Free Essay

Domestic Violence Specialty Court Analysis and Effectiveness

In: Social Issues

Submitted By lewisjames100
Words 2175
Pages 9
Domestic Violence Specialty Court Analysis and Effectiveness
What is the leading cause of injury to women? It is domestic violence not rape, not car accidents, not muggings. Domestic Violence statistics are so bad that they do not even look real. A women is assaulted every 9 seconds, three women are murdered due to domestic violence and between 3- 10 million children witness domestic violence every year. Domestic violence is so apart of culture that 1 in 5 teenage girls are threatened by their boyfriend when she suggests breaking up with him. The worst part of domestic violence is that over half of all victims never contact the authorities or shelters for help. (“Domestic Violence Statistics”) Since money has and will always be a major part of domestic violence s courts, domestic violence costs more then 37 billion dollars a year when you add up law enforcement costs, medical and mental health treatment and lost productivity at companies. (“Domestic Violence the Stats”) Domestic violence specialty courts aim to solve the growing issue in this country. These courts want to lower recidivism rates, and make more women and children safe. The courts have supporters and people who are against them, but these courts are so new no one really has the authority to judge one side or the other. I have decided to look into how affective these courts are and if they are helping keep more people safe and helping offenders become valuable and good members of society.

Before I go into my finding I want to make it clear that I am for domestic violence courts and that the data I found did not make or change my opinion. I am interested in this topic because I have witnessed domestic violence first hand and will never forget what I had witnessed. What my family member went through was very similar to what women around the United States experiences everyday. She was assaulted, went to the hospital and lied to authorities saying she just “tripped”, and was too scared to do anything because she did not have the financial recourses to remove herself from the life she married into. Being a male who has witnessed these acts multiple times I am already more likely to abuse people I love in the future, something that is terrifying. With every problem solving court the question is “Do they work?” Domestic Violence courts are no difference, but you cannot just look at one statistic and make that judgment. All problem solving courts were formed to hold offenders accountable for their actions, increase case efficiency, reduce recidivism and save money by keeping people out of jail. Domestic Violence courts are still young so there is not a lot of quantitative data, but still enough to make some basic conclusions. While looking into “Do they work” it is also important to hear from people who have been through these courts, and the judges running them.

Domestic Violence courts want to increase the overall efficiency of the criminal justice system. Typically these courts are run by one or two judges, and these judges become specialists in Domestic Violence. By forming Domestic Violence courts cities hope that fewer cases are dismissed and the processing time is decreased so judges can hear more cases. Prosecutor Erica Lord from Kanawah West Virginia noted that “Before, defendants would come in and if the victim wouldn't show up at the hearing, they almost felt entitled, like they knew their case would be dismissed. And, with the amount of cases, it was standard practice, unless it was an extremely serious case, those cases would get dismissed if the victim didn't appear. That's not happening anymore." West Virginia like every state has a Domestic Violence problem; in 2010 14,880 cases were filed. An even more polarizing figure is that one third of all homicides were related to domestic violence. By holding hearing more cases the state is able to hold the offenders accountable, and for the first time ever offenders with multiple domestic violence charges are finally seeing some jail time and getting enrolled in anti-battery programs. (White)

Case processing’s times generally decreased after domestic violence courts were implemented throughout the United States. San Diego had a 74 percent reduction of days to disposition, dropping from 57 to 15 days. Similar results were shown in Minneapolis, Manhattan, and Milwaukee. More recent data from New York shows that their average case processing time decreased from 260 to 197 days. Improving case efficacy shows that domestic violence courts are fulfilling one of the overall goals of improving case efficiency. In New York 75 percent of courts said improving case processing time was a very or extremely important goal. (Cissner, Kambriola, and Rempel)

Recidivism rates for domestic violence courts are not like most other problem solving courts, they are not significantly declining or there is not enough data yet to show a trend. In the early 2000’s Quasi- experimental evaluations found that some courts had declines in recidivism and others did not. San Diego had a decrease from 21% to 14%, one year post conviction. Milwaukee showed a decrease from 23% to 14%, one year post disposition. New York experienced an increase of 4%, 18 moths post disposition. This research is older, and is hard to judge because the comparison groups are different, and some are measuring re arrests while others are measuring victim reports. Looking at the study of New York domestic violence courts in general the research found that there was no significant difference in re arrest rates. The study done in 2012 found that over three years domestic violence court offenders and normal offenders were both re arrested 48% of the time. A same three year study of convicted offenders shows that domestic violence court offenders were re-arrested 46 percent of the time compared to 49 percent of the time non domestic violence court offenders. Since domestic violence courts aim and are achieving more convictions, you could make the conclusion that there is a small positive impact. (Cissner, Kambriola, and Rempel)

Even though there is not a lot of data to support recidivism rates of domestic violence courts, support is still high. The in depth study of New York domestic violence courts is the only one out there, so judges around the country still see positives coming out of their own courts. Judge Elizabeth Hines from Ann Arbor, Michigan says “I think all of us absolutely believe that we’ve saved lives and have, in fact, made a huge positive difference. In terms of statistics, that’s our weak link, but I can certainly tell you stories.” She brings up how a un named judge from New York thinks that numbers really do not matter she shows support for the courts by saying “I personally think it’s very difficult to decide how you measure success. You can look at recidivism; I think very few people come back. You can look at domestic homicide, which I believe we’ve reduced. Definitely fewer cases are dismissed. And I think there’s much more satisfaction at the end of a case among both defendants and victims.” (Hines) In Salina Kansas prosecutor Jennifer Wyatt thinks in the future the batterers’ intervention program could help recidivism rates, and Judge Brenda Stoss supports the program because “nothing the court system has done in the past has been successful in addressing this problem.” (Mathews) These testaments to domestic violence courts and the programs that accompany them are just a few of the many out there. While the data may not be very positive right now there does not seem to be major concern that significant improvements are not being made.

Offender accountability is a top priority for problem solving courts across the country, but especially domestic violence courts. Domestic violence courts across the country (79%) rank accountability as extremely important, with 100 percent ranking it as very or extremely important. (Pichard-Fritsche et al.) Judges make the offenders constantly re tell their story and use the victim’s name as a constant reminder of what they have done. This scene from the Waterville, Maine district court was re told by staff writer Amy Calder “The offender said he knew it was wrong to push her, but it's not like he jumped on top of her and started hitting her. His comment drew more criticism from his peers, who said he was minimizing his actions.” Offenders are held accountable by constant monitoring, having to attend court on a frequent basis and are frequently enrolled in intense battery intervention programs. (Calder)

One big difference between domestic violence courts and other courts is that the victim is important. The top priority of courts across the country is victim safety, 83 percent of courts listed this as extremely important. In order to fulfill this goal 79 percent of courts have victim safety advocates. These advocates can accompany the victim to court, help with safety planning, explain the criminal justice system to the victim, help with housing referrals and much more. (Pichard-Fritsche et al.)
The two studies I mainly focused on, the statewide evaluation of New York domestic violence courts and the national portrait of domestic violence courts both pointed out the differences between domestic violence courts. Courts across the country do not follow the same model, on a positive note though it can provide some knowledge on what is working and what is not. A big difference between courts was the focus on rehabilitation. According to the national portrait report only 27 percent of courts put that rehabilitation was an important goal, that number was 19 percent in New York and 53 percent elsewhere. Could this be a reason for not a big change for recidivism rates in New York? The New York study found that “those domestic violence courts that prioritize deterrence and that both prioritize and implement specific policies to sanction offender noncompliance, while also addressing the needs of victims, are most effective in reducing recidivism.”
The question “Are domestic violence courts working?” is still up in the air. Further research is going to need to be done; specifically trying to find what model produces the best results. It is positive to see that convicted offenders are seeing slightly lower recidivism rates, and hopefully that trend continues. These courts are being innovated and trying something that has not been done before, and there is proof that is has changed peoples life. The only way to stop the cycle of domestic violence is to stop people from committing it, and so far domestic violence courts are starting to achieve that goal. Like anything though the future will have its challenges. More financial support is needed to improve the programs and put more research into seeing what works. There is also the criticism that offenders due process right are in question, and that offenders are getting off the hook too easily. Problem solving courts are not going to go away and only time will tell if these courts are truly helping.

Works Cited
Calder, Amy. “Where abusers admit abuses.” Morning Sentinel. Maine Today Media Inc., 14 Aug. 2011. Web. 29 Nov 2013.
Cissner, Labriola, and Michael Rempel. “Testing the Effects of New York Domestic Violence Courts.” Center for Court Innovation (2012) Web. 27 Nov 2013.
“Domestic Violence Statistics.” Domestic Violence Statistics, n.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2013.
“Domestic Violence the Stats.” Safe Horizon. Safe Horizon, n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2013
Mathews, Erin. “Domestic violence court helps with rehabilitation.” The Salina Journal. Morris Publishing., 30 Oct. 2011. Web. 28 Nov 2013.
Pichard-Fritsche, Labriola, Moore, O'Sullivan and Michael Rempel. “A National Portrait of Domestic Violence Courts.” Center for Court Innovation. (2009) Web. 27 Nov 2013.
White, Kate. “Judge, attorneys: Domestic Violence court makes a difference.” Sunday Gazette-Mail. Charleston Newspapers., 14 June. 2013. Web. 28 Nov 2013. Wolf, Richard. Interview with Elizabeth Pollard Hines. Center for Court Innovation. (2009) Web. 27 Nov 2012.

http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2011/jun/12/specialty-court-works-curb-repeat-offenses/ http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2008/03/10/79087-specialty-courts-lauded-for-cutting-repeat-crimes/ http://www.courtinnovation.org/project/brooklyn-domestic-violence-court

http://www.onlinesentinel.com/news/whereabusersadmitabuses_2011-08-13.html (accountability is big, don’t have stats, have people saying it worked for them. Good examples on what these people did.)

http://www.timesunion.com/local/article/When-pain-begins-at-home-4603059.php#page-2 (quote about how these cases in past would go into the system and nothing would be done.)

http://www.courtinnovation.org/research/elizabeth-%E2%80%9Clibby%E2%80%9D-pollard-hines-judge-domestic-violence-docket-ann-arbor-michigan (Inteerview with judge, talks about how numbers really don’t matter)

http://www.wvgazette.com/News/201307140034?page=2&build=cache (good quote about people showing up just assuming case will be dropped)

http://m.cjonline.com/news/2011-10-30/domestic-violence-court-helps-rehabilitation (no stats but judge thinks it is working. He says nothing in the past has worked, so why stop this.)

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Community Nursing

...GPT Task 1 Western Governors University GPT Task 1 In January 1822, a group of settlers on board the ship “The Lively” landed at the mouth of the Brazos River. These settlers, joined by a few others, then traveled inland and settled along the Brazos River in what would become Fort Bend County. William Little built on the west bank of the river a one room log cabin called a “fort” by the settlers. The cabin eventually became known as Fort Bend. Many of these early settlers and others who joined them made up the ‘Old 300’, the first families brought to Texas by Stephen F. Austin, one of the first empresarios to receive land grants from the Mexican government to start a colony in Texas. This paper will provide an appropriate description with substantial detail of community of Fort Bend County, Texas. Data will be gathered and interpreted using concepts of epidemiology that include population/economic status; cultural; neighborhood/community safety and disaster assessment and planning. An appropriate community genogram to present the data collected in the assessment will be created. Provide a short interpretation of the genogram, including the health indicators for Fort Bend County. In addition, this paper will formulate a community diagnosis based on the data collected. A1. Community Description  Fort Bend County is located in the Houston metropolitan area of southeast Texas. Harris County is direct border of Fort Bend County and is located on the southwest...

Words: 2673 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Employment Law

...centralized and local regulations. In the local regulations adopted by agreement of the parties shall be determined daily working hours, set at rest (break), consistent recording of leave and other issues in detail regulate the working conditions of employees. It is important that the rules of local acts do not conflict with federal law. The principle of equality has evolved into demands real equality of opportunity in all areas of life, necessitating the implementation of a full and comprehensive approach to gender equality. It has been important developments in the work related to equality, to equal results, because if people got only equal opportunity, not the liability of government and society in general to guarantee the result and the effectiveness of policies that are designed to make equality real and effective. It is a concept most advanced societies which means the establishment of equality as an engine for development of women in all its potential. Equality is a concept that affects the entire life of the people and therefore also of women, but to achieve it must be applied by taking into account individual differences, since, otherwise, the...

Words: 6483 - Pages: 26

Premium Essay

Dell Owned and Operated Manufacturing Plants in Brazil, China, India,

...COMMUNICATION: ADVERTISING COMPENDIUM (C.A.C.) CHAPTER 1 — INTRODUCTION TO ADVERTISING CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 1. Discuss the elements of effective advertising. 2. Define advertising and identify its types and roles. 3. Identify the five players in the advertising world. 4. Explain the evolution of the advertising industry and the current issues it faces. CHAPTER REVIEW Effectiveness is at the heart of companies’ desire to advertise. Though advertising ultimately aids in the sale of products or services, other factors such as price or lack of distribution may influence purchase decisions. Advertising effectiveness tends to be measured in terms of communication impact such as exposure to a message, awareness of a product, attention, and involvement. Most responses can be categorized as perception (seeing), learning (thinking), persuasion (feeling), or behavior (doing). Effective advertising stems from a combination of carefully planned strategy that connects to audience members on an emotional level and that isolates a need the product fulfills, creative that delivers the strategy, and strong, arresting executions. Six components comprise the classic definition of advertising. Advertising is a paid nonpersonal communication from an identified sponsor using mass media to persuade or influence an audience. Advertising can be classified into one of nine types. National consumer or brand advertising focuses on building long-term brand identity...

Words: 28864 - Pages: 116

Premium Essay

Drucker

...The Essential Drucker BOOKS BY PETER F. DRUCKER MANAGEMENT The Essential Drucker Management Challenges for the 21st Century Peter Drucker on the Profession of Management Managing in a Time of Great Change Managing for the Future Managing the Non-Profit Organization The Frontiers of Management Innovation and Entrepreneurship The Changing World of the Executive Managing in Turbulent Times Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices Technology, Management and Society The Effective Executive Managing for Results The Practice of Management Concept of the Corporation ECONOMICS, POLITICS, SOCIETY Post-Capitalist Society Drucker on Asia The Ecological Revolution The New Realities Toward the Next Economics The Pension Fund Revolution Men, Ideas, and Politics The Age of Discontinuity Landmarks of Tomorrow America’s Next Twenty Years The New Society The Future of Industrial Man The End of Economic Man AUTOGRAPHY Adventures of a Bystander FICTION The Temptation to Do Good The Last of all Possible Worlds --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A DF Books NERDs Release THE ESSENTIAL DRUCKER. Copyright © 2001 Peter F. Drucker. All rights reserved under international and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable license to access and read the text of this e-book on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse...

Words: 109564 - Pages: 439

Free Essay

A Study on the Attitudes of the Female Residents of Pureza, Manila Towards the Reproductive Health Law

...Graduate School of Business Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila A Study on the Attitudes of the Female Residents of Pureza, Manila towards the Reproductive Health Law In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Research Methods and Case Writing Submitted to Dr. Dolores Garcia Submitted by Arien Marie A. Guda I. Introduction Population control or population management has been one of the rallying cries of Filipino economists since Pres. Ferdinand Marcos signed the United Nations Declaration on Population in 1967. With an estimated population of 92,337,852 in 2010 according to the National Statistics Office (National Statistics Office [Philippines]), and a land area of 300,000 sq. m., lawmakers and civic groups have been clamoring for a solution to address the constant growth rate vis a vis the dwindling natural resources in the country. While the population growth rate continues to hold steady(estimated to be at 2.36% per annum in 2008) (National Statistics Office [Philippines] and ICF Macro), the country’s resources, has suffered the same fate as that of the rest of the Asia Pacific region, which, the Asian Development Bank, in collaboration with the WWF, says is, “consuming more resources than its ecosystems can sustain, threatening the future of the region’s beleaguered forests, rivers, and oceans as well as the livelihoods of those who depend on them.” In an effort to help address this issue, stakeholders have sought to offer various methods...

Words: 9055 - Pages: 37

Premium Essay

R600 20

...Army Regulation 600–20 Personnel–General Army Command Policy Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 6 November 2014 UNCLASSIFIED SUMMARY of CHANGE AR 600–20 Army Command Policy This administrative revision, dated 6 November 2014-o Updates Equal Opportunity Policy (paras 6-2c(8)(c) and 6-2c(8)(f)). This administrative revision, dated 30 October 2014o Updates summary of change bullet (para 2-8b). o Makes administrative changes (throughout). This rapid action revision, dated 22 October 2014-o Updates purpose (para 1-1). o Updates responsibilities for the ready and resilient campaign (paras 1-4a-d). o Directs readers to the Army Publishing Directorate’s “notes” page on AR 60020 for additional guidance on the Army Sexual Harassment/Assault Response and Prevention Program (para 1-4e(6)). o Clarifies the groups of personnel who must be informed of the Army’s accommodation of religious practices policies (para 1-4f). o Adds the categories “senior field grade officers,” “senior field grade warrant officers,” ”field grade warrant officers,” “company grade warrant officers,” “enlisted noncommissioned officers,” and “junior enlisted Soldiers” (table 1-1). o Adds policy that the senior commander is normally, but not always, the senior general officer at an installation (para 2-5b(4)(a)). o Adds policy for command responsibility for the Total Army Sponsorship Program (paras 2-5b(4)(a)16 and 2-5b(4)(c)8)...

Words: 87879 - Pages: 352

Free Essay

Blades.Inc

...Doing Business in Thailand: 2012 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2010. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. • • • • • • • • • • Chapter 1: Doing Business In Thailand Chapter 2: Political and Economic Environment Chapter 3: Selling U.S. Products and Services Chapter 4: Leading Sectors for U.S. Export and Investment Chapter 5: Trade Regulations, Customs and Standards Chapter 6: Investment Climate Chapter 7: Trade and Project Financing Chapter 8: Business Travel Chapter 9: Contacts, Market Research and Trade Events Chapter 10: Guide to Our Services 1 Return to table of contents Chapter 1: Doing Business In Thailand • • • • Market Overview Market Challenges Market Opportunities Market Entry Strategy Market Overview • Return to top Thailand is the 27th largest export destination for the United States. Two-way trade in 2011 was about $35.75 billion, with $24.8 billion in Thai exports to the U.S. and $10.9 billion in U.S. exports to Thailand. The figures represent an increase of 12.9 percent in the value of trade between the two countries. U.S. exports to Thailand increased by 21.7 percent, while US imports from Thailand increased by about 9.4 percent for the same period in 2010. In Asia, Thailand ranks as the United States’ 10th largest export destination after China, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, India, Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia. The Thai...

Words: 42883 - Pages: 172

Free Essay

Apollo Case

...exclusive use IIM Kozhikode - EPGP Kozhikode Campus, 2015 Harvard Business School 9-396-027 Rev. February 29, 1996 Apollo Hospitals of India (A) Dr. Prathap Reddy's office was filled with flowers. The tags conveyed birthday greetings from employees of Apollo Hospitals Madras and former patients, including the vice president of India. Reddy greeted a steady parade of well-wishers and paused to chat warmly by telephone with a former janitor who had called from the United States. Throughout the day, employees greeted “the Chairman” with smiles, hugs, and gifts. Dr. Reddy had founded Apollo Hospitals Madras in 1983 as the first corporate hospital in India. It offered sophisticated treatment in a comprehensive range of medical specialties. Stateof-the-art medical technology, operated by skilled technicians, complemented superior doctors, many of whom had left lucrative jobs in Europe and North America to come to Apollo. Other entrepreneurs had followed Apollo into the market, building several dozen corporate hospitals to compete with Apollo and its government-run forerunners. Since Apollo’s founding, the quality of medical care in India had improved substantially for those who could pay. Despite competition, though, Apollo Hospitals Madras remained a leader in the provision of top-quality medical care and had made a profit for 10 straight years. Reddy had been joined at Apollo by his four daughters, who took prominent roles in the company. Having introduced a new...

Words: 13056 - Pages: 53

Premium Essay

Drug Abuse

...RESEARCH ON THE TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE AND EFFECTIVE MEASURES FOR THE TREATMENT OF THE DRUG ABUSERS IN ASIAN COUNTRIES AN ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE MEASURES FOR THE TREATMENT OF DRUG ABUSERS PREFACE Crimes related to drug abuse and the illegal manufacturing and trafficking of drugs are serious problems for virtually every country. The abuse of drugs has an adverse impact, not only on the individual abuser, but also on the economy and society of a country as a whole. Drug use and the problems that accompany it have an extremely deleterious effect on the healthy development of young people, especially. Due to the rapid increase in drug related crime and drug abusers in Asian countries, the establishment of effective countermeasures for demand and supply reduction are a pressing issue. In light of the above-mentioned situation, the United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI); and the Research Division of the Research and Training Institute, Ministry of Justice jointly conducted a comprehensive study on drug abuser treatment, from 2002 to 2004, entitled “Research on the Trends in Drug Abuse and Effective Measures for the Treatment of the Drug Abusers in Asian Countries - An Analysis of Innovative Measures for the Treatment of Drug Abusers”. The Asian countries included in the study are: China (Hong Kong), Korea, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. This is the first phase of the study on drug abuser treatment; the second...

Words: 122547 - Pages: 491

Free Essay

As It Goes

...he dares molest the sea." "How dare you molest the whole world?" the pirate replied: "Because I do it with a little ship only, I am called a thief; you, doing it with a great navy, are called an Emperor." The pirate's answer was "elegant and excellent," St. Augustine relates. It captures with some accuracy the current relations between the United States and various minor actors on the stage of international terrorism: Libya, factions of the PLO, and others. More generally, St. Augustine's tale illuminates the meaning of the concept of international terrorism in contemporary Western usage, and reaches to the heart of the frenzy over selected incidents of terrorism currently being orchestrated, with supreme cynicism, as a cover for Western violence. The term "terrorism" came into use at the end of the eighteenth century, primarily to refer to violent acts of governments designed to ensure popular submission. That concept plainly is of little benefit to the practitioners of state terrorism, who, holding power, are in a position to control the system of thought and expression. The original sense has therefore been abandoned, and the term "terrorism" has come to be applied mainly to "retail terrorism" by individuals or groups.1 Whereas the term was once applied to emperors who molest their own subjects and the world, now it is restricted to thieves who molest the powerful -...

Words: 93777 - Pages: 376

Premium Essay

Training and Development

...Part III: Staffing Recruiting and Selecting Employees After reading this chapter, you should be able to deal more effectively with the following challenges: ▪ Understand approaches to matching labor supply and demand. El n Weigh the advantages and disadvantages of internal and external recruiting. Distinguish among the major selection methods and use the most legally defensible of them. 121 Make staffing decisions that maximize the hiring and promotion of the best people. El Understand the legal constraints on the hiring process. Specialty Cabinets Company had rapidly expanded from a two-person operation to a small business with 28 employees. This thriving business catered to those who needed high-end cabinet work in custom-built homes or office buildings. Specialty had been able to attract highly trained carpenters; however, the company's president realized that Specialty needed to hire an additional manager. She gave George Zoran, a senior supervisor with strong interpersonal skills, the responsibility for hiring the new manager. George posted the opening on the company bulletin board and put an ad online and in the "Help Wanted" section of the local newspaper and soon received numerous applications. George was particularly impressed with one candidate, Tim Wells. Tim had never worked in carpentry, but George thought Tim seemed personable and had sufficient managerial experience 146 Chapter 5: Recruiting and Selecting Employees 147 and ambition to handle the...

Words: 20651 - Pages: 83

Free Essay

Health Care in India

...HEALTH CARE IN INDIA - VISION 2020 ISSUES AND PROSPECTS R. Srinivisan INTRODUCTION Key linkages in health Health and health care need to be distinguished from each other for no better reason than that the former is often incorrectly seen as a direct function of the latter. Heath is clearly not the mere absence of disease. Good Health confers on a person or groups freedom from illness - and the ability to realize one's potential. Health is therefore best understood as the indispensable basis for defining a person's sense of well being. The health of populations is a distinct key issue in public policy discourse in every mature society often determining the deployment of huge society. They include its cultural understanding of ill health and well-being, extent of socio-economic disparities, reach of health services and quality and costs of care. and current bio-mcdical understanding about health and illness. Health care covers not merely medical care but also all aspects pro preventive care too. Nor can it be limited to care rendered by or financed out of public expenditure- within the government sector alone but must include incentives and disincentives for self care and care paid for by private citizens to get over ill health. Where, as in India, private out-of-pocket expenditure dominates the cost financing health care, the effects are bound t be regressive. Heath care at its essential core is widely recognized to be a public good. Its demand and...

Words: 12674 - Pages: 51

Premium Essay

Administrative Code

...EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 292 INSTITUTING THE “ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF 1987” WHEREAS, the Administrative Code currently in force was first forged in 1917 when the relationship between the people and the government was defined by the colonial order then prevailing; chanroblespublishingcompany WHEREAS, efforts to achieve an integrative and over-all recodification of its provisions resulted in the Administrative Code of 1978 which, however, was never published and later expressly repealed; WHEREAS, the effectiveness of the Government will be enhanced by a new Administrative Code which incorporates in a unified document the major structural, functional and procedural principles and rules of governance; and WHEREAS, a new Administrative Code will be of optimum benefit to the people and Government officers and employees as it embodies changes in administrative structures and procedures designed to serve the people; NOW, THEREFORE, I, CORAZON C. AQUINO, President of the Philippines, by the powers vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby promulgate the Administrative Code of 1987, as follows: INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS SECTION 1. Title. — This “Administrative Code of 1987.” Act shall be known as the SECTION 2. General Terms Defined. — Unless the specific words of the text, or the context as a whole, or a particular statute, shall require a different meaning: (1) Government of the Republic of the Philippines refers to the corporate governmental entity through which the functions of...

Words: 111254 - Pages: 446

Premium Essay

Irpm

...Human Resource Management (MGT501) VU MGT - 501 T his subject/course is designed to teach the basic principles of Human Resource Management (HRM) to diverse audience/students, including those who are studying this as a supporting subject for their bachelor degree program. This course is designed to provide you the foundations of HRM whether you intend to work in HRM or not, most of these elements will affect you at some point in your career. Either you will be working with some organizations or having people working for you, in both cases you will be dealing with people. To be understandable and lively means that we need to communicate you. We start every chapter with learning objectives. The most important thing you will get out of this course are the basic skills required to succeed in today’s environment which are, you must be able to communicate, think creatively, plan effectively and deal with people. Copyright © Virtual University of Pakistan 1 Human Resource Management (MGT501) INTRODUCTION TO HRM After studying this chapter, students should be able to understand the following: Describe HRM? Explain why are we concerned about HRM? Discuss Road-map of HRM VU Lesson 1 LESSON OVERVIEW This chapter introduces the students with the basic concepts of the human resource management (HRM). During the lecture, we will be discussing the three main things, i.e. the introduction to HRM, the importance of HRM, and a brief discussion of the Resource topics...

Words: 93280 - Pages: 374

Premium Essay

Research

...Human Resource Management (MGT501) VU MGT - 501 T his subject/course is designed to teach the basic principles of Human Resource Management (HRM) to diverse audience/students, including those who are studying this as a supporting subject for their bachelor degree program. This course is designed to provide you the foundations of HRM whether you intend to work in HRM or not, most of these elements will affect you at some point in your career. Either you will be working with some organizations or having people working for you, in both cases you will be dealing with people. To be understandable and lively means that we need to communicate you. We start every chapter with learning objectives. The most important thing you will get out of this course are the basic skills required to succeed in today’s environment which are, you must be able to communicate, think creatively, plan effectively and deal with people. Copyright © Virtual University of Pakistan 1 Human Resource Management (MGT501) INTRODUCTION TO HRM After studying this chapter, students should be able to understand the following: Describe HRM? Explain why are we concerned about HRM? Discuss Road-map of HRM VU Lesson 1 LESSON OVERVIEW This chapter introduces the students with the basic concepts of the human resource management (HRM). During the lecture, we will be discussing the three main things, i.e. the introduction to HRM, the importance of HRM, and a brief discussion of the Resource topics...

Words: 93794 - Pages: 376