...General Strain Theory: Robert Agnew At one point in life, every individual will experience strain. Theorist Robert Agnew tried to explain that when an individual experiences strain, he/she would feel a certain negative emotion or emotions. These negative emotions may lead a person to cope their strain through delinquent behavior. This paper will first summarize a recent crime on the news and it will also address Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory. The three situations that are believed to cause strain will be explained, as well as the five factors that can make it strenuous for a person to cope in a positive and legal manner. This paper will also discuss why Agnew would explain this criminal decided to commit the crime by giving examples of the individual’s (the criminal’s) environment, personalities, and relationships. Nelly Kantun worked for more than 20 years at the Domino’s Pizza located at 1644 E. Highland Ave in San Bernardino, California. She was the manager of the store when something tragic took place on February 12, 2014. According to a news website, The Sun, Nelly Kantun’s ex-boyfriend Pedro Enrique Duquesne, age 55, from Highland shot her once in the upper body when she was inside the Domino’s store; Nelly was then shot two more times outside of the store when she allegedly tried to run out. Police believed this incident was due to domestic violence. The 39 year old unfortunately died at St. Bernardines Medical Center in San Bernardino. She was well liked and...
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...Criminolgy Fall 2013 3 Major Sources of Crime Data Uniform Crime Report Officially reported crime Counts the # of offences known to police . (Doesn’t count the onest that are not reported (For example, Police Arrests) Crimes Reported Voluntary Participation Self Report UCR Part I Violent Crimes: Homicide, aggravated assault, property crimes, larceny, theft “serious crimes” Sean.007@umb.edu 9/10/13 Risk and Personal Safety Crime isn’t exploding The polls say it’s America’s #1 concern , new prisons, longer sentences. Film: Are we scaring ourselves to Death? What are some of the crime myths identified in the film. Crime Surge Particulary violent crime Old, white, women as victims of crime Stranger homicide Violenct Crime Facts National Commission on the causes and prevention of Violence Primarily an urban phenomenon Offenders are primarily males, youth ages 15-24 years minority, low SES individuals - Victims “...” Perpertartors are most likely to be acquantances Primarily committed by repeat offenders 6% for between 53% and 71% of violent crime. What year was this report published? 1969. Victimolgy Emergence: 1940’s Hans Von Hentig First person to really bring the idea of victim’s role in criminal events Victims precipitaton - idea that the victim brings on the criminal act Who is more likely to be victimized Victim- Offender Link Likelihood of vicitimization ...
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...that may happen in the future. People from all walks of life are upset about immigration policies and racial tensions are on the rise. So, what does this mean to the ones wearing blue? How does all of this relate back to police officers? Sherriff David Clark expresses himself by saying the following, “American law enforcement officers understand that race is and has been a heated issue in our country. Most appreciate the vital need for thoroughness and transparency in pursuit of the greater good in their actions and in their investigations (BrainyQuotes).” Although police brutality does happen, the media makes...
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...including social welfare plans, availability and ease of access to health services, formal education and job opportunities. Debates on how to handle this issue on political platforms is an enough illustration of the problems political leaders undergo in looking for a lasting solution challenged by increased pressure from court orders and rigorous financial crisis. It is therefore evident that it is much easier to have overcrowded prisons than it is to develop and implement effective and efficient ways to manage overcrowding in prisons. Overcrowding in prisons is a broad problem that is centered on issues of policies and crime research. These issues involve criminal sentencing, the role of correctional facilities and sentences, accommodation of prisoners with access to health care and rehabilitation services and causes of crimes. Moreover, issues of which crime attracts what sentence, prison budgets, economic hardships and criminal policies in determining the kinds of punishment are all attached to overcrowding in prisons. Overcrowding in Prisons is a challenging issue due to its complexity in determining how all these issues affect it. Lack of clarity on how various issues interact and under what conditions...
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...Functionalism, strain and Subcultural theories Durkheim’s functionalist theory Functionalism – society based on value consensus. Members of society sharing common culture. In order to achieve this, two things needed: - Socialisation – helps ensure individuals share the same norms and values. Shows the way to act. - Social control – rewards for conformity and punishment for deviance. Controls behaviour. Inevitability of crime – functionalists see crime as inevitable and universal. Every society has crime. Two reasons why crime and deviance are in all societies: - No everyone is equally socialized into norms and values. Some are likely to be deviant. - Diversity of lifestyle and values. Different groups have their own subcultures with distinctive norms and values. Some may see deviant acts as normal. > Durkheim says in modern societies there is tendency towards anomie. The rules for behaviour become weaker and less clear-cut. This is because modern societies have a complex division of labour meaning individuals become more different from each other. Crime is more likely. Positive functions of crime – it also performs two positive functions Boundary maintenance - produces a reaction from society, uniting members in disapproval of criminals and reinforcing their commitment to shared norms and values. Adaptation and change – all change starts with an act of deviance. There must be scope to challenge existing norms and values and this will seem deviant in the...
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...not currently prohibited. We intend to examine the economic effects that alcohol has on the economy and compare these findings with the hypothetical benefits of legalised marijuana. Analytically considering the reasoning behind its current illegal status, we will compare the negative externalities of cannabis against those of alcohol to determine whether there is logic behind the prohibition. The paper will look to settle disputes about the monetary incentives of a legal market by appraising both costs and revenue gains whilst simultaneously investigating the opportunity costs of the legal status of marijuana. This report will argue for the legalisation of marijuana by the United States government due to the ineffectiveness and excessive cost of prohibition...
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...example, one risks liver and heart failure in addition to a compromised brain, nervous system, and stomach. Alcoholism also has severe consequences to one's social life. It can lead to cases of domestic violence, loss of employment, marital conflicts, and isolation from family and friends. In order to control alcohol abuse, we have to be able to recognize the symptoms of alcoholism. By knowing them, we can quickly identify an alcoholic and take the necessary steps forward. Physical symptoms are the most obvious. They include incoherent speech, poor balance, delayed reflexes, blackouts or loss of consciousness, persistent stomach pains, nausea and vomiting, and redness of the face during and after periods of heavy consumption (Littrell, 2014). Increased abuse of alcohol results to more serious medical symptoms, which include expression of anger and other emotions especially in inappropriate places, participating in risky activities that have serious health financial and legal consequences, neglecting family and professional obligations, insomnia followed by oversleeping, and the inevitable loss of control over the amount of alcohol consumed. Excessive consumption of alcohol can ultimately cause death. One can drink so much alcohol reaching a level of intoxication that is life threatening. This puts a strain on the respiratory system causing it to shut down resulting in death. Alcoholism, however, is not a death sentence. An alcoholic...
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...offenders start with expensive gifts, lavish dates and surprise vacations. The victim is vulnerable, dependent, self-conscious, and intrigued at what the offender has to offer. A disproportionate amount of domestic abuse victims come from a broken home; some of the victims come from a sheltered life. Some victims never experienced true love, and some victims have already been subject to abuse before adulthood. There is no easy solution to domestic violence as its elimination requires changes in the very nature of society. Until people develop a sense of respect for others and recognition of the worth each individual, violence will continue and the weaker people of the community will largely be the victims. The offender often suffers from excessive alcohol addiction. Majority of offenders grew up in an abusive house hold. Offenders are obsessive compulsive individuals. They get a kick out of controlling others. The offender wants to feel a sense of domination. Some offende4rs are from well-kept homes and are used to having their way. Abuse is widely accepted in some families. Many people make excuses as to why a person is abusive....
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...Crime and Deviance Revision SCLY 4: Crime and Deviance with Methods in Context Sociology Department Greenhead College SCLY 4: Crime and Deviance with Methods in Context Remember: You have to revise everything, because you have no choice on the exam paper. The specification 1 Different theories of crime, deviance, social order and social control * Different definitions of crime, deviance, social order and social control * The distinction between sociological theories of crime and other theories (eg biological, psychological); crime and deviance as socially constructed * Functionalist theories of crime: Durkheim, anomie, collective conscience; Merton’s strain theory; manifest and latent functions; functionalist subcultural theories * Marxist and neo-Marxist theories of crime: classical Marxism, laws reflecting class interests; Neo-Marxism, hegemony, the CCCS studies, critical and new criminology * Interactionist theories of crime: labelling theory, the self-fulfilling prophecy * Feminist theories of crime: patriarchy, male control of women’s lives * Control theory and other contemporary approaches to crime: social bonds, communitarianism, situational prevention; postmodern theories; Foucault on individualisation and surveillance * Realist theories: New Left Realism and Right Realism * The relevance of the various theories to understanding different types of crime, and their implications for social policy. 2 The social distribution...
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...Crime and Deviance Revision SCLY 4: Crime and Deviance with Methods in Context Sociology Department Greenhead College SCLY 4: Crime and Deviance with Methods in Context Remember: You have to revise everything, because you have no choice on the exam paper. The specification 1 Different theories of crime, deviance, social order and social control * Different definitions of crime, deviance, social order and social control * The distinction between sociological theories of crime and other theories (eg biological, psychological); crime and deviance as socially constructed * Functionalist theories of crime: Durkheim, anomie, collective conscience; Merton’s strain theory; manifest and latent functions; functionalist subcultural theories * Marxist and neo-Marxist theories of crime: classical Marxism, laws reflecting class interests; Neo-Marxism, hegemony, the CCCS studies, critical and new criminology * Interactionist theories of crime: labelling theory, the self-fulfilling prophecy * Feminist theories of crime: patriarchy, male control of women’s lives * Control theory and other contemporary approaches to crime: social bonds, communitarianism, situational prevention; postmodern theories; Foucault on individualisation and surveillance * Realist theories: New Left Realism and Right Realism * The relevance of the various theories to understanding different types of crime, and their implications for social policy. 2 The social distribution...
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...Diane Labross 300-301-LA: Integration Seminar in the Social Sciences Tuesday, November 6th, 2007 The existence of vast imperial strength and its steady maintenance has always been attributed with a tyrannical system of government accompanied by an oppressive method of control over the native population from the days of expansion of the Roman Empire in Europe or the Qing Dynasty in China. The use of excessive force and the application of various methods of segregation which limit revolt have always been viewed as a necessary means to maintain order among enormous populations that inhabit regions all over the globe. The British Empire was able to utilize such methods during its extensive domination of the Indian subcontinent and reap the financial and material benefits from the mid seventeenth century with the founding of the East India Trading Company until the establishment of Indian independence in 1947. However, the use of these methods over many generations brought about the unified will to revolt among the Indian population, provoked by the negative psychological strain which stems from an extensive period of suppression. The discussion relates to the unvarying inability of an occupying nation to install a foreign government that attempts to preserve social stability over native inhabitants through means of force, violence and discrimination. The establishment of the British Raj in India ultimately produced dismayed sentiment among a native population and created a strong...
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...Effects of Alcohol on Society Halyna Strembitska Submitted to: Tarisa Matsumoto-Maxfield In fulfillment of course requirements for English 205 It is 11.40 p.m. on a Monday night and Darren is doing something he has not done for a very, very long time: staying sober. Darren is exactly 17years and 3 months old and a senior high school student. According the law, Darren can only take his first legal bottle of beer when he is in his senior year of college (at least at 21). But he is not the only underage American who drinks. In deed, an estimated 63 percent of underage high school and college students drink for at least one night per week. This prevalence, of course, comes with an array of harms, both to the individual and society at large. Adults are not spared either. Adolescents and teenagers grow up witnessing their parents and other adult relatives make toasts of champagne and wine at special occasions. Adults also casually enjoy several beers, say, at picnics. As it is, today, alcoholic drinks are as regular at business lunches in the same way they are at college fraternity parties. However, in spite of the fun and prestige associated with alcohol, and forceful arguments to the contrary, both underage...
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...who is applying for a job to state their personal attributes on their application as employers value a good set of traits, but it is important that the potential employee does not show any negative traits such as aggressive, lazy and arrogant. It is also important that the employee shows those traits and proves that they have them. There are some traits that employers value more than other traits but there are some traits that employers want to see in all of their staff these include: Leadership qualities: Leadership in the workplace is about responsibility. Leadership can often be mistaken for ‘being the boss’ and shouting at those who are ‘weaker’ than you, that is not the case. When it comes to the workplace leadership is about taking responsibility for your actions and the progress of your company, it is also about motivating others and directing your team. Leadership can be used to manage staff and to increase work productivity, the person should be able to take charge of situations and ensure that the task in hand is completed. An advantage of Leadership skills is that people with good leadership skills can make important decisions for themselves and for others, they can manage their time and other peoples time efficiently which makes sure that everything runs smoothly and the workplace does not become overwhelmed by work, another positive impact a person with good leadership skills is they will have the ability to solve a conflict and have the skill to communicate...
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...RADIMED Explaining and understanding the role of exposure to new social media on violent extremism. An integrative quantitative and qualitative approach Summary en kwantitatieve benadering/ Commissioners Promoter/coordinator Co-promoters Researchers Belspo FOD Binnenlandse zaken – Directe algemene veiligheid Lieven PAUWELS - UGent Fabienne BRION - UCL Brice DE RUYVER – Ugent Marleen EASTON - Ugent Nele SCHILS – Ugent Julianne LAFFINEUR - UCL 1 1. Introduction Research problem Worldwide, both policy and research pay a lot of attention to extremism, and radicalization as the process leading to extremism (Van de Linde & Rademaker, 2010). Scholars and policymakers increasingly focus on unravelling the processes of radicalisation, hoping to prevent the violent radicalisation of their own youth and eventually political violence (Van de Line & Rademaker, 2010). The Internet and its constant technological developments in particular are causes of concern (Conway, 2012). Recently, we have seen a boom in new social media (NSM) and other web 2.0 applications, bearing a large potential for communication and networking (Conway, 2012). These developments have transformed the world in an online village, with every offline actor being represented online. It is therefore no surprise that criminals, radicals, violent extremists and terrorists also use this medium to their advantage (Benschop, 2006; Stevens & Neuhmann, 2009; Weimann, 2004). By means...
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...English 1020 Peter Marra 12 November 2013 Marijuana – the Painkiller of the Future? Emerging research is changing the public perception of marijuana. What was previously considered to be a purely dangerous substance now has scientifically backed medical applications, with many new positive effects being found as more trials are being conducted. This begs the question, to what extent should the use of marijuana be legalized? Do we push the boundaries of revolutionary treatment, or do we stick to our old beliefs and shut the door on this emerging field of medicine? I believe that marijuana should be legalized for both medicinal purposes, as it provides treatment for many patients who suffer from a variety of ailments, and recreational purposes, as it isn’t dangerous like other decriminalized drugs. In normal bodily functions, inhibitory neurotransmitters (such as Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)) exist in the synaptic cleft, which is the gap between neurons. The neuron is the basic functioning unit of the nervous system. It is an elongated cell that’s purpose is to transmit messages from the brain to motor neurons, which allows humans to function. The messages travel via an electrical current from one end of the neuron to the other. These messages are then transmitted between the neurons in a pathway through the synaptic cleft – the gap between adjacent neurons – via chemicals called neurotransmitters. Dopamine is one of several neurotransmitters that causes the post-synaptic...
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