at work, such as Walt’s about his use of company time both at home and at work, are evaluative statements about objects, people, or events in the workplace. In this paper, I will evaluate the situation at work concerning Walts attitude related to work, his boss, and his time spent at home and work. I will also evaluate Walt’s discourse in order to try to predict his future behavior at work. In conclusion, I will suggest alternative ways on how Walt’s supervisor, Ken, should handle the manner in which Walt’s attitude affects his performance at work. Walt’s attitude towards work is mainly negative, especially in terms of how he regulates his time. Walt feels that as long as he has completed his assigned...
Words: 1039 - Pages: 5
...Case: The OD Letters Problems Macro The macro problem of the company is the lack of commitment from the previous team leader of the XRS Laser group has affected the perception of the group throughout the company and has also resulted in poor results from this group. The project lead had a lackadaisical attitude and his actions promoted this type of attitude and behavior with his team, especially in completing projects. This attitude and his behavior was recognized by his group and they followed-up the same approach. Although John attended the company’s team leadership courses, perhaps the company did not enforce these behaviors and did not follow-up and conduct periodic audits. The company should not only coach relationships with their subordinates, they need to follow-up and oversee the effectiveness of these sessions from beginning to end (new paradigm). Micro Though the personnel in the XRS Laser group may be competent employees, the company needs to ensure that through placing a strong reliance on work teams means that the manger must also have the ability to help the team become more keenly aware of how it operates. Currently, the XRS Laser group is behaving under a group content and is displaying the attitude and behavior of their project manager, John. When the team is more aware of how it operates, it will be better able to analyze and solve its own problems. The company would not have to hire a new project manager (Ryan) to bring about positive...
Words: 900 - Pages: 4
...While our capacity for moral reasoning may have evolved for the purpose of informing our otherwise unjustifiable acts with a sense of objective certitude, it is not hard to imagine that this capacity, once evolved, would be capable of much more than simply rubber stamping mankind's collective genetic predisposition. In this paper, I will use the example of an evolutionary explanation against intentional killing for personal gain to argue for the existence of a disconnect between evolutionary biology and ethics. Ruse and Wilson might argue that human beings evolved with a genetic predisposition against murder for convenience. It is easy to see how this might be true. A person who kills others for convenience must live apart from society and apart from potential mates or else must be killed by society. This epigenetic rule �predisposes us to think that certain courses of action are right and certain courses of action are wrong (180).� These motivate ethical premises which �are the peculiar products of genetic history� and can �be...
Words: 1900 - Pages: 8
...close bonds. 19. Power - Does not want to look weak or lacking authority over others. 20. Achievement - Eager to help w/ goals and solving responsibilities/ taking challenges and working hard. Individual, would rather do it alone and in their own way. 21. E 22. B 23. G 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. F Key Terms: Achievement Motive Theory - Attempts to explain and predict behavior and performance based on a person's need for achievement, power, and affiliation. Agreeableness Personality Dimension - Includes traits of sociability and emotional intelligence Adjustment Personality Dimension - Includes traits of emotional stability and self confidence Attitudes - Are positive or negative feelings about people, places, issues Big Five Model of Personality- categorizes traits into the dimensions of surgency, agreeableness, adjustments, conscientiousness, and open to experience. Conscientiousness Personality Dimension - includes traits of dependability and integrity Ethics - are the standards of right and wrong that influence behavior Leader Motive Profile - Attempts to explain and predict leadership success based on a person's need for achievement, power, and affiliation Moral Justification - thinking process of rationalizing why unethical behavior is used Openness to Experience Personality Dimension - includes traits of flexibility, intelligence, and locus of control Personality - is a combination of traits that classifies an individual's behavior...
Words: 1697 - Pages: 7
...sophomore year in high school, I've been able to observe in a kindergarten classroom under the guidance of Mrs. Cookie Bodie. Through this experience, I've been able to watch her positive attitude towards herself, those around her, and the subject matter she was teaching. Her teaching was inspiring to me, and I am beyond thankful for the time I was able to learn from her. The most outstanding thing I learned from her was her approach to classroom management: never back down while under fire, and always remember your goal for the class. I will never forget the difference she has made in my life and the way she has influenced me to become a teacher. One of the important qualities of an effective teacher is her attitude. If...
Words: 1261 - Pages: 6
...suggests that we have an inner drive to hold all our attitudes and beliefs in harmony and avoid disharmony (or dissonance)” (McLeod, 2008). Issue 5: Does Cognitive Dissonance Explain Why Behavior Can Change Attitudes debates the cognitive dissonance theory with one of the authors challenging the theory by claiming that self-perception is a better explanation as to why people behave differently once they have acted outside of their norm as most people try to find some sort of consistency between their actions and their attitudes. Consonant and dissonant cognitions both affect the attitude on opposite ends of a spectrum. As with consonant cognitions the behavior matches the attitude and with dissonant cognitions have behaviors that conflict with their attitudes. One of the most powerful influences on attitude change is the motivation of people to maintain that consistency between their attitudes and behaviors. Although the cognitive dissonance theory is studied and utilized by psychologists all over the world, there are some who reject this theory and believe that self-perception is what enables people to decide on their attitudes, emotions, and behaviors because they are able to cast judgment upon themselves based on their behavior in different situations. Summary of both Arguments in Issue 5 Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) position in the current issue is that cognitive dissonance does explain why behavior can change attitudes. Psychologists Festinger and Carlsmith believe that...
Words: 1476 - Pages: 6
...Sexual Beliefs and Attitudes How people beliefs and attitudes affect the way they think about sexuality. People feel uncomfortable or embarrassed and find it difficult to discuss any subject about sex. Sexuality is made up of many things other than personal contact and sexual relations. Sexuality is an important part of who a person is and what she or he will become. Sexuality affects how a person thinks, feels, acts, and see others peoples. It affects how they see male and female. Sexuality includes the whole person and personality. Sexuality begin at birth and ends in death. It includes feelings about self-concept and self-esteem, how they feel about being male or female, and how well people get along with others. Sexuality deals with body image, affection, intimacy, pleasures, and relationships. People learn about sexual attitudes or beliefs at homes, churches, schools, and society. Religious individuals are much more resistant to utilitarian modes of thinking than their less religious counterparts. Most parents want to talk openly with their children about sexuality, but often they do not feel prepared to do so. Parents often question when to start having these conversations and what to say to their children, or how would be the best way to express their family values, beliefs and attitudes. When parents are open and talk about these topics honestly, they help their children develop respect for relationships and provide them with important information. Parents want to...
Words: 1139 - Pages: 5
...project from home to work on during assigned work hours. His boss, a man named Ken, feels that this sets a poor precedent for the other employees and reminds him that his actions are inappropriate. Walt counters this by commenting that he has not only already finished his assigned work, but also worked at home to finish other company materials. He feels that this should entitle him personal time at work since he gave up time at home for company work. This case study is an excellent example of how attitudes, mainly Walt’s toward his use of time, play an important part in actions, feelings, and behavior in the workplace. Attitudes at work, such as Walt’s about his use of company time both at home and at work, are evaluative statements about objects, people, or events in the workplace. In this paper, I will evaluate how the situation at work for Walt concerning his attitude towards work, his boss, and his time spent at home and work. I will also evaluate Walt’s discourse in order to try to predict his future behavior at work as well as comment on how Walt’s supervisor, Ken, should handle the manner in which Walt’s attitude affects his performance at work. Walt’s attitude towards work is mainly negative, especially in terms of how his time is regulated. Walt feels that as long as he has completed his assigned work, particularly before others, he should be able to use the remaining company time as he chooses. He feels a great deal of unfairness in the rule stating he abstain from both...
Words: 1020 - Pages: 5
...answers questions including why, how well and how. This section analyzes the topics learnt in class. It evaluates, interprets and analyzes attitude which is the main factor in social psychology (Smith & Mackie, 2000). Attitude refers to the global evaluations as well as learned characteristics of an object, a person, an issue or a place that influences actions and thoughts. They are the basic expressions that show approval or disapproval. They also depict non-favorability or favorability or likes and dislikes. Social psychologists as learned in class have often studies attitude as well as its structure. These include attitudes’ functions as well as the relationships that are between behavior and attitudes. General attitudes are not mean predictors of any given behavior mainly because people often act under the influence of a given situation. The most decisive factor is the point that attitudes are often central to people’s self-concept and therefore might lead to behaviors (Smith & Mackie, 2000). The article argues that research has played a crucial role in developing attitude. Researches on attitude show that there are distinctions between self-reported and traditional attitudes. Strong dislikes and dislikes on most occasions are rooted in people’s genetic make-up. Individuals are on most occasions disposed towards holding some strong attitudes. This is mainly due to sensory or inborn physical and cognitive skills. This can also be due to personality traits or forms of...
Words: 1225 - Pages: 5
...Khan, Pakistan. Bahaudin Zakariya University, Multan, Sub-Campus, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Tel: 92-331-3312626, Accepted 10 April, 2012 Motives are key to human behavior. It plays an important role in performance and other activities and as such the manager should know what motivation is and how subordinates can are motivated towards performance. This study investigates the role of motivation on employees’ performance as the history of explaining human or animal behavior is not new.” why did one do what one did “had been the subject of working even in the past, some human behavior was explained as an outcome of demos impedance and this explanation was unscientific. Efforts were also made to determine principles which could explain human behavior. McDougall emphasized that man’s social behavior can be explained in terms of instincts which was later on criticized. Freud used “unconscious metal process” to explain behavior especially in case of perversion, hallucination, dreams, obsession and anxieties. Attempts have also being made to explain human behavior in terms of rules following purposive model. Also end-state explanation such as need reduction, tension-reduction or homeostatic postulates is offered for behavior. Motives like drives, needs, instincts are also used to explain human behavior. Neither...
Words: 3951 - Pages: 16
...Journal of Vocational Behavior 66 (2005) 532–548 www.elsevier.com/locate/jvb Antecedents and consequences of reactions to developmental 360° feedbackq Leanne E. Atwater*, Joan F. Brett School of Management, Arizona State University West, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306-4908, USA Received 25 November 2003 Abstract This study investigated the factors that influence leadersÕ reactions to 360° feedback and the relationship of feedback reactions to subsequent development activities and changes in leader behavior. For leaders with low ratings, those who agreed with others about their ratings were less motivated than those who received low ratings and over rated themselves. For leaders with high ratings, agreement between self and other did not influence their motivation. Individuals with more favorable attitudes toward using feedback were more motivated following feedback. We found minimal support for hypothesized relationships between personality characteristics and reactions to feedback. LeadersÕ reactions to feedback were not related to the number of follow-up activities they reported, but were related to the degree of change in ratings over time. Ó 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Three hundred and sixty degree feedback, the process in which direct reports, peers, and supervisors provide anonymous feedback to recipients, continues to grow in popq This research was supported in part by a grant from the Society for Human Resources Management...
Words: 7820 - Pages: 32
...American culture and the values that are held dear by society have been shaped by visual entertainment media in a few ways. As America does not really have a royal family, many Americans are fascinated with visual entertainment celebrities. I belive Americans not only focus on what these celebrities do while in a movie or television show, but also what they do in their own lives creating reality television shows that are like Media take out that follow the every moment of celebrities or shows that follow particular individuals, such as Keeping up with the Kardashians. Also the visual entertainment media can have an immense influence what people drink, eat, buy and wear through advertisements, celebrity endorsements and product placements. We American’s values have also been changed by the interrelationship between culture and for visual entertainment media. For example, many Americans no longer sit around the dinner table to have a family meal, but instaed sit in front of the television while eating changing the family dynamic from one with communication to another focused on what programming is being shown. Also negative behaviors are encouraged through many television and films, such as promiscuity, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, rampant consumerism and violence. Also with social influence, there is a lot of debate as to whether visual entertainment media is positive or negative. It really seem to be very mixed between the two as there are plenty of shows that...
Words: 580 - Pages: 3
