...for this attack were not Al-Qaida terrorist trained in Yemen, but instead were two refugees who had legally emigrated here from border area of Russia and Chechnya. They were attending college and were seemingly assimilating into American life. Neither of the two men had ties to any terrorist group, but instead became self-radicalized through jihadist websites and learned how to construct improvised explosive devices on the internet; this has become a disturbing trend in domestic terrorism. Extremist’s websites have allowed Americans to become domestic terrorists, without any terrorism affiliation or training, through self-radicalization; teaching them how to construct weapons of mass destruction; and how to plan and conduct terrorist attacks. The persuasive techniques employed by extremist’s websites have been effective tools in the radicalization of Americans; the effects of these websites has been an increase of domestic terrorism plots and increase in the funding for terrorism. In the last six year ten domestic terror plots have been foiled and two have been successfully carried out. The would-be terrorists in all but one of these cases had become radicalized through viewing extremist’s websites and media reports about the wars...
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...Midterm What are the similarities between the Boston Bombers and DC Snipers (if any). The Boston Bombers and the DC Snipers have very few similarities between them. These few similarities include what type of terrorists they were, how they picked their victims, and how they both felt deprived which is what lead them to terrorism. While these similarities are not exactly the same, one could argue that they are close enough to group these two terrorist attacks in the same category of terrorism. The Domestic Terrorism and Homegrown Violent Extremism Lexicon defines domestic terrorism as “Any act of violence that is dangerous to human life or potentially destructive of critical infrastructure or key resources committed by a group or individual...
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...The History of Terrorism This comprehensive description for the history of terrorism analysis provides insight into the French and Russian revolutions expanding the terrorism knowledge to the Irish revolutionaries for political changes. The change of faces in terrorism activities shows as the left wing extremists slowly faded away with the collapse of the communism. The modern right wing extremist have an old history of using religious aspects as an excuse for killing innocent people to gain the political advantages. The future of terrorism takes a newer turn with the introduction for the weapons of mass destruction causing deaths of millions of innocents for the terrorist's statement, and mission. The development of the Department of Homeland Security and United States Patriot Act helped the Intelligence community, government agencies, and law enforcement departments provide viable information toward modern terrorism tactics. The fight for everlasting freedom becomes a combination of information resources working together toward the same objectives. Terrorism Phenomenon According to Jacqueline Carberry (1999), "the global terrorism phenomenon used for political aspirations, sometimes as freedom from oppression, and changing of governmental politics" (685). This phenomenon affects everyone in any city in the United States, and international world. The term terrorism has no boundaries or respect for the national and international world. Every government across the global community...
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...Domestic Terrorism Domestic Terrorism Domestic terrorism has continued to reemerge throughout history. From the late the birth of America to the present day 20th century, the threat of terrorism continues to be a fact of everyday life for millions of people. From the unsuccessful assassination attempt on President Truman to the topping of the Twin Towers in New York, the United States continues the war on terrorism, except this war isn’t abroad, but here at home. Armed with the latest technology, intelligence, manpower, and unrelenting intestinal fortitude, the most powerful nation in the world, continues to do what they can to eliminate terrorism (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2011). Terrorism is the use of violence to instill fear in a person or a group of people for ideological, religious or political reasons. Terrorist usually target public places or public officials. Their targets are something or someone who would get the attention of the people so that it could strike fear into the masses of people. Some of the public entities could be famous people, government buildings or monuments, or military members. This type of military tactics is known as guerrilla warfare strategy. Many experts agree that one person’s terrorist is another person’s freedom fighter. Experts also agree that random violence against civilians (non-combatants) is the type of actions taken by terrorists for achieving a political goal, on a scale smaller than full scale warfare. Political...
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...org/wiki/Counter-terrorism Counter-terrorism (also spelled counterterrorism) is the practices, tactics, techniques, and strategies that governments, militaries, police departments and corporations adopt to prevent or in response to terrorist threats and/or acts, both real and imputed. The tactic of terrorism is available to insurgents and governments. Not all insurgents use terror as a tactic, and some choose not to use it because other tactics work better for them in a particular context. Individuals, such as Timothy McVeigh, may also engage in terrorist acts such as the Oklahoma City bombing. If the terrorism is part of a broader insurgency, counter-terrorism may also form a part of a counter-insurgency doctrine, but political, economic, and other measures may focus more on the insurgency than the specific acts of terror. Foreign internal defense (FID) is a term used by several countries[citation needed] for programs either to suppress insurgency, or reduce the conditions under which insurgency could develop. Counter-terrorism includes both the detection of potential acts and the response to related events. Anti-terrorism versus counter-terrorism Further information: Detentions following the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack The concept of anti-terrorism emerges from a thorough examining of the concept of terrorism as well as an attempt to understand and articulate what constitutes terrorism in Western terms. In military contexts, terrorism is a tactic, not an ideology...
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...TYPOLOGIES OF TERRORISM Just as there is no one good definition of terrorism, typologies do not account for all forms of terrorism. Typology development in criminology and criminal justice scholarship seems to exist for the ease of teaching. Prof. Eskridge's Terrorism Page, from his course on terrorism out in Nebraska has some graphic examples of typologies, but it should be noted that typologies of terrorism are usually NEITHER motive-based NOR behavior-based, like they are in other areas of criminological study, such as the areas of profiling and street crime (the exception being Hacker's typology of terrorists by traits, included below). This is evident from the following examples commonly found in textbooks and/or in the strangely confused way the media reports what is going on in times of terrorist-related crisis or war (Hess & Kalb 2003). In the following typologies, notice in the headings how the types are classified in different ways. |Terrorism Classified by Place | |1. Domestic -- by residents of a country within that country | |2. International -- by representatives of a country against another country | |3. Non-state -- extremism and revolution for its own sake | |4. State-sponsored -- by a government against its own people or in support of international | |terrorism against...
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...Terrorism Terrorism: A general definition Terrorism is the deliberate and organized use of violence against the state. The single important objective behind the act of terrorism is to create fear and spread insecurity among citizens of the state. By striking the unarmed and hapless citizens, terrorists aim to disrupt governance. Such attacks show the government in poor light. i.e. as one that cannot guarantee security of life and property, one of the most basic function of the state. In Angels & Demons, Dan Brown writes: “terrorism is not an expression of rage. Terrorism is the political weapon. Remove a government’s façade of infallibility, and you remove its people’s faith”. Types of Terrorism There are three types of terrorism. They are (a) State Sponsored Terrorism. (b) State Terrorism. (c) Organizational Terrorism. (a) State Sponsored Terrorism is always directed against another state, often by proxy, with the aim to destabilize it. A good example to drive home this idea is Pakistan sponsored terrorism against India. (b) State Terrorism is directed against a State’s own citizen. The reason could be numerous, chief among is the tussle between majority and minority group (both demographic and religious). A case in point is the 1994 Rawanda Genocide where majority ethnic Hutu tribe militia butchered nearly 8 lakhs Tutsis in 100 days of carnage. (c) Organizational Terrorism is used by groups to realize divergent aims including political, social, and economic...
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...The overall purpose of this paper is to divulge the evolution and brief history of terrorism that threatens the United States. Terrorism; A word to often used and displayed in our modern day society. Terroristic acts are seen all over every media source today. Over and over new reports seem to play about what threats we as American citizens such watch out for, but very little is known to why such heinous acts of selfishness terrorism are continuously being committed. What motivates so much hate, anger, and lack of value on other human lives? Is it race, religion, or money? One thing for sure is the common denominator and that is death. “A better understanding of the motivation of terrorists and their reasons for selecting certain modes and targets of attack can help improve the decisions to allocate resources in the fight against terrorism (Richardson, 2006 p1).” Racism; One greatly proclaimed motivational reasons for terroristic acts in the United States, but to truly have better understanding of terroristic evolution it is always best to start from the beginning. As far back as the record shows in United States history acts of terrorism is nothing uncommon. From the lynching throughout the entire South to the little talked about 1921 race riot attack on Greenwood, Tulsa, Oklahoma. During that horrible racial fueled attack by the Ku Klux Klan (aka KKK terrorist group) and members of the Oklahoma National Guard, more than 300 African American lives were lost within sixteen hours...
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...Justice Terrorism has never been in the States; only in third world countries. Since 9/11-2001 is has been a reality and ongoing nightmare and hit close to home. The attack on the World Trade Centers in New York was a wakeup call. United States has been on high alert ever since, waiting for the next possible Terrorists attack. This paper will explain why terrorism is a law enforcement concern as well as how terrorism is considered a crime. At last the paper will state some recommendations that the American Criminal Justice should do, to better prepare for future crimes. Why is terrorism a law enforcement concern? In the Criminal Justice System law enforcement is one of the agencies that are dedicated to enforcing the laws as well as maintaining order, and control crime within the community. Law Enforcement police officers are the most visible representative of the government in American society; therefore police agencies are responsible for a wide variety of services (Fagin, 2005). Some of those responsibilities include traffic enforcement, accident investigation, patrol and first response to incidents, property crime investigation, violent crime investigation as well as investigating deaths and murders (Fagin, 2005). In other words law enforcement agencies are the ones that physically interact with the community most of the time. After the attack that happened on September 11th on the WTC and the Pentagon, “the criminal justice system assumed new roles on terrorism” (Fagin...
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...Throughout history America has constantly been fighting a war against domestic and foreign terrorism. There have been many attacks on American soil and one of the best known attacks killed 2,759 and injured 8,700 innocent civilians. After this particular attack many Americans were left feeling unsafe, angry and were riddled with questions. Two of the most important questions asked were: What is America doing to foil these attacks? Is there enough security in America? In the article “The Futility of Homeland Defense” the author, David Carr, argues if it is futile to attempt to close our insecure country. Carr believes that it doesn't matter what type of security plans we impose because terrorists will find a way around them. This can be seen when Carr writes “When one target is shored up, nimble transnational cells that can turn on a dime simply find a new bull’s-eyes”. He is describing how once America clears up one potential threat the terrorists will just turn around and find a different way to attack. With this Carr says that it is futile and that there is no point in putting more effort into further protecting America’s borders because terrorists are extremely driven and will find a different way. I, however, do not agree with Carr’s argument. Although I do agree with the fact that it doesn’t matter what we do, terrorist will continue...
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...Terrorism has no internationally agreed-upon definition, but essentially, terrorists are ideologically motivated and use violence against civilians to create panic and fear, in hopes of changing policies or laws. While there is no international definition of terror, there are many different types, and the following will demonstrate the dizzying array terrorist practices. Firstly there is civil disorder. It can range from protesting legally to illegally lambasting the government. Different countries allow for different levels of dissent, but in some peaceful assembly is considered terrorism. Truly destructive forms of terrorism are political, quasi political, and religious. Political terrorists attack in hopes of changing policies, usually in reference to color, creed, or profession. Quasi political terrorism is the use of terrorist tactics for personal gain. For instance, taking a hostage is terrorizing someone, but it is not an action designed to enact wide scale change. Lastly, religious terrorism focuses on proliferating ones belief at the cost of others. Overall, terrorism is unjust and cruel; we must take stand against it. Terrorism flies in the face of diplomatic process, purposefully disrupting peace and safety in order to achieve a goal. Many terrorists consider a mission successful if hundreds of helpless, innocent women and children lie bloody in the street. A popular terrorist attack is to set off a relatively small bomb, and kill say, 30 people, and detonate a far...
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...American Military University Miltary Strenght at our Borders A Research Paper Submitted to by Manassas, West Virginia Date Submitted 28 June, 2012 Military Strength at our Borders As todays military currently winds down from actions in Iraq, Afghanistan and other lands where the current war on terror is being fought they face a downsizing that will return thousands home looking for new employment options. Every one of these individuals whether enlisted or part of the officer ranks have sworn to protect the Constitution of the United States from all enemies, foreign and domestic. If not taking the fight to the terrorist in their own lands, what better place to protect the Constitution, freedom and security of the people of these United States than along the land borders, ports and coastline. The utilization of increased military support for the protection and securing of the U.S. borders can increase security, eliminate or delay military cutbacks, and provide a much need stabilization force in support of Department of Homeland Security Operations. As the United States continues the assiduous task of creating a secure border while maintaining legal cross border-flows a simple concept of numbers must be considered. With approximately 7,000 miles of land border and 2,000 miles of coastal borders an appraisal of current and required manpower and logistic must be applied (Mason. 2010 / pg1). Based on the Congressional Research...
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...Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence by a person or group. The goal is to intimidate or coerce societies or governments in an effort to promote political or ideological beliefs. These attacks can take many forms, and could happen at any time in any place. Terrorists typically exploit weaknesses, and may use technology, hazardous materials, biological agents or other methods to create devastating disruptions to the community. Terrorism thrives on fear. By planning how to respond to a terrorist attack, you can greatly improve your chances of survival. You can also lessen the impact of the attack by reducing the fear in the aftermath. Community Involvement As Chief of River City, my first priority would be to protect the citizens of River City. Attacks can be expected to provide maximum negative effect on the following levels: emotional, food, water, health, financial, infrastructure, leadership and the very function of society. Because it is impossible to know in advance which of these areas will be impacted most heavily in the event of a terrorist event, the best course of action is to make individual preparation in the areas where you are able to do so. For example, a supply of food that is easily stored means you aren't dependent upon stores that may or may not be available at the local supermarket. The same thing is true of a water supply. The citizens would be encouraged to stock up on bottled water. The Supply of bottled water could be crucial in the event...
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...What is Terrorism? By: James Morris Terrorism Terrorism is political phenomenon by which offenders threaten or use violence on civilians with the intent of exploiting fear. It can be defined as substitute classification of political violence. A quote by Sloan (2006) states “Terrorism is intentional violent acts carried out by nonstate actors against noncombatants with the purpose of effecting a political response.” In our society, the term terrorism is a method or strategy to effect political change in an area. Terrorism can be seen as crime, exploitation of fear, and a form of warfare (Lutz, 2005). Since the 1700’s, history has always kept record of the different types of violence our world has faced. And with terrorism it comes with consequences. (Sloan, 2006). A quote by Moghaddam & Marsella (2004) says “It is usually perpetrated by groups utilizing warfare, due to the fact that they are unable to gain advantage while using conventional methods.” Terrorism as Crime The relationship between the terrorism and crime are both equally considered as wrong doing. Traditionally, within the legal system of the United States, domestic terrorism is treated as a criminal act (Bender & Leone, 1986). It is directed toward civilians for the purpose of inducing fear, dread, and terror. Lutz states (2005) “The focus would be on collection of evidence that would be used in court to prosecute those accused of threats or acts of terrorism.” In a sense, all terrorism can be...
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...Oluwaseyi Mat. No.: 11/sms11/017 Dept.: Intelligence and security studies Submitted to: Dr. Bodunde Question: America has no peace, it only manages peace. Evaluate this statement with particular reference to the international system. ABSTRACT The topic of terrorism is quite complex. It is complex because it combines so many different aspects of human experience, including subjects such as politics, psychology, philosophy, military strategy, and history, to name a few. Terrorism is also emotive both because experiences of terrorist acts arouse tremendous feelings, and because those who see terrorists as justified often have strong feelings concerning the rightness of the use of violence. Terrorism is not a new phenomenon in human experience. Violence has been used throughout human history by those who chose to oppose states, kings, and princes. This sort of violence can be differentiated from what is termed as terrorism. Violence in opposition to a government is often targeted against soldiers and those who govern. Terrorism, however, is characterized by the use of violence against civilians, with the expressed desire of causing terror or panic in the population. Terrorism is not unique to the 20th and 21st centuries. Terrorism existed in 18th century revolutionary France during the reign of terror, as well as among the Zealots of Palestine in opposition to Roman rule some 2000 years ago. Today, terrorist activity can be found in Israel, Indonesia, United Kingdom, Sri Lanka, Colombia...
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