...The Dot-Com Crash 1. What is the intended role of each of the institutions and intermediaries discussed in the case for the effective functioning of capital markets? Venture Capitalists VCs have several intended roles in order for capital markets to function effectively. First of all, VCs provide needed financing for startup companies and, also, build strong platform for further financing. Since it is difficult for new companies to raise capital in public markets, VCs are necessary intermediaries. Another role of VCs is to determine good business models and ideas worth investing from bad ones. They need to identify startups that have high potential to become great solid companies and provide high returns for their investors. Therefore, most venture capitalists are savvy professionals with the backgrounds in corporate finance, investment, and management. Investment Bank Underwriters Main role of investment bank underwriters is to provide their expertise and financial services, such as price IPO or underwrite shares, when a company wants to go public. In addition, since most investment banks are well-known institutions with good reputations they play significant role in introducing new companies to investors. Sell-Side Analysts As the name speaks for itself, the central focus of these intermediaries is to conduct and then publish research on public companies. A sell-side analyst closely studies a company of interest and based on his or her findings makes...
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...The Dot-Com Crash of 2000 Case Study 1. What is the intended role of each of the institutions and intermediaries discussed in the case for the effective functioning of capital markets? The intended role of each of the institutions and intermediaries are shown in Exhibit 10, with the idea that the overall structure and individual roles are working as a whole to facilitate the capital flow from the investors to the companies. 2. Are their incentives aligned properly with their intended role? Whose incentives are most misaligned? No. As indicated in Exhibit 10, the overall structure and individual roles are working as a whole to facilitate the capital flow from the investors to the companies. If we need to have this market operation in a "clean" way, the incentives of the intermediaries should not be directly related to the short term gains from this capital flow. However, in real life, that is not the case. The one intermediary whose incentives are most misaligned can be the money managers. Though it is true sometimes they are under pressure from "greedy" investors, it can be true that, in most of the cases, they are the one who build up the bubble (willingly or unwillingly), due to the fact that, the incentives they received are directly from their short term (e.g. quarter or annual) performance, against the market benchmark or other money managers. 3. Who, if anyone, was primarily responsible for the Internet stock bubble? My view is that, economic bubbles are part of...
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...1. What is the intended role of each of the institutions and intermediaries discussed in the case for the effective functioning of capital markets? The institutions and their roles are as below: * Venture capitalists: VC’s provide capital to high potential, high risk companies in their early stages of development. In return they seek to provide very high rate of return to their investors for the associated risk. VC’s screen for good business ideas and management teams from the bad ones. They then work closely with these management teams, monitoring and guiding them, so that the business idea is transformed into a well-managed fully functional company that can stand on its own. These companies then enter the public capital markets through an IPO providing an exit option to the VC. * Investment bank underwriters: Underwriters administer the public issuance and distribution of securities of an issuing entity. They work closely with the issuing entity and provide advisory service, price offering of the security, underwrite the shares and introduce the issuing entity to investors via road shows. * Sell-side analysts: They follow a list of companies, all usually in the same sector, and provide regular research reports to the investment bank or brokerage houses clients. These analysts provide buy or sell recommendation on stocks after studying the trends of the industry, reviewing the financial statements of the company and interacting with the management of the company...
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...Case Study: Dot-com Crash 1) * Venture Capitalists: * Discern between good and bad business ideas and entrepreneurial teams. * Monitor and guide their portfolio companies into a profitable well-managed company. * Investment Bank Underwriters * Provide advisory financial services to private companies who wish to proceed with an initial public offering. * Price offerings * Underwrite shares * Introduce profitable well-managed companies to investors to help companies raise funds and recommend sound investments to investors. * Sell-Side Analysts * Follow 15 to 30 companies in an industry * Form relationships with management * Follow trends in the industry * Making buy or sell recommendations * Market their research to the buy-side to provide support during a company’s IPO process. * Buy-Side Analysts and Portfolio Managers * Buy-side analysts need to convince portfolio managers within their company to follow their recommendations * Portfolio managers make the decision to buy or sell securities. * Accounting Firms * Audit financial statements of public companies to verify accuracy and freedom from fraud * FASB * Regulatory body that is supposed to establish and improve standards of financial accounting and reporting for the users of financial information. 2) * Venture Capitalists * Substantial percentage of net worth tied up in...
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...rising profits. I will discuss the change in consumer demand for products from the tech companies after the DOT COM bubble burst and will also use examples as needed. Also discussed in this paper will be a few examples that multinational corporations can use to leverage the growing consumer demand for their products. Assignment 5: Financial Management Due Week 10 and worth 190 points Using the WileyPlus resources, go to the “How News Lifts – or Sinks – World Stock” example. http://edugen.wiley.com/edugen/courses/crs6266/boone9780470531297/c16/media/Interactive_Case_Study/ch16_case_study_new/CaseStudy2.html Create a ten to fifteen (10-15) slide PowerPoint presentation (be creative). Be sure to use the speaker notes for the details. 1. Select two (2) tech stock companies that attempted to make profits from rising consumer demand after the crash. Analyze how they attempted to make a profit after the crash and discuss any unethical practices. After the DOT COM boom, there were a number of companies that emerged that investors thought would make them a lot of money. Some Dot Com companies managed to boom and stay afloat and most of them went right on down the internet pipeline. Billions were poured into these companies in hopes that their stocks would race to the skies. Low and behold, their stocks plummeted, leaving millions of investors broke and dozens of Dot Comers and CEOs bankrupt. There are few companies that were developed in the boom of the bubble and came...
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...Mini Research Paper: Internet Bubble Fundamentals of E-Commerce Professor: Russell Calhoun Precious Harper Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………. 3 Brief Description of WWW and Internet …………………………… 4 Successful Dot.com companies……………………………………… 5 Unsuccessful Dot.com companies…………………………………… 6 Conclusion……………………………………………………………. 6 Work Cited…………………………………………………………… 7 British engineer Tim Berners-Lee developed the world-wide-web in 1989; the World Wide Web became available publically on August 6, 1991. The world-wide-web is a system of resources that allows people to view and interact with a variety of information. A computer that is connected to the Internet can access the world-wide-web. Many people believe the Internet and the World-Wide-Web are one in the same when in-fact they are not. The Internet is a massive network of networks; it connects personal computers, mainframes, cell phones, GPS units, music players etc. The Internet started in the 1960’s and it’s a massive hardware combination of millions of personal, business and government computers all connected like roads and highways. The world-wide-web (WWW) is a system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents. The documents are formatted in a markup language called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) which supports and links documents, graphics, video and audio files. Web...
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...In the past ten to fifteen years, Cisco has changed its marketing channel strategy majorly. While in the past Cisco was only focused on the volume of their business, they reconfigured their strategy to focus in on the value of business. Previously business was transferred through Cisco’s partners and retailers, who worked with customers to make deals and fill orders. Under their newer value-based strategy, their VARs, or value-added channel resellers, work directly with customers to ensure they are receiving the best value products and latest technologies. These VARs were able to work with large accounts as well as small to mid size accounts by offering specializations and value in niche markets or specific regions. Using this method makes it impossible to structure the strategy based on volume, because it is unfeasible to rate resellers effectively based on volume of sales when the focus is so highly placed on quality and value of the sale. Resellers and channel members were rated based on the value that they brought to the table rather than the volume of sales, making it easier for lower-tiered members to gain high status based on the value that they brought to the table. For example, a member that previously did not generate nearly enough sales to be considered a top-tiered reseller would now be able to achieve a higher status if the value of their service and specializations were up to par. This creates a stronger relationship between the customer and the VAR, thus increasing...
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...The Internet Bubble Burst Sandra D’Adamo Intro to E-Commerce March 27, 2014 Professor MacKenzie Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..3 How the World Wide Web Began………………………………………………………….4 Tim Berners Lee……………………………………………………………………………4 How the Bubble Inflated…………………………………………………………………..5 How the Bubble Popped…………………………………………………………………..6 What Lessons were Learned……………………………………………………………….7 Could it have been Stopped………………………………………………………………… Introduction The internet bubble history started in 1993 with the public being able to access the World Wide Web. The WWW was inflated with the overpriced investment returns from 1994 through 2000. The bubble of the WWW busted wide open in 2001. At that time the Nasdaq was often quoted as a big indicator of the bubble. During that time the Nasdaq rose from around $750 dollars to approximately $5130 dollars. That was and incredible increase of about 682% from January 1995 continuing through March 2000. During this time the industry was focusing primarily on computer software. They focused on this due to the high profit margin for the software. In this paper I will explore the many avenues of how the WWW was created and the rise and fall of the internet creation. Figure [ 1 ] flatworldbusiness.worldpr How the World Wide Web Industry Began In the beginning ideas for the WWW go back as far as 1946. A gentleman named Murray Leinster wrote a story that talked about Logics also known as computers...
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...INFO 410 Case Studies 1-2 Handout General Instructions Case studies are to be performed as described in the syllabus and in the Chapter 1 lecture notes. The questions provided here are NOT designed to be comprehensive steps, just some of the points I’d expect you to address while doing the case studies. So please go beyond the issues identified here; these are just help to get you started. 1. Case Study I-1 IBM’s Decade of Transformation: Turnaround to Growth (starts on page 5) This case study addresses several problems over the history of IBM, so it’s more like a series of little case studies. Focus your attention on the state of IBM when Louis Gerstner took over in April 1993, and address how he could have proceeded from that point. Of course the actual answer is the creation of One IBM, but what other options could he have pursued? Only use the exhibit data through 1994, and you can ignore the discussion of EBOs and other events well after 1994. Since IBM is both a user of IT, as well as an innovator and creator of IT equipment, they have an unusual position compared to many organizations. Focus on the problems IBM faced during this time and the alternatives they faced for dealing with the problems. What is the origin of the problem? Is it a technical issue, or customer relations, or competition, or something else? What functional areas within IBM were responsible for handling each problem (e.g. HR, accounting, marketing, engineering, etc.)? ...
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...dit NMIMS | The World .com fall - IT Bubble burst | | Poleswar Rao V | | INTRODUCTION The dot-com industry began in the early 1990s as a collection of startup companies using the Internet as their primary means to conduct business. These companies typically used the “.com” suffix in their company names, such as Amazon.com, and proliferated in the late 90’s with the massive investments in Internet-related stocks and enterprises. But with the failure and consolidation of many of these companies their numbers have since dwindled. The catastrophic collapse of the dot-coms that shook the U.S. economy started in May 2000. More than 210 dotcom companies failed in 2000 and a total of 762 dot-coms closed for the period January 2000 to December 2001. Since many of these dot-coms began to lay off their staff, the unemployment rate also increased from 3.9% to 6% by 2002. The dot-com bubble burst because the boom was based on the false premise that new technology would eliminate the need for brick-and-mortar stores as this new business model would supplant the old one, thereby converting the “Old Economy,” which is based on the production of physical goods into a “New Economy,” which is based on heavy use of information and communication technology. Although a great deal can be learned from examining the dot-com successes, it is equally important to study reasons for the failures. Examining the mistakes made by the dot-coms can provide insight into the evolution of e-commerce...
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...Dot-Com Bubble Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Causes ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 Effects ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 Lessons learnt.......................................................................................................................................... 7 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Appendix ................................................................................................................................................. 8 Reference List ......................................................................................................................................... 9 Abstract This report presents an analysis of a stock market bubble, well known as “dot-com bubble”, which developed roughly during a period from 1995 to 2000, and ended up in 2001. The report discusses...
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...Professor Aino Levonmaa, Faculty Advisors Honors thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Graduation with Distinction in Economics in Trinity College of Duke University Duke University Durham, North Carolina 2010 Acknowledgements We would like to thank Dr. Emma Rasiel and Professor Aino Levonmaa for their invaluable direction, patience, and guidance throughout this entire process. Abstract The goal of this paper is to investigate the forecasting ability of the Dynamic Conditional Correlation Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (DCC-GARCH). We estimate the DCC’s forecasting ability relative to unconditional volatility in three equity-based crashes: the S&L Crisis, the Dot-Com Boom/Crash, and the recent Credit Crisis. The assets we use are the S&P 500 index, 10-Year US Treasury bonds, Moody’s A Industrial bonds, and the Dollar/Yen exchange rate. Our results suggest that the choice of asset pair may be a determining factor in the forecasting ability of the DCC-GARCH model. I. Introduction Many of today’s key financial applications, including asset pricing, capital allocation, risk management, and portfolio hedging, are heavily dependent on accurate estimates and well-founded forecasts of asset return volatility and correlation between assets. Although volatility and correlation forecasting are both important, however, existing literature has dealt more closely with the performance of volatility models...
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...World Wide Web History Bubble History of the WWW ECOM 210 World Wide Web History Introduction Founded in 1989 the World Wide Web went from an impossible idea to a worldwide phenomenon that has fused itself into the needs of the people. I remember years ago when computers were just those gross green screened monitors that only allowed you to type a report. Now with the help of the internet our use of computer technology has reached amazing heights. We can reach people around the world with just a click of a mouse. “The web has changed the world. It has arguably become the most powerful communication medium the world has ever known” (webfoundation.org). Reading the webs history helps me to really see how the development of this great tool has geared us to an era of becoming completely technically inclined. The web is available everywhere you go from restaurants to coffee shops also with it being a feature on your mobile device it never leaves the side of the consumer. Internet access has become just as much of a need as toilet paper. In most cases jobs, schools and so on has built there curriculum and foundation around it. Without the web we would not have achieved the ability to have direct access to our bank accounts via applications or to send an email picture of friends and family to others around the globe. Although I grew up in the early 80’s at the peak of technology before the internet even existed I now cannot imagine a world without it. “The Internet is...
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...market. Established in 1984 by a Stanford University couple, IT administrators Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner. Ina short period after founding, it became one of the most successful companies in high technology industry. In Cisco, manufacturing of its switches and router was outsourced, the company focused on core competencies: product design and development. Indirect sales and distribution through resellers became the major sales channel in the end of 1990’s; its “Value-Added Reseller” (VAR) was the most successful indirect sales channel strategy at that time. In later 1990s, Cisco had ever been the world’s most valuable company, its market capitalization exceeded $500 billion in 2000, and sales reached $18 billion. With the telecom and dot-com crash in 2001, Cisco’s business was hugely affected; $1 billion loss was reported in 2001. The shrunken market made Cisco’s management completely review and revamp its go-to market strategy. Market and Products: Cisco’s major products are switches and routers. A switch is used to connect workstations within a local-area network (LAN). The switch directs data only to the destination for which it is intended, and increases the efficiency of networks by reducing traffic and the number of “collisions” of data headed in opposite directions. Routers are the devices that connect networks to other networks in a wide-area network (WAN). Switches and routers are classified along a layer 1 to layer 7 continuums in technical point of view. Cisco competes...
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...Objective: To discuss the role of capital market intermediaries in the dot-com of 2000 and to check whether their incentives were properly aligned with their intended roles. Observation: This case mainly describes the dot-com bubble and discusses the underlying causes of the bubble burst. It was primarily caused due to the speculation by intermediaries such as investors, accountants, lawyers, regulatory bodies, investment banks, venture capitalists, and money management firms of the value of the rapidly growing Internet sector and e-business. These intermediaries wanted big ideas more than a solid business plan from a company. The IPOs of internet companies emerged with ferocity and frequency, sweeping the nation up in euphoria. Soon, speculators were barely able to control their excitement over the "new economy." Investors were blindly grabbing every new issue without even looking at a business plan to find out, for example, how long the company would take before making a profit, if ever. Obviously, there was a problem. Some of the analysts at the firm began to recommend companies simply because they knew that the stock prices would go up, even though they were clearly overvalued. Plenty of venture capital created an environment in which these businesses dismissed standard business models, where businesses were running on losses yet forecasted as good investments. Finally, a slowdown in e-business spending from large corporate clients prompted many analysts to downgrade most...
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