...Unit 2 Project: Preventing Domestic Violence Against Women Mark Ramos Kaplan University CM220-03 Professor Amanda McCleary August 14, 2012 Preventing Domestic Violence Against Women The “Big Idea” I have decided to tackle is Prevention of Domestic Violence Against Women. My working thesis statement is Domestic Violence is a serious issue nationwide and women are at greatest risk of becoming victims of this form of abuse. Therefore, the only way to break the cycle of domestic violence is to take action; the sooner the better.” I believe my topic is extremely relevant to the present day context. With the necessary research and past experiences I plan to acquire, I hope to develop an effective essay wherein I put up a convincing argument for my reader. To start with, I will research many reliable online sources such as VAWnet.org, an National Online Resource Center on Violence Against Women, which contains resources relevant to research on domestic violence including Applied Research Documents, data sets, research and evaluation tools, fact sheets, research reports, and other publications that provide an analysis, critique and/or review of current related issues (VAWnet.org, 2011). I will look to the Kaplan library’s extensive database to find articles on case studies and statistics of the actions taken against the abusers. I will also be interviewing a few people in my family and friends circle who have been victims of such a heinous act and...
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...Classic noir films reinforce the myth of the private eye; a hard-boiled detective, able to restore order, solve the crime, and ensure justice prevails. Chinatown challenges this myth, reversing genre and stylistic conventions through the protagonist Jake Gittes, a private eye unable to control the crimes his sleuthing unveils. Gittes dresses stylishly in crisp white suits, differing from the trademark trench coat and fedora of his stylistic predecessors, and enters the film with an air of confidence. However, Gittes’ plush chambers and immaculate suit mask an essential vulgarity, betrayed Gittes pleasure in the racist joke about Chinese love-making (Spicer 2001, p.139). Although Gittes is a competent detective, he is forced to confront his own limitations, failing to protect the victims of the narrative and watching helplessly as the criminal remains at large. “As saviour and restorer of the moral order, he is a complete washout, a genre first” (Hirsch 1999, p.151). However, while less capable and...
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...years these criminals have been met with a variety of different punishments. All of these punishments have 4 fundamental justifications in mind when punishing a criminal they include retribution,rehabilitation,deterrence and incapacitation. A 5th concept has made its way into these justifications for punishment and that is the concept of Restoration or Restorative Justice. This concept started to gain popularity through the 70s and 80s and has since progressed into becoming part of the criminological vernacular and is now studied and theorized by many academics worldwide. Throughout this essay the meaning of “Restorative Justice” will be broken down and explained as well as talking about its effectiveness with tackling different forms of crime and whether or not it has a place in the future of Criminology. In particular the application of Restorative Justice to intimate partner/family violence will be explored. Restorative justice is quite complex as it does not hold one meaning or definition but instead incorporates a range of different concepts that assist in achieving justice (K Daly, H Hayes 2001). Very basically it is a form of justice that tends to move away from traditional forms of punishment such as jail and monetary fines and instead focuses a lot more on the relationship between victims and offenders. It works on rebuilding and repairing these relationships so that victims can attempt to move on and even perhaps forgive the offender for what they have done. Conferencing...
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...The nature of crime in Australian society is diverse and its occurrence fluctuates over time (Makkai & Prenzler, 2015). This essay will firstly discuss and define the concepts of crime and violence. Secondly, it will define violent crime from a contemporary Australian legal perspective. It will then examine the overall nature of crime in Australia describing its categories and sub categories. Fourthly, the essay will establish the official agencies who collect and collate data that measures the nature and extent of crime in Australia. It will finally use this data and empirical evidence to compare the extent of violent crime with crimes that are non-violent. The essay will ultimately conclude by asserting that the majority of crime in society is not violent in nature. Crime is a complex phenomenon that attracts a variety of definitions (Ransley & Prenzler, 2015). The varying definitions of crime provide broad or limited meanings and are all, to a greater or lesser degree, problematic. This is because crime is socially constructed; thus what is considered a crime, or no longer considered a crime changes over time to comply with the norms, attitudes and expectations existing in society at a given historical period (Brookman, 2005; Howitt, 2012). Violence is also a socially constructed concept that lacks a specific definition (Indermaur, 2000; Papalia, Thomas, Ching & Daffern, 2015), however, in the broadest sense, violence, is typically an action or type of behaviour that...
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...the victim, offender, and the criminal justice system, but it can also involve connections between social movements and many forms of human rights violations (Stevens, 2003). Victimology was born in the 1940’s after two criminologist from Europe named Von Hentig and Mendelson, also known as the fathers of victimology began studying victims of crimes. Their theory was that the victim’s behavior as well as their attitude was the cause of the crime to be committed. During its birth, the focus of victimology was on how the victims were equally responsible for certain crimes with the offender (Carson, 2009). By the 1960’s the focus of victimology shifted towards the rights of victims due to movements such as the Civil Rights movements and the feminist movements. From the 1970’s to the 1990’s victimology turned towards ways to stop future crimes from happening, help victims of crimes to become organized and empowered, and to better understand the population of victims. Today, crime victims still remain the focus of victimology. However, victimology has drastically expanded to include victims in many areas such as terrorist attacks, hate crimes, discrimination, war, and genocides. Additionally, there is also a focus on how to treat behaviors of the victims due to victimization so that the victims can return...
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...The label of the ‘Vengeful Victim’ was introduced as it was believed that a victim’s sole purpose of reporting their crimes to the Police was in a hope that their offender would be punished, particularly by imprisonment or another form of harsh punishment. Recent research has suggested that this is no longer the most desired outcome the victim wishes to achieve, with procedural justice being the most important aspect of the victims Criminal Justice process. Procedural Justice suggests that both parties (the victim and the offender) are to be treated fairly and consistently. Murphy and Barkworth (2014) have portrayed procedural justice by the following main ideas; Respect, Trustworthiness and Voice, with other researchers such as Miller and...
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...Police Storefronts Essay Lue Banks GCU Organizational Behavior and Leadership in Criminal Justice Home JUS 515 Prof. Vivian December 09, 2015 Police Storefronts Essay During the 1980s and 90s in response to the rising crime and the lack of police manpower, improvements were called for, community policing, “broken windows” policing, “pulling levers” policing, problem-oriented policing, hot spots policing, third party policing, evidence-based policing and Compstat. Police really hate change especially police departments, when it comes to implanting new programs. In the inner-city residents is trying hard to stay “street cred” in order to curb violence. The violence is all about drugs and money, the base cost of this is poverty, disrupted families, lack of opportunity and hopelessness exacerbate youth violence. Homicide was on the rise within poor African American neighborhoods and the leading cause of death among young men. Big cities like White Plains, New York are a typical example with all the downtown developments, where the rich hang out with the poor, where gangs flourished. The FBI conducted a study on violent crimes and between 2005 and 2006, crime increased across the United States. In 2006 violence exploded in White Plains, a fatal gang-related stabbing in March, a fatal shooting in May and in September 2 youth involved stabbings, all occurred in the heart of downtown. During the White Plains Experience the first session consisted of the Youth-Police Initiative...
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...In the traditional study of crime, women have generally been perceived as disregarded and discriminated in the criminal justice system. Various stereotypes and assumptions about females in the criminal justice system, saw feminist perspectives challenge the theories, concepts and assumptions of those involved in the study of crime (Bryant, 2014). This essay begins by firstly providing a brief description and its origins, how feminist theories causes crime, how its theory defines crime, the multiple feminist perspectives within feminism and how feminist criminology attempts to combat crime. It will then discuss the relevance and how feminist theory influences the criminal justice system, such as women’s role as professionals, as well as women as offenders and victims (Schram & Tibbetts 2013, p. 285). Finally, this essay will examine the applicability to Australian society by exploring if the suggested causes of crime apply to Australian society. It will lastly draw on the criticisms of feminist criminology and how the different types of feminist perspectives lessons the relevance of this theory in Australian society. Outlining the theory Feminist criminology first developed in the 1960’s and 1970’s which was closely associated with the emergence of the Second Wave of Feminism (White, Haines & Asquith 2012, p. 143). The Second Wave of Feminism saw the advent of many issues such as social, political and material inequalities (White, Haines & Asquith 2012, p. 143). Because men...
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...Concerned citizens of the United States believe that guns are to readily available and believe restrictions should be put in place to prevent these guns from falling into the wrong hands. In this essay I will discuss this argument and reveal the reasons that there are legitimate restrictions on gun ownership. I will start with how background checks keep guns out of the hands of people with a felony on their record. The gun control act of 1968 following the assassinations of President John F. Kennedy, Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and Sen. Robert F. Kennedy, Congress passed this law prohibiting convicted felons from possessing firearms. It also required licenses to trade in guns and created procedures to track serial numbers and control imports (www.keyt.com). Many will say that this helped reduce gun valance in America because after the gun control act of 1968 handgun violence dropped by 37% the next year (http://www.saf.org/LawReviews). The real reason behind the drop was the fact that during that year handgun production dropped, resulting in the drop in violence not the new law. Therefore the fact that valance dropped cannot be totally contributed to the gun control act of 1968. The 2.4 million new handguns entering the market in 1968 were a less than 15 per cent addition to the total domestic supply. Therefore the fact that gun valance dropped cannot totally be contributed to the gun control act of 1986. The next point I want to make on this subject is the Assault weapon ban...
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...119-3F Documented Expository Essay 4th April, 2012 Crime in the Bahamas On the 6th April, 2011, shock waves were sent throughout the Bahamaland after the report of a brutal massacre of Nellie Brown-Cox. It is alleged that this crime was committed by her common law husband (Bahamas Press, 2011). This murder was a result of domestic violence, which is a crime that is committed among many residents in the Commonwealth of the Bahama Islands. Crime is ubiquitous, but can be alleviated if the necessary steps are applied. To further explain, certain aspects of crime can be evaluated by explaining the types of crimes, theories and reasons people commit crime, the effects of crime, and the solutions needed to minimize crime in the Bahamas. According to a definition used in a Civics class, crime is an act punishable by law, and within the Bahamas crimes are committed just about everyday. Though there are several different types of crime, the predominant ones in the Bahamas is robbery, domestic violence, sexual assault/rape, and murder. Firstly, robbery in the Bahamas is becoming increasingly popular lately especially with opening of the numerous Cash for Gold stores. Many persons are being robbed by criminals of gold such as chains, bracelets, anklets etc. to trade them in for money. There are many different types of robbery such as; armed or aggravated robbery, carjacking, and highway robbery or mugging. Secondly, Domestic violence is another type of crime that is enormously common within...
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...changes in the police response to domestic violence however there are still many areas that need improving. The purpose of this essay is to analyse the relative response made by the police to crimes of domestic violence by examining the theories and statistics from the study of various criminology scholars as well as scrutinising the impact of any changes or improvement that may have since occurred in policing. The Government defines domestic violence (DV) as "Any incident of threatening behaviour, violence or abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional) between adults who are or have been intimate partners or family members, regardless of gender or sexuality." This includes issues of concern to black and minority ethnic (BME) communities such as so called 'honour killings' [homeoffice.gov.uk]. In analysing the adequacy of police response to domestic violence, it is vital to firstly understand the scale of abuse against victims of DV. Several statistics, such as Stanko’s study in the year 2000, found that police in the UK received one call every minute for support concerning domestic violence. According to Dodd et al (2004), only 40.2% of actual domestic violence crimes are reported to the police. Moreover, 20 incidents of DV may have occurred before it is reported [Walby and Myhill, 2000]. As of 2005, 17% of all reported crimes were of Domestic Violence (Nicholas et al). What's more, even though the concept of domestic violence is not targeted at a particular...
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...Short essay on crime against women Although, women may be victims of all kinds of crime, be it cheating, murder, robbery, etc., yet the crimes in which only women are victims and which are directed specifically against them are characterised as "crime against women". Broadly, crimes against women are classified under two categories: (1) Crimes under the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which include seven crimes: (i) rape, (ii) kidnapping and abduction, (iii) dowry deaths, (iv) torture physical and mental (including wife battering), (v) molestation, and (vi) sexual harassment, and (vii) importation of girls. (2) Crimes under Special and Local Laws (SLL), which include seventeen crimes, of which the important ones are: (i) immoral traffic (1956 and 1978 Act), (ii) dowry prohibition (1961 Act), (iii) committing Sati (1987 Act), and (iv) indecent representation of women (1986 Act). It is equally important to clarify the concept of 'violence' against women. If we take 'violence' as "conduct which incurs the formal pronouncements of the moral condemnation of the community," or "deviation from conduct norms of the normative groups", the scope of cases of 'violence against women' becomes too broad. Narrowly, the term 'violence' has been applied to "physically striking an individual and causing injury" (Kempe, 1982; Gil, 1970), to "the act of striking a person with the intent of causing harm or injury but not actually causing it" (Gelles and Strauss, 1979), to "acts where there...
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...This essay will discuss the sociological imagination and social construction. It will offer insights of problem families and will look at it from a feminist theory and functionalism theory it will discus oppression and the impact on social institutions and underpin social work practise and the relevance. Charles Write Mills was an American Sociologist. His most famous was The Sociological Imagination, where mills states that personal troubles should become issues of the public. (mills books) By sharing these personal troubles with society will help a person realise they may not be alone and others maybe going through the same thing for example if a husband with his wife and children loses his job and is struggling to find another one. By...
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...Rafat Sawaged ENG 090 04/21/2014 Argumentative Essay First Draft Capital Punishment “Death Penalty” For the worst crimes, life without parole is better, for many reasons. I’m against the death penalty not because of sympathy for criminals but because it isn’t effective in reducing crime, prolongs the anguish of families of murder victims, costs a whole lot more than life in prison, and, worst of all, risks executions of innocent people. The death penalty keeps the population safe by providing a deterrent for crime. Without the death penalty, the consequences for committing murder are not as feared. According to an essay by Professor Jeffrey A. Fagan, “executions [do] not only deter murders” (Fagan 1) with the death penalty in use, many criminals would think twice about committing a crime. Without the fear of capital punishment, many would-be criminals become actual criminals. “The death penalty diverts resources from genuine crime control measures. Spending money on the death penalty system means: * Reducing the resources available for crime prevention, mental health treatment, education and rehabilitation, meaningful victims' services, and drug treatment programs. * Diverting it from existing components of the criminal justice system, such as prosecutions of drug crimes, domestic violence, and child abuse. * Emergency services, creating jobs, and police & crime prevention were the three highest rated priorities for use of fiscal resources. ...
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...convicted. This essay will explore the fundamental reasons as to why there is such difference between crime rates concerning men and women. It will also analyse theories from different sociologists including Carlen, Heidensohn and Lombroso. The statistics show how recorded crime comes predominately from males. This type of research reveals that males are responsible for approximately four know offences for every one committed by women, they are more likely to be repeated offenders as well as committing, in general, more serious offences. It also found that men are many times more likely to be found guilty of cautioned for offending. For example, men are 50 times more likely to be convicted for sex offences, approximately 8 times more likely to be found guilty for robbery and drug offences, and 5 times more likely to be convicted for violence against a person. Otto Pollack (1950) argues that official statistics regarding gender and crime are misleading, arguing that they do not account for the true extent of female criminality. He suggests that there are a number of crimes that females are more likely to commit than males. He states that nearly all shoplifting offences and criminal abortions are committed by women, suggesting that these types of crimes are not accounted for in official statistics due to them being less likely to be reported to the authorities. Pollack also argued that a large proportion of unreported crimes were carried out by female domestic ‘slaves’, and...
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