...g Downsizing: Layoffs/Closings [pic] | | | | |Top of Form | |[pic][pic][pic] | |Bottom of Form | | | | | |Introduction | |Leadership Examples | | | |Business Importance | |Sample Policies | | ...
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...Downsizing- modern cost cutting art Abstract Though generally referring to an overall reduction in the size of a firm’s work force, downsizing is a term that has come to have an almost generic meaning. Accordingly, a wide range of actions, such as rightsizing, resizing, restructuring, delaying, and reengineering, have been addressed under the general rubric of downsizing. Regardless of the terminology used, however, the desire to be leaner, more flexible, and more responsive has made downsizing the most pervasive form of organizational change. There are many reasons why a company might need to downsize. In today's corporate America, it is a plain fact that far fewer employees are necessary to maintain a successful operation. Many times, it is the case where a technological advance or breakthrough makes it possible to replace a previously human job. It is also an all-too-common scenario that outside influences such as sudden shifts in the market or changed government policies force corporate executives to make coinciding decisions regarding their staff and these external changes. Downsizing began as the strategy of sickly corporations shedding workers in the face of weak demand, but soon strong firms looking to boost shareholder value even further adopted the policy. Downsizing- modern cost cutting art Why do corporations downsize so abruptly and discharge so many employees all at once? That might at first seem like a silly question, but it is justified by the...
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...Employment Downsizing and Society Student name Student University Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to present the implications of the downsizing to the former employees and the social environment around this individual. The author presents the theoretical implementations of the downsizing and provides the implications to the laid of employee, his/ her family, and the employee who kept his/ her work. Later, the author discusses about ethical questions related to the downsizing. Keywords: downsizing, social impact, business ethics Studying Business Ethics and examining real life situation an individual starts to see the world from a different angle. The one starts to see the other side of a dilemma and begins to realize that sometimes decision made might affect both his/ her life and the environment around them. Most of the times, the decision is like a scale of wrong and right. Therefore, understanding the consequences – both negative and positive – is an essential part of decision making process where personal benefit or strong relationship might contradict individual’s worldview or belief. In my paper, I will discuss the problem of making decision of the top managers to pursue economic benefits when restructuring the organizations and potential ramifications, such as impact of employment downsizing on employees, communities, and families of the employees. To start with, employment “downsizing refers to a company's decision...
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...Downsizing Downsizing has been used as a change management strategy by many organizations and government agencies beginning in the 1970s. It began as a way to deal with organizational and economic issues that that threatened the success of a company. It eventually became a popular strategy to restructure organizations during the 1980s. As downsizing changes corporate design, it affects millions of employees all over country (Gandolfi, 2008). Although manufacturing, retail, and service industries have the largest numbers of downsizing, it occurs in all industries, both private and public. According to Cascio (2003), statistics from the U.S. Department of Labor showed that in 2002 there were about 15,000 mass layoffs consisting of 50 or more personnel, affecting almost two million employees. There were similar results the prior year. It was reported that 85 % of the Fortune 500 firms downsized between 1989 and 1994 and 100 % were planning to do so in the following five years (Cameron, 1994). Reasons for Downsizing There are a number of reasons that organizations decide to downsize. According to Kirschner, (1996), “Globalization, consolidations, computerization, and divestment have resulted in dramatic changes in employment.” These factors created a new workforce and employment mindsets. Global business added additional competition for organizations. The continuing developments in technology allow higher production rates for companies and global business can run more...
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...In a business enterprise, downsizing is reducing the number of employees on the operating payroll. Some users distinguish downsizing from a layoff , with downsizing intended to be a permanent downscaling and a layoff intended to be a temporary downscaling in which employees may later be rehired. Businesses use several techniques in downsizing, including providing incentives to take early retirement and transfer to subsidiary companies, but the most common technique is to simply terminate the employment of a certain number of people. Rightsizing is downsizing in the belief that an enterprise really should operate with fewer people. Dumbsizing is downsizing that, in retrospect, failed to achieve the desired effect. conscious use of permanent personnel reductions in an attempt to improve efficiency and/or effectiveness. Downsizing can be effective if implemented appropriately. Companies must be careful to avoid sending the wrong messages to employees, shareholders and the media. Successful downsizing requires managers to: Evaluate the overall impact of downsizing. The total cost of downsizing—including both financial and non-financial costs—must be taken into account. Managers must calculate the present value of all costs and benefits associated with the cuts, including severance packages, lower employee productivity due to disorder or talent loss, eventual rehiring expenses, future rightsizing costs and the lost opportunity costs associated with not having the appropriate...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 ORGANIZATIONAL DOWNSIZING – A LITERATURE OVERVIEW 2 WHY DO COMPANIES DOWNSIZING? 2 STAGES OF DOWNSIZING 3 THE IMPACT OF DOWNSIZING PRACTICES ON THE PERFORMANCE 4 ALTERNATIVES TO LAYOFF 5 EARLY RETIREMENT 5 DOWNSIZING AND THE LEGAL ISSUES 6 REFERENCES: 6 INTRODUCTION Over the past decade, corporations have been under economic pressures for a long term. Consequently, some of them were eliminated from the local market, the survivors have been driven to reorganize, redesign and restructure their organization with the intention of maintaining their place in the market. According to the decision maker, downsizing can be a solution to many organizations to reduce their budgeting issues and to increase their productivities. ( Labib & Appelbaum,1994) This essay will focus on organizational downsizing. Part one present the downsizing concept, particular attention is paid to downsizing reasoning and stages, its impact on the performance and the legal issues. Part two focus on the early retirement. ORGANIZATIONAL DOWNSIZING – A LITERATURE OVERVIEW The term downsizing refers to an "elaborate decision to reduce the size of the workforce in an organization" to improve the organization performance and decrease cost. (Kozlowski et al., 1993, p. 267). Layoff and early retirement are methods of downsizing; in fact layoff is an immediate act of discharging an employee due a decline, while the early retirement is a personal decision...
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...any family member is sacked due to recession in the process of organisational downsizing. 2. Today, I am going to speak all about downsizing, its reasons, its effects on people and also some recommendations that how consequences can be ameliorated. Do you know that unemployment rate in New Zealand has gone up by 6.8% according to New Zealand statistics government website and 6.8% isn’t that much? Yes I know it is a lot for country and the major cause of this increase is downsizing. 3. Do you know what downsizing mean? I think not all of us here know about it. So before identifying the main cause roots of downsizing, one must know what downsizing means. Downsizing, also called layoffs, is reducing the number of employees in an organisation through terminations. There are several main reasons for downsizing but today I am going to tell you only three of them. 4. The first and the major one is technological advancement in an organisation. The trend of companies investing in technology, which began more than 20 years ago, has become one of the major reasons for downsizing today. Similarly, Contact Energy, largest listed electricity provider and NZ’s Post have been majorly in lime light in recent times for cutting 100 jobs each. The reasons behind these layoffs are upgraded IT systems and new machinery. The other major cause of downsizing is a merger. In merger, the work is...
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...Tertiary and Vocational Education Commission 1.0 Introduction: Tertiary and Vocational Education Commission (TVEC) was established in 1991 under the provisions of Tertiary and Vocational Education (TVE) Act. No. 20 of 1990. It has been functioning under the purview of the Ministry of Vocational Training and Rural Industries as a separate unit up to December 1999. The Presidential Task Force on Technical Education and Vocational Training recommended enhancing the capacity and capabilities of the TVEC in 1998. Accordingly, the Commission was re-established in December 1999 as a body corporate with additional powers on research and development and fund allocation under the provisions of the TVE Act. No.50 of 1999. 1.1 Vision A Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system where all seekers of training will have equal access to the highest possible standards of TVET, that assures gainful employment globally 1.2 Mission As the apex body in the TVET sector, we are committed to establish and maintain an efficient, effective and quality assured TVET system, which is relevant to socio-economic goals, and changing market needs. 1.3 Objectives The general objectives of the Commission are: a. Policy development, planning, co-ordination and development of the Tertiary Education and Vocational Education at all levels in keeping with human resource needs of the economy b. Development of a nationally recognized system for granting of Tertiary...
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...Firms and Industries Chiquita and Fyffes merger Master in Management Thomas Diwo Rick Geurten Ma. Camila Gutiérrez Philipp Seifert Armand Taherí Table of content 1. Banana market 3 1.1 Chiquita Brands 3 1.2 Fyffes 3 1.3 The Cutrale Group 4 1.4 The Safra Group 4 2. Merger Chiquita and Fyffes 5 3. Benefits of the merger Chiquita and Fyffes 7 3.1 The perfect match 7 3.2 Vertical integration 8 3.3 Horizontal integration 8 4. Future markets 11 5. Recommendations and conclusions 12 5.1 Recommendations 12 5.2 Conclusions 12 6. References 13 7. Appendix 16 1. Banana market 1.1 Chiquita Brands Chiquita, incorporated 1899 and based in the United States of America, is an international marketer and distributor of bananas and other fresh products, sold in 70 countries. It is the main banana distributor in the U.S. The company operates in three business segments: Bananas, Salads and Healthy Snacks, and other fresh fruits and vegetables. Bananas include the sourcing (purchase and production), transportation, marketing and distribution of bananas. Salads and Healthy Snacks include ready-to-eat, packaged salads, such as healthy snacking products, fresh vegetable and Chiquita-branded fruit smoothies in Europe. Banana sales amounted to 64% of its consolidated net sales in 2011. In North America, it often sells bananas and related services under one-year contracts to national and regional grocery retailers. In Europe and the Mediterranean...
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...SCHOOL OF BUSINESS BMIS300 – Management Information System Sec: D Beirut campus Analysis of Mc Donald's Information System Done By: Rawan Al- Masri To: Dr. Abdo Haidar Year: Spring 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all I'm thankful to Almighty Allah who gave me strength for the completion of this project. Next, I'm heartedly thankful to my most respected and honored course instructor of Management Information System, Dr. Abdo Haidar who gave me an opportunity to do this project, and for his guidance, efficient teaching, and cooperation. . This study greatly acknowledges the cooperation and assistance of all those employees of McDonald’s, whose favors have helped me to precede my project, for that I'm very grateful. Table of Content 1. Executive Summary 2 2. Organizational Overview 3 3. Issue Analysis 12 4. Analysis of Information Systems 14 4.1 Customer relationship management 14 4.2 Knowledge Management 19 4.3 E-Procurement and McDonald’s 25 4.4 Supply Chain and Logistic Management Definition 29 5. Details Analysis of suggested Systems 35 6. Organizational Impact of Recent Systems 36 7. An overall analysis of organization 40 Conclusion: 42 Reference 44 Analysis of Mc Donald’s Information systems Executive Summary McDonalds is the world's largest chain of burger fast food and perhaps is one of the fastest and rapidly growing fast food chain restaurants in the world. It uses various...
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...Organizational Downsizing Techniques and Handling Layoffs Team 1 Christina Berardi Bridget Quinn-Carey Tung-Yueh, Lee Over the last two decades, organizational downsizing has been a key management strategy favored by many organizations attempting to cope with fundamental and structural changes in the shifting economy. In the mid-1980’s, downsizing was implemented primarily by companies experiencing difficult economic times (Gandolfi, 2006). Companies hoped to cut costs and improve performance. By the late-1980’s, it developed into a proactive restructuring strategy for a multitude of organizations. Furthermore, since then, organizational downsizing has now transformed the corporate landscape and changed the lives of hundreds of millions of individuals around the world (Gandolfi, 2006). There are several definitions that have been developed to effectively define the phenomenon of organizational downsizing. To sum it up in one sentence, organizational downsizing refers to a set of activities, taken on by the core management of an organization, designed to improve organizational efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness. It represents a management strategy that affects three components: (a) the size of the firm’s workforce, (b) the costs, and (c) the work processes. On the surface, downsizing can be interpreted as merely a reduction in organizational size, and the process is a chaotic and uncertain experience...
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...Introduction II. Definition a. Downsizing b. Restructuring III. Primary Issues (Part One) a. How to Downsize Effectively IV. Company Background V. Primary Issues (Part Two) a. General Motors: Restructuring VI. Conclusion VII. References Introduction Over the past eight years, our country has experienced a whirlwind of economic slowdown that has led to the restructuring of the way companies do business today. Gone are the days when corporate merger, acquisition, downsizing, and restructuring were few and far in between. The economic slowdown coupled with ongoing economic uncertainty has led many companies to adjust their organizational operations to a new level of efficiency. Words such as downsizing, rightsizing, restructuring, and reengineering are common vocabulary to corporate businesses of today. Other changes are brought on by the globalization of businesses and changes in the industries and markets. Regardless of the reasons, mergers and acquisitions are likely to continue into the next century (Boockholdt & Service, 1997). In this case study, we will discuss the organizational restructure that led to the downsizing of the company, General Motors. In the midst of economic uncertainty for the United States, General Motors has had to adapt to changes to recover from the damage of the existing economic recession. We will try to capture events leading up to the downsizing of the company as well as where the future...
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...Downsizing * Downsizing refers to the reduction of a company's labor force….Companies pursuing different markets or customers also downsize departments or specialties if employees' skill sets are seen as obsolete. (http://work.chron.com/meaning-downsizing-6715.html) * Rightsizing is downsizing in the belief that an enterprise really should operate with fewer people. Dumbsizing is downsizing that, in retrospect, failed to achieve the desired effect. (http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/downsizing) Are restaurants downsizing? * According to foodbusinessnews.net, downsizing is one of the restaurant trends to tap for 2015. “Restaurant operators are downsizing dishes and whittling menus to appeal to consumer tastes for petite portions and quality over quantity.” (http://www.foodbusinessnews.net/articles/news_home/Food-Service-Retail/2014/10/Slideshow_Restaurant_trends_on.aspx?ID={B2B6A2A5-54AA-483E-90DC-23E4B1D02FA9}&cck=1) * "People are willing to downsize, but you have to ask them do it,” (Based from the article, Does Offering Smaller Portions At Restaurants Help People Eat Less? http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2012/02/08/146578665/does-offering-smaller-portions-at-restaurants-help-people-eat-less) * In an article by frugalconfessions.com, it is argued that “restaurants seem to be taking the consumer’s needs to heart and downsizing products while also decreasing the price”. It gave several examples such as DQ, Chipotle, TGIFs, Quiznos, and The...
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...Introduction to the topic Topic: impact of downsizing:- WHAT IS DOWNSIZING? Downsizing is a commonly used euphemism which refers to reducing the overall size and operating costs of a company, most directly through a reduction in the total number of employees. When the market is tight, downsizing is extremely common, as companies fight to survive in a hostile climate while competing with other companies in the same sector. For employees, downsizing can be very unnerving and upsetting. Type of downsizing Reduce workweek: Firms sometimes resort to a reduced workweek. This may translate into the reduction from 40 to 35 or fewer hours and thereby reduce the short-term payroll expenditures. While most employees appreciate the idea of being able to spend more time with their families, they may not always welcome a reduced pay check. Also, employees may find that the same amount of work still needs to be performed while they spend less time on the job. Nucor Steel Corporation in South Carolina has avoided layoffs for 35 years by reducing to two- and three-workday weeks for its employees during downturns (George, 2004). Recently, workers at a St. Thomas automotive parts plant in the UK have voted to reduce their work week rather than see 200 employees leave permanently (De Bono, 2008). Firing: Due to non-performance is difficult; laying off employees due to poor business performance is harder. The effects of downsizing are significant; understand employee rights termination...
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...Prison Downsizing Implementation in New York State Darlene R. Muller Policy Implementation: Spring 2013 New York State has been in financial crisis for a long time. Numerous plans, policies and budget cuts have been proposed and enacted to attempt to save money, and no public service or government agency has been overlooked. One of areas where most attention is drawn is to the corrections system. A large portion of New York’s budget is spent on housing, supervising, and rehabilitating inmates. There are many who believe this is wasteful, but what is the solution to the dilemma? Public safety must be ensured, as well as the rights the inmates and accused are entitled to. There are two sides to this problem. There are vast amounts of money spent upon this system, however it also is one of the main sources of employment for those located in the areas that contain these facilities. The loss of jobs and revenue within these areas must be comparable to the savings involved. There is no question policy changes must be made, as the prison population continues to grow and budget constraints are an issue in every state. As policies are enacted to become tougher on crime, the need for corrections services increases. Legislation and policy change has had some success in other states. Kansas had an overwhelming problem with prison population and budget restraints throughout the last few decades. (Rengifo, 2010) At first, with increased prison capacity, in the 1980’s, Kansas...
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