...We see the manifestation of trauma later on in the film through Cobb’s creation of dreams based upon memories of him and Mal. Ariadne joins Cobb in one of his trips into this dream. It is here where both she and the audience can understand the depth of his trauma. Cobb’s dream is made up of various smaller moments, each a different memory of Mal. He travels to each of these memories via an elevator, where each floor represents a different memory. There appears to be some hierarchy of the memories; the higher floors are happier, for instance a memory of Cobb’s children playing on a beach, and the basement level is the memory of Mal’s death. We can now piece together why Cobb has made his dreams this way. The memories which Cobb choses appear...
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...Professor Liao English 104 – 33 12 March 2013 Research Proposal: The Psychology of Dreams For my research project, I am investigating the abstract world of dreams and the theories behind those dreams. Why we dream what we dream, and how, and where dreams come from. There have been many different theories on where dreams come from and how to interpret the dreams of different people. I will be exploring the similarities and differences of those theories along with speculating which theories are the most accurate, taking into consideration recent research on the psychology of dreams and dream interpretation. My main focus will be the world-renowned psychologist, Sigmund Freud. His theories on dreams and the interpretation of dreams are the most widely known and socially accepted theories, but are those theories the most accurate? That is what my research paper will be discussing and examining. This paper will be objective, simply providing the facts about dreams and the different theories regarding dreams and the interpretation of them. I will go in depth with why we dream what we dream, some of the most common dreams that people have, and what the most popular theories are behind the psychology of dreams. My purpose of this paper is to inform my audience of the theories behind dreams and where they come from. I will provide information on the different interpretations of common dreams, the history of dreams, and the basics of the sleeping cycle. My readers are my class peers...
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...How do dreams differ in people with schizophrenia to from those without the disorder? Kristin Staub Brookfield High School Dreaming is a vital part in sleeping, yet in some individuals it interferes in their waking state. For example, schizophrenics have hallucinatory images while they’re not sleeping causing some psychologists to speculate why this happens. People without the disorder and other people with other disorders have been found to dream while they’re in REM sleep which is a major mental process that allows people to dream. The following articles, “Sleep Fantasy in Normal and Schizophrenic Persons,” “An Extension of Freud and Jung’s Theory of Relation of Dream States to Schizophrenia,” “The Neurochemistry of Waking and Sleeping Mental Activity: The Disinhibition-Dopamine Hypothesis,” “Dream Content of Schizophrenics, Nonschizophrenic Mentally Ill, and community Control Adolescents,” “Sleep Disturbance in Schizophrenia” “Rorschach Responses Subsequent to REM Deprivation in Schizophrenic and Nonschizophrenic Patients,” attempt to explain the problem statement: How do dreams differ in people with schizophrenia to those without the disorder, through REM sleep in normal individuals and schizophrenics. Dream content will also be investigated to answer the problem statement and certain sleep habits. In addition Jung’s and Freud’s theory attempt to explain how dreaming is connected with schizophrenia in their conscious state rather than in their sleeping state through...
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...Why do we Dream? --http://psychology.about.com/od/statesofconsciousness/p/dream-theories.htm Many different theories have emerged to help explain the mystery of why we dream. "Dreams are the touchstones of our characters." - Henry David Thoreau Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to empirical research and concentrated scientific study. Chances are that you’ve often found yourself puzzling over the mysterious content of a dream, or perhaps you’ve wondered why you dream at all. First, let’s start by answering a basic question – What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening imagery; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing. Ads Do You Have Sleep Apnea? sleepapnea.com It's a very common sleep disorder. Are you at risk? Answer 9 questions "Shocking" 2014 Horoscope astrologyanswers.com/Zodiac Enter Your Zodiac Sign to Find Out Your Future. So accurate it’s Scary! Silva Mind Control www.silvalifesystem.com Learn How To Control Your Mind Get The Famous Silva Guide... Free * Psychology Psychotherapy * Sleep Disorders * Sleep Apnea Sleep Study * Sleep Center * Study Psychology So why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been proposed, no single consensus has emerged. Considering the...
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...Running head: Dreams and Meditation Dreams and Meditation Student Name Allied American University Author Note This paper was prepared for Introduction to Psychology, Module 3 taught by [INSERT INSTRUCTOR’S NAME]. Part 1. In the dream, I am asleep in my room, when all of a sudden a nuclear bomb explodes. The ground starts to shake and debris begins to crash through the windows. Just as I am about to be obliterated, a vortex opens up and a group of scientists and soldiers grab me and pull me into the vortex, thereby saving me from destruction. I am now 50 years in the future. In my mind’s eye I see a group of scientists talking, while I am being hooked up to a strange chamber full of wires and a glass door. The scientists are discussing how they are going to remove a code from my brain. When they finally lock the chamber, with me inside, I start to get a strong sensation of pleasure as I feel myself hovering and swirling through a colorful array of shapes and structures. I also begin to feel like a weight has been lifted off of me and I can now think much clearer. The scientists explain to me that my migraines and head pain have been due to an overload of information due to the code implanted in my head. The scientists show me what has happened after the nuclear bomb hit. Cities with buildings in rumble and barely standing in place. Metal scraps everywhere. Broken and melted concrete jetting out from the foundations...
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...We Construct Our Dreams Many theories believe that the content of dreams have psychological meaning. Freud believed that dreams are wishes, needs, or ideas that one represses to the unconscious. Although most other psychologists disagree that dreams represent one’s unconsciousness, they agree that dreams may relate to one’s thoughts (Atkinson, & Hilgard, 2009, pp. 210-212). Recent studies have found that dream images relate to not only our belief but also our culture (International Journal of Dream Research). Dreams seem to be constructed based on our waking lives and memories. Different beliefs make for different dream content. A study asked two hundred undergraduate students of United Arab Emirates (the UAE) and Canada to record their dreams for two weeks (Mohamed O. Salem, 2013, pp. 94-97). The students of two countries had different beliefs: all the UAE students were Muslim, while most of Canadian students were Christians. Also, there were different degree of religiosity among them. Among the UAE participants, 98.2% thought they were religious or spiritual, while only 15% Canadian students considered themselves religious or spiritual. This fact was reflected in their dream images. Few Canadian students dreamed about religious images. On the other hand, many students of the UAE had religious images such as religious places or after lives when they were dreaming. Furthermore, the frequency of dreaming religious images of the UAE students is much higher than Canadian students...
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...state, the dream. In the dream, people maybe part of a Wonderful Wizard of Oz, horror stories or even reality shows. This chimerical state has caused dream researchers to question the cause of dream or even the contents of dream. Despite the fact that the state of dreaming has gathered researchers’ attention for long time, researchers have only begun to conduct thorough investigation on dreaming. However, as Robert E. Haskell (1986) states, “…The study of dreams and dreaming is an area of research that seems either to stimulate almost boundless, yet imaginative, theories regarding the meaning and function of dreaming; or conversely, it stimulates an equally boundless and irrational skepticism, denying any meaning or function to dreaming whatsoever…” (p.1). As stated, the field of dream research is very elusive. Pioneers in dream research, such Jung and Freud, developed various notions and models to explain the cause and content of dream, however, these theories and models are controversial and cannot be solidified. One of the most important factors that make dream research perplexing is the method of obtaining data. For example, as discussed later, participant drop out rate, small sample size and accuracy of data report hinder researchers from developing accurate notions on dreaming. In order to establish a solid explanation for dream, it is imperative that the methodology used for obtaining the data be improved. One of the many problems in obtaining dream reports is...
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...Julie Jackson General Psychology Eugene Aserinsky/REM Sleep Eugene Aserinsky was the man who first discovered REM SLEEP in the early 1950s. He was then a graduate student of the University Of Chicago. As Aserinsky had observed this in the sleep of babies, it was first assumed only to occur with infants. Later investigation proved it to occur with all people observed. This finding started a period of intense research into the psycho-physical functioning of dreams. Aserinsky was intent on studying slow, rolling eye movements in infants while they slept in the hope he could uncover a relationship between eye activities and sleep depth. When you sleep, your body rests and restores its energy levels. However, sleep is an active state that affects both your physical and mental well-being. A good night's sleep is often the best way to help you cope with stress, solve problems, or recover from illness. Sleep is prompted by natural cycles of activity in the brain and consists of two basic states: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, which consists of Stages one through four. During sleep, the body cycles between non-REM and REM sleep. Typically, people begin the sleep cycle with a period of non-REM sleep followed by a very short period of REM sleep. Dreams generally occur in the REM stage of sleep. Sleep deprivation also magnifies alcohols effects on the body, so a fatigued person who drinks will become much more impaired than someone who is well-rested...
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...bath. What!? These are the kind of silly and seemingly unexplainable instances that occur in our unconscious sleep every night when we go to bed. Contrary to what you may think, these ridiculous dreams that almost resemble cartoons more than real life, do actually have a significant impact on our emotional state, and for the most part are based on our own anxieties, desires, and memories. In this essay I’m going to attempt to analyze a current dream I’ve had and interpret the meaning and origin of this dream using the sources available to me. I’m standing on a steep grass hill, looking out over a shallow and narrow valley that appears to have been cut of the landscape like a spoon would do to a tub of ice cream. Inside this crevice is a highway I’ve never seen before, with cars zooming down the road at high speeds. Above the highway is an overpassing bridge with more fast and noisy cars. On the opposite side of this speedway that I’m standing along is my beloved dog, who I’ve raised since he was six weeks old. He’s going into traffic and I’m scrambling to get to him on the other side of this speedway, but there’s too many cars coming for me to get across. Just before it seems my dog is going to become road kill, or I’m going to be flattened trying to save him, I either woke up or the dream stopped and switched to something else. So what does this mean? Sigmund Freud, who was a pioneer for...
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...Thesis Statement: Understanding how dreams occur, how they affect our lives and what they mean help us grasp what dreams actually are. Intro: I. (Attention Getter) Have you ever dreamt that you were walking along the side of a road or along a cliff and suddenly you trip? You’re falling for what seems like forever, but before hitting the ground, you wake up? This is considered to be a falling dream, and ironically, falling dreams occur when you are falling asleep. They are usually accompanied by muscle spasms and twitches of the entire body. Although these dreams occur while we are falling asleep, they interpret a completely different meaning. Falling can mean you are insecure, you are losing grip, or you simply have fears that need to be faced. Patricia Garfield, the author of Creative Dreaming states: “there is some problem that is making you feel helpless like you have no support, so next time when you wake up startled from a falling dream, ask yourself what upcoming events do I fear I will fail?” II. (Introduce Topic) Since the beginning of time, people have been trying to understand the different functions of the human body, how we move, talk, and even act. Many of these physiological behaviors have been explained to some extent. However, one area of the human body that has baffled researchers, is that of the mind. Many things that go on inside the mind that don’t make sense, and serves no real explanation as to why or how things happen. One of the most fascinating...
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...Dream Perspectives Scott M. Standen Helga Parker November 28, 2011 Abstract This paper will explore the three perspectives of dreaming. The psychoanalytic perspective, the cognitive perspective and the biological perspective. The psychoanalytic perspective, as conveyed by celebrated neurologist and founding psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, is examined through his literary work The Interpretation of Dreams. This book serves as the basis of the psychoanalytic perspective which the other perspectives will be set against. The cognitive perspective will be viewed through the writing of David Foulkes in his book Dreaming: A Cognitive Psychoanalytic Analysis and the biological perspective will be discussed through the writings of Drs. Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley of Harvard University. Through these sources it will be shown how the perspectives relate to one another so that a basic understanding of them can exist in the scientific community. The recorded history of dreams dates back to 3100 B.C. through clay tablets describing the story of king Gilgamesh who reported his recurring dreams to his goddess-mother Ninsun, who made the first known dream interpretation (Seligman, 1948). Babylonians and other ancient cultures divided dreams into good ones that came from the gods and bad ones that came from demons (Oppenheim, 1966). Various other ancient cultures believed dreams to...
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...well being. The main focus in this research paper is to examine the nature of a certain kind of dreaming in a stage of sleep, also known as a nightmare. Nightmare may professed a state of distress that once awaken a person may suffer despair, anxiety, and great sadness because of the strong emotional reaction. Nightmare is a kind of dream that occurs during the rapid eye movement stage of sleep. Dreaming itself can have wavering natures such as melancholic, adventurous, frightening, exciting, and sexual. Sigmund Freud who is most known for his psychoanalytical theory study about dreams, interpreted that dreaming is a ‘royal road to the unconscious’ or also known as the will-fulfillments (Sigmund Frued). Describing the will-fulfillments as it dreams the defense mechanism is lessened so that some of the subjugated material comes through to awareness without any bias. In other words, dreams implement vital functions for the unconscious mind and operate as a valuable clue to how the unconscious mind works. In retrospect, going in-depth into dreaming brings the subject of nightmare. Experiencing a nightmare can be hostile and disturbing that the dream may enclose situations of threat, distress, and physical or psychological terror. Interestingly, nightmare frequency, which is most associated with cognitive was determined to be strongly modulated by nightmare distress. Therefore, it is not nightmare frequency that is associated with psychopathological parameters, but rather the...
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...dreaming. What are dreams? This question has fascinated the human race throughout history. From the Ancient Greeks and Romans, to Sigmund Freud in the late 1800’s, till now, people have queried what the mystical stories that play out in the sleeping mind are and why we have them. The Sumerians in Mesopotamia left evidence of dreams dating back to 3100 BC. According to these stories, gods and kings, like the 7th century BC scholar-king Assurbanipal, paid close attention to dreams. In his archive of clay tablets, some accounts of the story of the legendary king Gilgamesh were found (Seligman). The Mesopotamians believed that the soul, or some part of it, moves out from the body of the sleeping person and actually visits the places and people the dreamer sees in their sleep. Sometimes the god of dreams is said to carry the dreamer. Babylonians and Assyrians divided dreams into "good," which were sent by the gods, and "bad," sent by demons. They also believed that their dreams were omens and prophecies. In ancient Egypt, as far back as 2000 BC, the Egyptians wrote down their dreams on papyrus. People with vivid and significant dreams were thought blessed and were considered special. Ancient Egyptians believed that dreams were like oracles, bringing messages from the gods. They thought that the best way to receive divine revelation was through dreaming and so they would induce dreams. Egyptians would go to sanctuaries and sleep on special "dream beds" in hope of receiving...
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...movie “UP”. Perseverance is when troubles come your way you push past and keep moving through life. One example of this in UP is when Mr. Carl Fredrickson’s wife Ellie dies he keeps working towards his and Ellie’s dream of going to Paradise Falls. Another example of this is when Carl and Russell get to Paradise Falls and they have to walk Mr. Frederickson’s house around the cliffs of Paradise Falls to the falls. In the following paragraphs I will explain how Carl persevered and followed his dreams despite the troubles he faced along the way. When Mrs. Ellie Fredrickson dies Mr. Carl Fredrickson doesn’t give up his and Ellie’s dream of going to Paradise Falls. Carl knew that he would be sent to a retirement house soon and he was running out of time to go to Paradise Falls. On the day Carl is going to go to the Shady Oaks retirement house he comes up with an idea. Mr. Fredrickson ties thousands of balloons to his house and away he goes to Paradise Falls to follow his dreams. When Carl hears a knock on his door he opens it to find Russell, a young explorer scout looking to get his assisting the elderly badge, Carl know he has no other options but to let Russell come on the trip with him. Carl persevered through the loss of his wife and continued to follow his dreams. When Carl Fredrickson and Russell get to Paradise Falls they know that they have to walk the floating house around the cliffs to get it next to the falls. Carl knows that the trip will take a long time and the...
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...Diabetic. My senior year started like it was going to be the best year of my life. I had planned out my future to one day reach my dreams. Varsity cheerleading was working its way to the top. I was so excited about all the things I had accomplished. But on August 22, 2013 my life changed forever. As I was diagnosed I realized I would be changing my lifestyle, adapting to all new things. I saw that my future was not going to be easy, at all. But with my family and friends I knew anything was possible. Beginning of senior year I was ready to conquer the world it seemed like. I was ready to go out and fight for all my dreams. I wanted to make them reality. As a varsity cheerleader I was planning on continuing what I love in college. I was planning on continuing on into college to eventually become a veterinarian. But on that day, the day I was diagnosed I realized everything would be put into a different view now. Everything I had planned now came with the question, “but what if…” Cheerleading is my one love and being diagnosed really impacted it for me. My first practice back was the hardest. I lost most of tumbling because my body grew weak. As the practices continue on though, I will work my hardest at all I do. It is my senior year and a dream of mine used to be to go on to cheer in college. As I look at it now though, it seems as if my dreams were taken from me. High school cheerleading is one thing, college is another. As a senior, working my hardest and being a role model...
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