...Classical Conditioning Paper Jennifer Barzona PSY/390 April 23, 2012 Ricky Fenwick Classical Conditioning Paper When a response is formulated from one stimulus to another unlearned stimulus this process of learning is known as classical conditioning. The most noted theorist of classical condition is Ivan Pavlov for his work with dogs. By using classical conditioning an animal such a puppy can be taught to not chew on the couch when sprayed in the face with a water bottle. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist who discovered this type of learning while researching digestion, accidentally discovered classical conditioning. In classical conditioning learning is accomplished through experience by using a traditionally neutral stimulus to create a physical response. (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2009) While researching dogs Pavlov observed when food was present the dogs salivate in response. During his research Pavlov introduced a bell when food was presented and finally removed the food when the bell rang. Pavlov noted the dogs salivated when food was not present and the bell rang. Pavlov stated classical conditioning has four components: conditioned stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, conditioned reflex, and unconditioned reflex. A conditioned stimulus is learned through prior conditioning. An unconditioned stimulus is any stimulus causing a reaction without prior conditioning or learning. An unconditional response is an unlearned response...
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...Classical Conditioning Paper PSY/ 390 May 05, 2014 Professor Chelsea Hansen Classical Conditioning Paper Abstract: Throughout this paper a theory of classical conditioning will be described and detailed. A selected scenario in which I the writer was able to apply a classical conditioning theory. The description of the scenario will be detailed as well as demonstrated on a chart which was prepared in order to illustrate how someone would apply a classical conditioning theory to the selected scenario. It is important to remember that classical conditioning is a technique that is used in primarily behavioral training. Usually it is when a naturally occurring stimulus is paired with a responsive stimulus. Afterwards a more previously neutral stimulus is then paired with the more naturally occurring stimulus. The outcome is that the previously neutral stimulus comes in to evoke and the response is without the presence of the naturally occurring stimulus. The most common names given to the two following elements are known as the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned responses. Classical conditioning came to life through the hard work and dedication from the well world renowned investigations of Psychologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov Born September 14, 1849 in Russia knew from very early he loved the study of psychology and worked hard on focusing on the Classical Conditioning theory “Operant and classical conditioning are two different ways in which organisms come to reflect...
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...of the most important scientific observations ever in this chimpanzee. From a child she had always been told that humans and only humans used and made tools. She was amazed with what she had just witnessed with her own eyes, therefore doubting some information she had been told as a child. (Jane Goodall, 2010). This was the beginning of research on the human-chimpanzee relationship. There has also been a lot of research done concerning the elephant. Forty years of research has revealed the elephant also exhibit human like behavior. They communicate within their herds displaying many of the humanistic traits, expressing emotions such as flirting, anger and even some of the same parenting skills displayed in humans (Choi, 2011). The observation of the elephants from a distance, showed they display relationships similar to the human relationship They even display pain for their mate when they are in trouble. I know some people who have dogs and their dogs end up having the same type of personality as the owner. There are so many different breeds of dogs and many times people develop a misconception of the breed and feel a certain breed of the dog will act a certain way...
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...Yvonne Prutilpac English 102-056 Charity Ginerich Research Proposal The topic that I would like to research for the final research paper is the issue of ethics in regards to registering a pet to be a service animal. I am arguing that it is morally acceptable to get your pet registered as a service animal even when there are no known disabilities of the owner. I have some experience with this topic because I have a dog that I recently got registered as a service animal. I have no disabilities but was still able to get him registered by law. This is a very easy task to do and anyone is capable to do so. There are two obvious sides to this argument. One side is that it is morally acceptable for any animal to be able to get certified as a service dog; while the other is that it is wrong and could be disrespectful to get a pet registered when there is no disability. The common ground to this issue is that an animal should be registered as a service animal as long as it is well behaved and causes no harm to people or animals around it. “The term ‘service animals’ describes animals who render assistance of some sort to people with disabilities (Malamud). What if we all have disabilities of some sort? Because I am arguing that it is morally acceptable to get a pet service trained without having a disability, I hope to get my readers to realize that this could benefit people in many ways. Many animals provide services to people every single day even when they are not registered...
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...Issues in Criminal Justice Research Paper on Article 17 12/16/13 Police dogs have become a vital part of the police force. They are well trained, obedient dogs that, unlike humans, do not fear the daily challenges that are put upon them while on the job. Police units throughout the world use K-9 units. They are employed by many different police forces and by many different governmental agencies through out the world. Police dogs can search 400 to 500 packages in a half an hour. They can search a car every minute. When a dog searches a car the speed that a dog does it in saves time, when a human searcher could only do about one car every twenty minutes. Also, according to Canada Customs, in one year, 1993, the dogs searched 80,000 cars, 11 million packages and 6 million units of cargo. From this, they found 58,000 pounds of marijuana, 3,027 pounds of hashish, 18 pounds of cocaine, 29 pounds of heroin, 5 pounds of opium and 4.3 million dosage units of illegal prescription-type drugs. The combined value of all these drugs in 1993 was $192.5 million dollars. Throughout the years, dogs have been trained using natural scents as well as artificial scents; they continue to use this training by tracking people and substances in training drills and in real life situations, despite every on the job hazard. As man evolved, he began to use dogs to help hunt prey and search for food to be able to survive. However, as he became more civilized, he needed to use dogs for more than those three...
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...Next, the arguments of those who are against breed specific legislation of the Pit Bull breeds will be presented. One argument they present is that all dogs can attack and cause fatalities. Pit Bulls attacks are the ones that are published in the media and bring a bad reputation to their name. The cases of other attacks are not highlighted in the media, which is why most individuals feel that Pit Bulls are the only breeds who attack others. Also, the behavior of those who do attack are often influenced by other factors, such as the environment they were raised in. German Shepherds, Rottweilers, Jacks Russell’s, Spaniels, St. Bernard’s, and even Labrador retrievers have all been found to be highly represented in biting incidents (American Veterinary Medical Association). In defense of the higher amount of severe injury or fatalities being caused by Pit Bulls, there are other factors that need to be taken into account before the breed can be blamed. The breed may be popular in the victim’s community, and the dog’s treatment by...
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...submitted as an assignment elsewhere. [pic] Table of Contents Introduction - 2 - The initial consideration of what my vocation should be - 2 - An informed exploration of my vocation involves: - 7 - A critical reevaluation of the vocation I have ideated - 11 - A purposeful plan to help me achieve my vocational plan - 14 - References - 17 - Introduction The aim of this project is to envisage and test my vocation plan. In order to achieve that, in this paper, I will first conduct a close analysis of my vocation decision with reference to my personal profile. Afterwards, a relevant research including literature review and interviews of people who undertake similar professions will be carried out to examine if the vocation meets my expectation. Finally, after considering potential impediments and strengths, a strategic and purposeful plan of helping realizing my vocation will be made. It should be noted that finding one’s vocation could be a lifelong process. The vocation decided in this paper is based on the knowledge, experience and thoughts I possess at present stage. Therefore, the possibility of radical changing should be allowed. The initial consideration of what my vocation should be According to Weber, vocation refers to a commitment to a specialist area of work that the individual engages with in terms that almost equate with religious zeal (1958). Before I took this course,...
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...Cade Pendleton English 2010 Angie Carter June 14, 2012 Final Research Paper Man’s Best Friend: Dogs or Technology A few years ago I had the opportunity to job shadow a canine (k9) officer while he was participating in routine training with his dog. Little did I know, “routine training” meant all police canine officers in Salt Lake County, Utah County, and Davis County would assemble at an abandoned building and practice multiple real life scenarios. As I stood and watched in awe all night, I witnessed a few unsettling scenarios. First, I witnessed dog being released on command to attack a person acting as a criminal. The attack wasn’t the unsettling part about the scenario. What really bothered me was seeing the dog misidentify a fellow police officer as the criminal and attack the officer, who unfortunately was not in a bite suit. A bite suit is protective clothing the trainers wear when training their dogs to attack. Since the officer was not wearing protective gear, he suffered many lacerations and received multiple stiches. As the night continued, I was able to watch another training scenario involving Taser guns or stun guns. Unlike the dog, this technique worked flawlessly. The officer was able to take down the accurate perpetrator in a proficient manner and no fellow officers were injured. On this particular night, there was an accidental injury that doesn’t happen often involving the canine. However, this introduced a couple of questions. Does this happen frequently...
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...since the year 1919. I. Animal-Assisted Therapy A. Definition 1. Differences 2. The Heart B. In the Beginning 1. Thru the years 2. Documentation II. Deployment A. War Zone 1. SFC Boe and Budge 2. Trauma and Reassignment B. Lessons 1. Policy 2. Health III. Walter Reed National Military Medical Center A. Programs 1. Dog Tags 2. Warrior Transition B. Nonprofit 1. Qualifications 2. Benefits Abstract Information for this research paper was obtained by reading articles written for the U.S. Army Medical Department Journal, April-June, 2012. These articles were written about the use of canines by the military for Animal-assisted Therapy in the military. All articles are written either by men and women currently serving in the military or civilians working with the programs the military uses. The canines are used in a variety of settings from being used in a hospital setting to being used in the middle of a war zone. Animal-assisted Therapy is taken very seriously by the military and used on a daily basis to help our Soldiers. You will learn of the various...
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...Zarbo Engl 1121 13 Prof. Huebner Gloege Research Paper Draft 2 The Myths of Bully Breeds There is reason to believe that the bully breeds should be banned in America. Bully breeds are a category of dogs that consist of Bulldogs, Boxers Mastiffs, ect. I believe this opinion is unjust and completely ridiculous. The many breeds that fall into this category are many of the most popular breeds owned in homes across the country. These loving and loyal dogs are trying to escape the shadow of a bad reputation. In ancient Greece, the first category of bully breed was created. These strong headed dogs were called Molossers (Hart). Molossers are the ancestors of all bully breed dogs. They were larger dogs with thick muscular bodies, short necks and legs, medium sized diamond shaped ears, and short snouts (noses). Molossers were used for every day house guarding, livestock protection and also bull baiting. During bull baiting the dog would lay low to the ground, then when it had a clear shot, the dog would jump up and bite the bulls nose. The nose is the sensitive part of the bull. The bull would whip its head around and try to get the dog to let go. Many dogs were severely injured with broken bones and concussions but most dogs were killed. People back in this time found this amusing. Since the Molossers were used for bull baiting this is how they got the name “Bully Breeds.” The average dog in the category Bully Breeds, are larger dogs, although there are a few exceptions such...
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...FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TOURISM AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT Super Dog’s Gym & Training Center ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- A Business Plan Presented to the Faculty of the Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management Far Eastern University Nicanor Reyes Street, Sampaloc, Manila ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- BASAT, JOLINA BELLE C. HUANG, YA-HUI E. MATAYA, TRIZIAMAE D. PAREDES, CHIT JANSSEN A. TELAN, DERREN KRISTELLE J. October 2015 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TOURISM AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT APPROVAL SHEET In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE TOURISM MANAGEMENT, this business plan entitled “Super Dog’s Gym and Training Center”, prepared and submitted by JOLINA BELLE C. BASAT, YA-HUI E. HUANG, TRIZIAMAE D. MATAYA, CHIT JANSSEN A. PAREDES, and DERREN KRISTELLE J. TELAN, is hereby recommended for submission to the Oral Presentation. _____________________________________________ Adviser Approved by the Research Committee at the Oral Examination conducted on October 4, 2015 with the grade of __________ %. THE RESEARCH PANEL COMMITTEE ______________________________ Chairman ______________________________ ...
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...Health Alliance, 2013). Dogs are the most common household pets in Australia, which has approximately 4.2 million pet dogs (Animal Health Alliance, 2013). However, dog aggression is the most common pet dogs’ behavior problem and it causes a major public health problem in Australia (Voelker, 1997; Schalamon, 2006). According to the Annual Urban Animal Management Conference (2013), average 14,000 Australians are injured due to dog attack each year and about 1,400 of those injuries required medical treatment or hospitalization. Over sixty percent of dog attacks occurred at home, which means an owner or household-members have a higher possibility to be victimized in a dog attack. Over the last three decades, numerous of researches have been indicated that owner attachment levels and dog characteristics are the major factors leading to aggressive responses in pet dogs (Borchelt, 1983; Landsberg, 1991; Hunthausen, 1997; Hsu and Sun, 2010). Although these findings provide evidence for the link between owner-dog interaction and the aggressive behavior problem in pet dogs, surprisingly little research has examined the link between pet dogs-directed aggression in human and the controlling behavior in a relationship. To redress this imbalance, it is important to explore the connection between pet dogs aggressive behavior and domestic violence. Aims and Objectives The aims of this present study are to explore the connection between human directed aggression by pet dogs and controlling behavior...
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...Opinion paper draft People Should Not Keep Pets More and more people keep pets in recent years. From a broader perspective, people should not keep pets. This paper will clarify four reasons why people should not keep pets. The issue of whether should keep pets has been extensively debated and remains relentless. According to research, there are 29.8 percents of people who keep pets in China, nearly 50 percents of people keep pets in Europe, and almost 60 percents of people keep pets in the United States (Soltanizadeh 83-94). The topic of keeping pets becomes a international topic. With the increase of number of animals kept at home, more and more people stated that people should not keep pets (Soltanizadeh 83-94). In this paper, I will present arguments in support of the topic that people should not keep pets. There are three reasons. Keeping pets not only wastes resources, but also increase the risk of health of the animals and people. And it is a violation of animal rights. My counter argument is people should keep pets because it adds to the quality of life of both the owner and the animal. There are mainly three reasons why people should not keep pets. Firstly, keeping of pets results in a huge drain on resources that could be put to better use. (Rebekah 525-537). For examples, pets are costly to keep in time, money and energy. As well as the cost to owners in food, vet’s bills and the time spent cleaning and exercising. Secondly, keeping pets is...
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...The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)[2][3] is a subspecies of the gray wolf (Canis lupus), a member of the Canidae family of the mammalian order Carnivora. The term "domestic dog" is generally used for both domesticated and feral varieties. The dog was the first domesticated animal[4] and has been the most widely kept working, hunting, and pet animal in human history. The word "dog" can also refer to the male of a canine species,[5] as opposed to the word "bitch" which refers to the female of the species. MtDNA evidence shows an evolutionary split between the modern dog's lineage and the modern wolf's lineage around 100,000 years ago but, as of 2013, the oldest fossil specimens genetically linked to the modern dog's lineage date to approximately 33,000–36,000 years ago.[4][6] Dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs are also a source of meat.[7][8] In 2001, there were estimated to be 400 million dogs in the world.[9] Most breeds of dogs are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles. Through...
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...range of services, starting from a minimum standard price. Customer segments are considered from middle income groups to high ends for Spring Spa. 3. Place: Persona selects the places in Dhanmondi 27, Mirpur, Banani and Gulshan in Dhaka and in Panchlaish of Chittangong. The places are very convenient for the target groups and are in prominent locations of the cities. 4. Promotion: * Persona is mainly promoted through word of mouth. It is well known to the beauty lovers of the city and the CEO Kaniz Almas Khan is a celebrity make up artist which makes persona a very trusted name. * However, in the early stages it had promotional offers in 1st Boishakh and ads published in newspaper. Nowadays the ad is no longer to the news paper, rather places in special news features of the Booishakhi preparation tips of the Dailies and internal branding of the outlets. These are mainly discount offers: discount in complete make over for st Boishakh and this yer there was discount offer in hair rebonding. * Persona ties up with Gitanjali Diamonds as Persona Membership Card holders will get a...
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